1. Mwachidule
Ndi chitukuko chofulumira cha ukadaulo wazidziwitso ndi kulumikizana, zingwe za kuwala, monga chonyamulira chachikulu cha kufalitsa chidziwitso chamakono, zimakhala ndi zofunika kwambiri pakugwirira ntchito komanso mtundu.Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), monga pulasitiki ya engineering ya thermoplastic yomwe imagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri, imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri popanga zingwe zowunikira. PBT imapangidwa ndi condensation polymerization ya dimethyl terephthalate (DMT) kapena terephthalic acid (TPA) ndi butanediol pambuyo pa esterification. Ndi imodzi mwamapulasitiki asanu opangidwa ndi cholinga chambiri ndipo idapangidwa ndi GE ndikutukuka m'ma 1970. Ngakhale idayamba mochedwa, idakula mwachangu kwambiri. Chifukwa cha machitidwe ake omveka bwino, mphamvu zogwirira ntchito komanso zotsika mtengo, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazida zamagetsi, magalimoto, mauthenga, zipangizo zapakhomo ndi zina. Makamaka popanga zingwe zowoneka bwino, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga machubu otayirira ndipo ndi mtundu wofunikira kwambiri wazinthu zamagetsi zogwira ntchito kwambiri pazopangira zingwe zamagetsi.
PBT ndi yoyera yamkaka yoyera yowoneka bwino mpaka yowoneka bwino ya semi-crystalline polyester yokhala ndi kukana kutentha kwambiri komanso kusasunthika. Maselo ake ndi [(CH₂)₄OOCC₆H₄COO]n. Poyerekeza ndi PET, ili ndi magulu awiri a methylene m'magawo a unyolo, kupereka unyolo wake waukulu wa mamolekyu mawonekedwe a helical komanso kusinthasintha bwino. PBT siimalimbana ndi ma asidi amphamvu ndi alkalis amphamvu, koma imatha kukana zosungunulira zambiri za organic ndipo imawola pakatentha kwambiri. Chifukwa cha zinthu zake zabwino kwambiri zakuthupi, kukhazikika kwamankhwala ndi magwiridwe antchito, PBT yakhala chinthu chokhazikika pamakina opangira chingwe ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazinthu zosiyanasiyana za PBT pazingwe zoyankhulirana ndi zingwe zowunikira.
2. Makhalidwe a PBT Materials
PBT nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mawonekedwe osinthidwa. Powonjezera zochepetsera moto, zolimbitsa thupi ndi njira zina zosinthira, kukana kwake kutentha, kusungunula kwamagetsi ndi kusinthika kwamagetsi kumatha kupititsidwa patsogolo. PBT ili ndi mphamvu zamakina apamwamba, kulimba kwabwino komanso kukana kuvala, ndipo imatha kuteteza bwino ulusi wamagetsi mkati mwa chingwe chamagetsi kuti zisawonongeke kupsinjika kwamakina. Monga chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazingwe zowoneka bwino, PBT resin imawonetsetsa kuti zida zamagetsi zowoneka bwino zimasinthasintha komanso kukhazikika ndikusunga mphamvu zamapangidwe.
Pakadali pano, imakhala ndi kukhazikika kwamphamvu kwamankhwala ndipo imatha kukana zofalitsa zosiyanasiyana zowononga, kuwonetsetsa kuti zingwe zowoneka bwino zimagwira ntchito nthawi yayitali m'malo ovuta monga chinyezi ndi kutsitsi mchere. Zinthu za PBT zimakhala ndi kukhazikika kwamafuta kwambiri ndipo zimatha kukhazikika ngakhale m'malo otentha kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito chingwe chamagetsi m'malo osiyanasiyana otentha. Ili ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri ndipo imatha kupangidwa ndi extrusion, jekeseni akamaumba ndi njira zina. Ndiwoyenera kuphatikizira ma chingwe opangira mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana ndipo ndi pulasitiki yaukadaulo wapamwamba kwambiri yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zingwe.
