Nthawi yatsopano yamakampani atsopano opanga magalimoto amphamvu imayang'anira ntchito ziwiri zosinthira mafakitale ndikusintha ndi kuteteza chilengedwe cha mlengalenga, zomwe zimapangitsa kwambiri chitukuko cha mafakitale a zingwe zamagetsi ndi zina zowonjezera zokhudzana ndi magalimoto amagetsi, ndipo opanga zingwe ndi mabungwe opereka ziphaso ayika mphamvu zambiri pakufufuza ndi kupanga zingwe zamagetsi zamagetsi. Zingwe zamagetsi zamagetsi zimakhala ndi zofunikira pakugwira ntchito bwino mbali zonse, ndipo ziyenera kukwaniritsa muyezo wa RoHSb, zofunikira za UL94V-0 zomwe sizimayaka moto komanso magwiridwe antchito ofewa. Pepalali likuwonetsa zipangizo ndi ukadaulo wokonzekera zingwe zamagetsi zamagetsi zamagetsi.
1. Zipangizo za chingwe chamagetsi chapamwamba
(1) Zipangizo zoyendetsera chingwe
Pakadali pano, pali zinthu ziwiri zazikulu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chingwe: mkuwa ndi aluminiyamu. Makampani angapo amaganiza kuti aluminiyamu yoyambira imatha kuchepetsa kwambiri ndalama zomwe amagwiritsa ntchito popanga, powonjezera mkuwa, chitsulo, magnesium, silicon ndi zinthu zina pogwiritsa ntchito aluminiyamu yoyera, kudzera munjira zapadera monga kupanga ndi kupopera, kukonza mphamvu zamagetsi, kupindika ndi kukana dzimbiri kwa chingwe, kuti akwaniritse zofunikira za mphamvu yofanana yonyamula katundu, kuti akwaniritse zotsatira zomwezo monga opanga maziko a mkuwa kapena zabwino kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, mtengo wopangira umasungidwa kwambiri. Komabe, mabizinesi ambiri amaonabe mkuwa ngati chinthu chachikulu cha chingwe cha conductor, choyamba, mphamvu ya mkuwa ndi yotsika, kenako mphamvu zambiri za mkuwa zimakhala bwino kuposa za aluminiyamu pamlingo womwewo, monga mphamvu yayikulu yonyamulira magetsi, kutayika kwa mphamvu zochepa, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa komanso kudalirika kwambiri. Pakadali pano, kusankha opanga nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsa ntchito ma conductor 6 ofewa a dziko lonse (kutalika kwa waya umodzi wa mkuwa kuyenera kukhala kopitilira 25%, kukula kwa monofilament ndi kochepera 0.30) kuti zitsimikizire kufewa ndi kulimba kwa monofilament yamkuwa. Gome 1 likuwonetsa miyezo yomwe iyenera kutsatiridwa pazinthu zoyendetsera mkuwa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri.
(2) Zipangizo zotetezera kutentha kwa zingwe
Malo amkati mwa magalimoto amagetsi ndi ovuta, posankha zipangizo zotetezera kutentha, kumbali imodzi, kuti zitsimikizire kuti zinthu zotetezera kutentha zimagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino, kumbali ina, momwe zingathere posankha zinthu zosavuta kukonza komanso zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Pakadali pano, zinthu zotetezera kutentha zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi polyvinyl chloride (PVC),polyethylene yolumikizidwa ndi mtanda (XLPE), rabara ya silicone, thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), ndi zina zotero, ndi makhalidwe awo akuluakulu akuwonetsedwa mu Table 2.
Pakati pawo, PVC ili ndi lead, koma RoHS Directive imaletsa kugwiritsa ntchito lead, mercury, cadmium, hexvalent chromium, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) ndi polybrominated biphenyls (PBB) ndi zinthu zina zovulaza, kotero m'zaka zaposachedwa PVC yasinthidwa ndi XLPE, silicone rabara, TPE ndi zinthu zina zoteteza chilengedwe.
(3) Zipangizo zotetezera chingwe
Chigoba chotchingira chimagawidwa m'magawo awiri: chigoba chotchingira chopanda mphamvu komanso chigoba cholukidwa. Kukana kwa voliyumu kwa zinthu zotchingira zopanda mphamvu pa 20 ° C ndi 90 ° C komanso zikakalamba ndi chizindikiro chofunikira chaukadaulo choyezera zinthu zotchingira, chomwe mwachisawawa chimatsimikizira moyo wa chingwe champhamvu. Zipangizo zotchingira zopanda mphamvu zimaphatikizapo mphira wa ethylene-propylene (EPR), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), ndipolyethylene (PE)Zipangizo zozikidwa pa zinthu. Ngati zinthu zopangira zilibe ubwino ndipo khalidwe lake silingathe kukonzedwanso kwakanthawi kochepa, mabungwe ofufuza za sayansi ndi opanga zinthu za chingwe amayang'ana kwambiri kafukufuku wa ukadaulo wokonza ndi chiŵerengero cha njira yotetezera zinthu, ndipo amafuna luso pa chiŵerengero cha kapangidwe ka zinthu zotetezera kuti apititse patsogolo ntchito yonse ya chingwe.
