Chigoba kapena chigoba chakunja ndiye gawo lakunja loteteza mu kapangidwe ka chingwe chowunikira, makamaka chopangidwa ndi zinthu za chigoba cha PE ndi zinthu za chigoba cha PVC, ndipo zinthu za chigoba chopanda moto chopanda halogen ndi zinthu za chigoba cholimba chotsata magetsi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazochitika zapadera.
1. PE m'chimake zinthu
PE ndi chidule cha polyethylene, chomwe ndi polymer compound yopangidwa ndi polymerization ya ethylene. Zinthu zakuda za polyethylene sheath zimapangidwa mwa kusakaniza ndi kuyika granulating polyethylene resin ndi stabilizer, carbon black, antioxidant ndi plasticizer mu gawo linalake. Zipangizo za polyethylene sheath za optical cable sheaths zitha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: low-density polyethylene (LDPE), linear low-density polyethylene (LLDPE), medium-density polyethylene (MDPE) ndi high-density polyethylene (HDPE) malinga ndi kuchulukana kwawo. Chifukwa cha kuchulukana kwawo kosiyanasiyana ndi kapangidwe ka mamolekyulu, ali ndi makhalidwe osiyanasiyana. Low-density polyethylene, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti high-pressure polyethylene, imapangidwa ndi copolymerization ya ethylene pa high pressure (pamwamba pa 1500 atmospheres) pa 200-300°C ndi oxygen ngati catalyst. Chifukwa chake, molecular chain ya low-density polyethylene ili ndi nthambi zingapo zautali wosiyana, yokhala ndi unyolo wambiri, kapangidwe kosakhazikika, crystallinity yochepa, komanso kusinthasintha kwabwino komanso kutalika. Polyethylene yochuluka kwambiri, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti polyethylene yotsika mphamvu, imapangidwa ndi polymerization ya ethylene pa mpweya wochepa (1-5 atmospheres) ndi 60-80°C pogwiritsa ntchito aluminiyamu ndi titaniyamu catalysts. Chifukwa cha kufalikira kochepa kwa molekyulu ya polyethylene yochuluka komanso dongosolo lokonzedwa bwino la mamolekyu, ili ndi mphamvu zabwino zamakaniko, kukana mankhwala bwino komanso kutentha kosiyanasiyana komwe ingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Zipangizo za polyethylene yochuluka kwambiri zimapangidwa posakaniza polyethylene yochuluka kwambiri ndi polyethylene yotsika mphamvu moyenera, kapena poyesa polymer ya ethylene monomer ndi propylene (kapena monomer yachiwiri ya 1-butene). Chifukwa chake, magwiridwe antchito a polyethylene yochuluka kwambiri ndi pakati pa polyethylene yochuluka kwambiri ndi polyethylene yotsika mphamvu, ndipo ili ndi kusinthasintha kwa polyethylene yotsika mphamvu komanso kukana kwabwino kwambiri kwa polyethylene yochuluka mphamvu. Polyethylene yotsika mphamvu imapangidwa ndi polymerization pogwiritsa ntchito mpweya wochepa mphamvu kapena njira yothetsera ndi ethylene monomer ndi 2-olefin. Mlingo wa nthambi wa polyethylene yotsika mphamvu uli pakati pa kukana kwa kupsinjika kwa chilengedwe. Kukana kupsinjika kwa chilengedwe ndi chizindikiro chofunikira kwambiri chodziwira mtundu wa zinthu za PE. Chimatanthauza chochitika chomwe chidutswa choyesera cha zinthucho chinakumana ndi ming'alu yopindika m'malo opangidwa ndi surfactant. Zinthu zomwe zimakhudza kupsinjika kwa zinthu ndi monga: kulemera kwa mamolekyulu, kugawa kwa kulemera kwa mamolekyulu, kristalo, ndi kapangidwe ka mamolekyulu. Kulemera kwa mamolekyulu kukakhala kwakukulu, kugawa kwa kulemera kwa mamolekyulu kumakhala kochepa, kulumikizana kwakukulu pakati pa ma wafers, kukana kupsinjika kwa chilengedwe ndi cracking kwa zinthuzo kumakhala bwino, komanso moyo wautali wa ntchito ya zinthuzo; nthawi yomweyo, kupangika kwa zinthuzo kumakhudzanso chizindikirochi. Kuchepa kwa kristalo, kukaniza kupsinjika kwa chilengedwe ndi cracking kwa zinthuzo. Mphamvu yolimba ndi kutalika kwa zinthu za PE ndi chizindikiro china choyezera momwe zinthuzo zimagwirira ntchito, ndipo zimathanso kuneneratu kumapeto kwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zinthuzo. Kuchuluka kwa kaboni mu zinthu za PE kumatha kukana kuwonongeka kwa kuwala kwa ultraviolet pa zinthuzo, ndipo ma antioxidants amatha kusintha bwino mphamvu za antioxidant za zinthuzo.
