Pakuyika ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chingwe, chimawonongeka ndi mphamvu ya makina, kapena chingwecho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali pamalo ozizira komanso amadzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi akunja alowe pang'onopang'ono mu chingwecho. Pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yamagetsi, mwayi wopanga mtengo wamadzi pamwamba pa chingwecho udzawonjezeka. Mtengo wamadzi wopangidwa ndi electrolysis udzaphwanya chotenthetsera, kuchepetsa mphamvu yonse ya chingwecho, ndikukhudza moyo wa chingwecho. Chifukwa chake, kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe zosalowa madzi ndikofunikira.
Chosalowa madzi cha chingwe chimaganizira kwambiri za kutuluka kwa madzi motsatira njira ya chowongolera chingwe komanso motsatira njira ya chowongolera chingwe kudzera mu chivundikiro cha chingwe. Chifukwa chake, kapangidwe ka chingwe kosalowa madzi komanso kotchinga madzi ka nthawi yayitali kangagwiritsidwe ntchito.
1.Chingwe chopanda madzi chozungulira
Cholinga chachikulu cha kuletsa madzi kulowa mu chingwe pogwiritsa ntchito radial ndikuletsa madzi akunja ozungulira kuti asalowe mu chingwecho panthawi yogwiritsa ntchito. Kapangidwe ka madzi kamatha kukhala ndi njira zotsatirazi.
1.1 Polyethylene m'chimake chosalowa madzi
Chophimba cha polyethylene chosalowa madzi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha pa zofunikira zonse za chophimba chosalowa madzi. Kuti zingwe zoviikidwa m'madzi kwa nthawi yayitali, magwiridwe antchito osalowa madzi a zingwe zamagetsi zosalowa madzi za polyethylene ziyenera kukonzedwa.
1.2 Chidebe chachitsulo chosalowa madzi
Kapangidwe ka ma radial osalowa madzi a zingwe zotsika mphamvu zamagetsi zokhala ndi mphamvu zamagetsi ya 0.6kV/1kV ndi kupitirira apo nthawi zambiri zimachitika kudzera mu gawo lakunja loteteza ndi mkati mwake lozungulira lamba wopangidwa ndi aluminiyamu-pulasitiki wokhala ndi mbali ziwiri. Zingwe zotentha zamagetsi zapakati zokhala ndi mphamvu zamagetsi ya 3.6kV/6kV ndi kupitirira apo ndi zotentha zamagetsi zomwe sizilowa madzi pansi pa mphamvu yolumikizana ya lamba wopangidwa ndi aluminiyamu-pulasitiki ndi payipi yolimbana ndi mpweya wochepa. Zingwe zotentha zamagetsi zokhala ndi mphamvu zamagetsi zambiri zimatha kukhala zosalowa madzi ndi zingwe zachitsulo monga zingwe za lead kapena zingwe za aluminiyamu zomangiriridwa.
Chidebe chopanda madzi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pa ngalande ya chingwe, yomwe imayikidwa mwachindunji pansi pa nthaka ndi malo ena.
2. Chingwe chopanda madzi choyimirira
Kukana kwa madzi kwa nthawi yayitali kungaganizidwe kuti kumapangitsa kuti chowongolera chingwe ndi choteteza chingwe zikhale ndi mphamvu yolimbana ndi madzi. Pamene gawo lakunja loteteza chingwe lawonongeka chifukwa cha mphamvu zakunja, chinyezi kapena chinyezi chozungulira chidzalowa molunjika motsatira chowongolera chingwe ndi njira yotetezera. Pofuna kupewa kuwonongeka kwa chinyezi kapena chinyezi pa chingwe, tingagwiritse ntchito njira zotsatirazi kuteteza chingwe.