2. Njira yokonzekera chingwe chamagetsi champhamvu kwambiri
(1) Ukadaulo wa chingwe cha kondakitala
Njira yoyambira yogwiritsira ntchito chingwe yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali, kotero palinso njira zawo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makampani ndi m'mabizinesi. Mu njira yojambulira waya, malinga ndi njira yojambulira waya umodzi, zida zojambulira zitha kugawidwa m'magawo monga makina ojambulira waya, makina ojambulira waya ndi makina ojambulira waya. Chifukwa cha kutentha kwakukulu kwa kondakitala wamkuwa, kutentha kwa annealing ndi nthawi yayitali, ndikoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zida za makina ojambulira waya kuti mugwiritse ntchito kukoka kosalekeza ndi kukoka waya mosalekeza kuti muwongolere kutalika ndi kusweka kwa waya. Pakadali pano, chingwe cha polyethylene cholumikizidwa ndi mtanda (XLPE) chasintha kwathunthu chingwe cha pepala lamafuta pakati pa milingo yamagetsi ya 1 ndi 500kV. Pali njira ziwiri zodziwika bwino zopangira kondakitala za XLPE: kukanikiza kozungulira ndi kupotoza waya. Kumbali imodzi, pakati pa waya mutha kupewa kutentha kwambiri ndi kupanikizika kwakukulu mupaipi yolumikizidwa kuti mukanikize zinthu zake zotetezera ndi zinthu zotetezera mu mpata wa waya wolumikizidwa ndikuyambitsa zinyalala; Kumbali inayi, imathanso kuletsa kulowa kwa madzi motsatira njira ya kondakitala kuti zitsimikizire kuti chingwecho chikugwira ntchito bwino. Kondakitala ya mkuwa yokha ndi kapangidwe kozungulira ka stranding, komwe kumapangidwa kwambiri ndi makina wamba omangira frame, makina omangira foloko, ndi zina zotero. Poyerekeza ndi njira yozungulira yomangira, imatha kutsimikizira kuti kondakitala imapanga stranding yozungulira.
(2) Njira yopangira kutchinjiriza chingwe cha XLPE
Pakupanga chingwe cha XLPE chamagetsi okwera, kulumikiza kwa catenary dry cross-linking (CCV) ndi kulumikiza kwa vertical dry cross-linking (VCV) ndi njira ziwiri zopangira.
(3) Njira yotulutsira
Kale, opanga zingwe ankagwiritsa ntchito njira yachiwiri yotulutsira zingwe kuti apange maziko oteteza zingwe, gawo loyamba nthawi imodzi chishango cha conductor extrusion ndi wosanjikiza wa insulation, kenako n’kulumikiza ndi thireyi ya zingwe, n’kuiyika kwa nthawi ndithu kenako chishango cha extrusion insulation. M’zaka za m’ma 1970, njira yotulutsira zingwe zitatu ya 1+2 inkaonekera m’chishango cha waya wotetezedwa, zomwe zinalola kuti chishango chamkati ndi chakunja ndi insulation chimalizidwe mu njira imodzi. Njirayi choyamba inkatulutsa chishango cha conductor, pambuyo pa mtunda waufupi (2 ~ 5m), kenako inkatulutsa chishango cha insulation ndi insulation pa chishango cha conductor nthawi imodzi. Komabe, njira ziwiri zoyambirira zinali ndi zovuta zazikulu, kotero kumapeto kwa zaka za m’ma 1990, ogulitsa zida zopangira zingwe adayambitsa njira yopangira zishango zitatu, zomwe zinkatulutsa zishango za conductor, insulation ndi insulation nthawi imodzi. Zaka zingapo zapitazo, mayiko akunja adayambitsanso mutu watsopano wa mbiya yotulutsa mpweya ndi kapangidwe ka maukonde opindika, mwa kulinganiza kuthamanga kwa mpweya wa m'mimba mwa mutu wa screw kuti achepetse kusonkhanitsa kwa zinthu, kuwonjezera nthawi yopangira yopitilira, kusintha kusintha kosalekeza kwa mawonekedwe a kapangidwe ka mutu kungapulumutsenso ndalama zogwirira ntchito ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito.
3. Mapeto
Magalimoto atsopano amphamvu ali ndi chiyembekezo chabwino cha chitukuko komanso msika waukulu, amafunikira zinthu zingapo za chingwe chamagetsi champhamvu chokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri zonyamula katundu, kukana kutentha kwambiri, mphamvu yoteteza maginito, kukana kupindika, kusinthasintha, kugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali komanso magwiridwe antchito ena abwino kwambiri popanga ndikukhala pamsika. Zipangizo za chingwe chamagetsi chamagetsi chamagetsi komanso njira yokonzekera kwake zili ndi mwayi waukulu wopangidwa. Magalimoto amagetsi sangathe kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yopanga ndikuwonetsetsa kuti akugwiritsa ntchito chitetezo popanda chingwe chamagetsi chamagetsi champhamvu.
Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-23-2024