2. Chikwama cha PVC
Zinthu zoletsa moto za PVC zili ndi maatomu a chlorine, omwe amayaka mu moto. Zikayaka, zimawola ndikutulutsa mpweya wambiri wowononga komanso woopsa wa HCL, womwe ungayambitse kuwonongeka kwina, koma umazimitsa wokha ukatuluka mu moto, kotero uli ndi khalidwe losafalitsa moto; nthawi yomweyo, zinthu zotchingira PVC zimakhala ndi kusinthasintha komanso kufalikira bwino, ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu zingwe zowunikira zamkati.
3. Zinthu zotetezera moto zopanda halogen
Popeza polyvinyl chloride imapanga mpweya woipa ikayaka, anthu apanga zinthu zoyera zoletsa moto zomwe sizili ndi utsi wambiri, zopanda halogen, zopanda poizoni, komanso zoyera, zomwe zimawonjezera zinthu zosaphika moto za Al (OH)3 ndi Mg (OH)2 ku zinthu wamba zophimba moto, zomwe zimatulutsa madzi a kristalo zikakumana ndi moto ndikuyamwa kutentha kwambiri, motero zimaletsa kutentha kwa zinthu zophimba moto kuti zisakwere ndikuletsa kuyaka. Popeza zinthu zosaphika moto zimawonjezeredwa ku zinthu zosaphika moto za halogen, mphamvu ya ma polima imawonjezeka. Nthawi yomweyo, ma resin ndi zinthu zosaphika moto ndi zinthu zosiyana kwambiri ndi magawo awiri. Pakukonza, ndikofunikira kupewa kusakanikirana kosagwirizana kwa zinthu zosaphika moto m'deralo. Zinthu zosaphika moto ziyenera kuwonjezedwa muyeso woyenera. Ngati gawolo ndi lalikulu kwambiri, mphamvu ya makina ndi kutalika kwa zinthuzo zidzachepa kwambiri. Zizindikiro zowunikira momwe zinthu zosaphika moto za zinthu zosaphika moto za halogen ndi index ya okosijeni ndi kuchuluka kwa utsi. Indedi ya okosijeni ndiye kuchuluka kochepa kwa okosijeni komwe kumafunika kuti zinthuzo zisunge kuyaka bwino mu mpweya wosakanikirana wa okosijeni ndi nayitrogeni. Ngati mpweya uli wochuluka, mphamvu ya chinthucho yoletsa moto imakhala yabwino kwambiri. Kuchuluka kwa utsi kumawerengedwa poyesa kufalikira kwa kuwala kofanana komwe kumadutsa mu utsi wopangidwa ndi kuyaka kwa chinthucho pamalo enaake ndi kutalika kwa njira yowunikira. Kuchuluka kwa utsi kukakhala kochepa, kutulutsa utsi kukakhala kochepa komanso magwiridwe antchito abwino a chinthucho.
4. Zipangizo zotetezera chizindikiro cha magetsi
Pali zingwe zambiri zodzithandizira zokha (ADSS) zomwe zili mu nsanja yomweyo yokhala ndi mizere yolumikizirana yamagetsi. Pofuna kuthana ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yolowera pa chidebe cha chingwe, anthu apanga ndikupanga zida zatsopano zamagetsi zosagwirizana ndi zipsera, zomwe zimapangidwa ndi sheath poyang'anira mosamala kuchuluka kwa kaboni wakuda, kukula ndi kufalikira kwa tinthu takuda ta kaboni, ndikuwonjezera zowonjezera zapadera kuti chidebecho chikhale ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri osagwirizana ndi zipsera zamagetsi.
Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-26-2024