(1)Tepi yotsekereza madzi
Malo okulirapo osalowa madzi amawonjezedwa pakati pa waya wotetezedwa ndi chingwe chopangidwa ndi aluminiyamu-pulasitiki. Tepi yotsekera madzi imazunguliridwa ndi waya wotetezedwa kapena chingwe, ndipo kuchuluka kwa kukulunga ndi kuphimba ndi 25%. Tepi yotsekera madzi imakula ikakumana ndi madzi, zomwe zimawonjezera kulimba pakati pa tepi yotsekera madzi ndi chingwe, kuti zikwaniritse zotsatira zotsekera madzi.
(2)Tepi yotsekereza madzi yozungulira theka
Tepi yotsekereza madzi yozungulira semi-conductive imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu chingwe chamagetsi chapakati, pokulunga tepi yotsekereza madzi yozungulira gawo loteteza chitsulo, kuti ikwaniritse cholinga cha chingwe choletsa madzi kwa nthawi yayitali. Ngakhale kuti mphamvu yotsekereza madzi ya chingwecho imakula, kukula kwakunja kwa chingwecho kumawonjezeka chingwe chikazunguliridwa ndi tepi yotsekereza madzi.
(3) Kudzaza madzi kotseka
Zipangizo zodzaza madzi nthawi zambiri zimakhalaulusi wotchinga madzi(chingwe) ndi ufa woletsa madzi. Ufa woletsa madzi umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kutseka madzi pakati pa zingwe zopindika za conductor. Pamene ufa woletsa madzi uli wovuta kuulumikiza ku monofilament ya conductor, guluu wabwino wa madzi ukhoza kuyikidwa kunja kwa monofilament ya conductor, ndipo ufa woletsa madzi ukhoza kukulungidwa kunja kwa conductor. Ulusi woletsa madzi (chingwe) nthawi zambiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito kudzaza mipata pakati pa zingwe zapakati-kupanikizika zitatu.
3 Kapangidwe kake ka kukana madzi a chingwe
Malinga ndi malo osiyanasiyana ogwiritsira ntchito ndi zofunikira, kapangidwe ka chingwe cholimbana ndi madzi kamaphatikizapo kapangidwe ka radial kosalowa madzi, kapangidwe ka longitudinal (kuphatikiza radial) kolimbana ndi madzi komanso kapangidwe ka lonse kolimbana ndi madzi. Kapangidwe koletsa madzi ka chingwe chamagetsi chapakati chapakati cha ma core atatu ndi chitsanzo.
3.1 Kapangidwe ka radial kosalowa madzi ka chingwe chamagetsi chapakati chapakati cha magawo atatu
Kuteteza madzi kwa radial kwa chingwe chamagetsi chapakati chapakati cha magawo atatu nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsa ntchito tepi yotsekereza madzi yozungulira Semi-conductive ndi tepi ya aluminiyamu yokhala ndi mbali ziwiri kuti igwire ntchito yolimbana ndi madzi. Kapangidwe kake konse ndi: kondakitala, gawo loteteza kondakitala, kutchinjiriza, gawo loteteza chitsulo, gawo loteteza chitsulo (tepi yamkuwa kapena waya wamkuwa), kudzaza wamba, tepi yotsekereza madzi yozungulira semi-conductive, tepi ya aluminiyamu yokhala ndi mbali ziwiri yophimba phukusi la longitudinal, chidebe chakunja.
3.2 Kapangidwe kolimba koteteza madzi kwa chingwe chapakati chapakati cha ma voltage atatu
Chingwe chamagetsi chapakati chapakati cha ma core atatu chimagwiritsanso ntchito tepi yotsekera madzi yozungulira semi-conductive ndi tepi ya aluminiyamu yokhala ndi pulasitiki iwiri kuti igwire ntchito yolimbana ndi madzi. Kuphatikiza apo, chingwe chotsekera madzi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kudzaza mpata pakati pa zingwe zitatu zapakati. Kapangidwe kake konse ndi: kondakitala, gawo lotchingira kondakitala, kutchinjiriza, gawo lotchingira kondakitala, tepi yotchingira madzi yozungulira semi-conductive, gawo lotchingira chitsulo (tepi yamkuwa kapena waya wamkuwa), kudzaza chingwe chotchingira madzi, tepi yotchingira madzi yozungulira semi-conductive, chidebe chakunja.
3.3 Chingwe chamagetsi chapakati chapakati chokhala ndi ma core atatu chozungulira cholimbana ndi madzi
Kapangidwe ka chingwe chotchingira madzi kozungulira chimafuna kuti kondakitala ikhale ndi mphamvu yotchingira madzi, komanso kuphatikiza ndi zofunikira za radial yosalowa madzi komanso yotchingira madzi yotalikirapo, kuti ikwaniritse kutsekereza madzi kozungulira. Kapangidwe kake konse ndi: kondakitala wotchingira madzi, kondakitala wotchingira madzi, kutchinjiriza, kondakitala wotchingira madzi, kondakitala wotchingira madzi wotalikirapo, chitsulo chotchingira (tepi yamkuwa kapena waya wamkuwa), kudzaza chingwe chotchingira madzi, kondakitala wotchingira madzi wotalikirapo, pulasitiki yokhala ndi mbali ziwiri yokutidwa ndi aluminiyamu phukusi la longitudinal, chidebe chakunja.
Chingwe chotchingira madzi chokhala ndi zigawo zitatu chikhoza kukonzedwanso kukhala zingwe zitatu zotchingira madzi zokhala ndi zigawo chimodzi (zofanana ndi kapangidwe ka zingwe zotchingira madzi zokhala ndi zigawo zitatu). Izi zikutanthauza kuti, chingwe chilichonse choyamba chimapangidwa molingana ndi kapangidwe ka chingwe chotchingira madzi chokhala ndi zigawo chimodzi, kenako zingwe zitatu zosiyana zimapotozedwa kudzera mu chingwecho kuti zilowe m'malo mwa chingwe chotchingira madzi chokhala ndi zigawo zitatu. Mwanjira imeneyi, sikuti zimangowonjezera kukana kwa madzi kwa chingwecho, komanso zimapatsanso mwayi wokonza zingwezo ndikuziyika pambuyo pake.
4. Malangizo Oteteza Pakupanga Zolumikizira Zingwe Zotchinga Madzi
(1) Sankhani zinthu zoyenera zolumikizirana malinga ndi zofunikira ndi zitsanzo za chingwe kuti muwonetsetse kuti chingwecho chili bwino.
(2) Musasankhe masiku amvula popanga malo olumikizira chingwe otsekereza madzi. Izi zili choncho chifukwa madzi a chingwe amakhudza kwambiri nthawi yogwirira ntchito ya chingwe, ndipo ngakhale ngozi zafupikitsa nthawi zingachitike pazochitika zazikulu.
(3) Musanapange zolumikizira za chingwe zosalowa madzi, werengani mosamala malangizo a wopanga.
(4) Mukakanikiza chitoliro cha mkuwa pamalo olumikizirana, sichingakhale cholimba kwambiri, bola ngati chakanikizidwa pamalo ake. Mbali yakumapeto kwa mkuwa ikakanikizidwa iyenera kuyikidwa pansi popanda ma burrs aliwonse.
(5) Mukagwiritsa ntchito blowtorch kupanga chingwe chochepetsera kutentha, samalani kuti blowtorch ikuyenda mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo, osati mbali imodzi yokha blowtorch ikuyenda nthawi zonse.
(6) Kukula kwa chingwe choziziritsa chozizira kuyenera kuchitika motsatira malangizo ojambulira, makamaka pochotsa chothandizira mu chitoliro chosungidwa, chiyenera kusamala.
(7) Ngati kuli kofunikira, chosindikizira chingagwiritsidwe ntchito pamalo olumikizira chingwe kuti chitseke ndikuwonjezera mphamvu ya chingwe kuti chisalowe madzi.
Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-28-2024