3. Kugwiritsa ntchito PBT mu Optical Cables
Popanga chingwe cha kuwala, PBT imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga machubu otayiriraulusi wa kuwala. Mphamvu zake zapamwamba komanso kulimba kwake zimatha kuthandizira bwino ndikuteteza ulusi wamaso, kuteteza kuwonongeka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha zinthu zakuthupi monga kupinda ndi kutambasula. Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu za PBT zimakhala ndi kukana kutentha kwambiri komanso ntchito yoletsa kukalamba, zomwe zimathandiza kukulitsa kukhazikika komanso kudalirika kwa zingwe zowonera pakanthawi yayitali. Ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zodziwika bwino za PBT zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazingwe zowunikira pakadali pano.
PBT imagwiritsidwanso ntchito ngati chingwe chakunja cha zingwe zowunikira. Sheath sikuti amangofunika kukhala ndi mphamvu zamakina kuti athe kuthana ndi kusintha kwa chilengedwe chakunja, komanso amafunika kukhala ndi kukana kwamphamvu kwambiri, kukana kwa dzimbiri kwa mankhwala komanso kukana kukalamba kwa UV kuti zitsimikizire moyo wautumiki wa chingwe chowoneka bwino pakuyika panja, m'malo achinyezi kapena m'madzi. Chovala chachingwe chowoneka bwino chimakhala ndi zofunika kwambiri pakuwongolera magwiridwe antchito komanso kusinthika kwa chilengedwe cha PBT, ndipo utomoni wa PBT ukuwonetsa kuyanjana kwabwino kwa ntchito.
M'makina olumikizira chingwe cholumikizira, PBT itha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kupanga zida zazikulu monga mabokosi olowa. Zigawozi ziyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira kwambiri zosindikizira, kutsekereza madzi ndi kukana nyengo. Zida za PBT, zokhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri komanso kukhazikika kwamapangidwe, ndizosankha zoyenera kwambiri ndipo zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pamakina opangira chingwe.
4. Njira Zodzitetezera
Pamaso jekeseni akamaumba processing, PBT ayenera zouma pa 110 ℃ mpaka 120 ℃ kwa pafupifupi 3 maola kuchotsa adsorbed chinyezi ndi kupewa mapangidwe thovu kapena brittleness pa processing. Kutentha kwa nkhungu kuyenera kuyendetsedwa pakati pa 250 ℃ ndi 270 ℃, ndipo kutentha kwa nkhungu kumalimbikitsidwa kukhalabe pa 50 ℃ mpaka 75 ℃. Chifukwa kutentha kwa magalasi a PBT ndi 22 ℃ kokha ndipo kuzizira kwa crystallization kufulumira, nthawi yake yozizirira ndi yochepa. Panthawi yopangira jekeseni, ndikofunikira kuteteza kutentha kwa nozzle kukhala kotsika kwambiri, zomwe zingapangitse kuti njira yotuluka ikhale yotsekedwa. Ngati kutentha kwa mbiya kupitilira 275 ℃ kapena zinthu zosungunuka zikakhala nthawi yayitali, zitha kuchititsa kuti matenthedwe awonongeke komanso kusungunula.
Ndikoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito chipata chokulirapo cha jekeseni. Dongosolo lothamanga lotentha siliyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Nkhungu iyenera kukhalabe ndi mphamvu yotulutsa mpweya wabwino. Zida za PBT sprue zomwe zili ndi zoletsa moto kapena zolimbitsa magalasi sizikulimbikitsidwa kuti zigwiritsidwenso ntchito kuti zipewe kuwonongeka. Makinawo akatsekedwa, mbiyayo iyenera kutsukidwa munthawi yake ndi zinthu za PE kapena PP kuteteza kutulutsa mpweya wa zinthu zotsalira. Izi pokonza magawo ali ndi chiwongolero chothandiza kwa opanga chingwe chopangira zinthu zazikulu pakupanga zinthu zazikuluzikulu.
5. Kugwiritsa Ntchito Ubwino
Kugwiritsa ntchito PBT mu zingwe zowunikira kwathandizira kwambiri magwiridwe antchito onse a zingwe zowunikira. Kulimba kwake kwakukulu ndi kulimba kwake kumawonjezera kukana kwamphamvu komanso kukana kutopa kwa chingwe cha Optical, ndikukulitsa moyo wake wautumiki. Pakadali pano, kusinthika kwabwino kwa zida za PBT kwathandizira kupanga bwino komanso kuchepetsa ndalama zopangira. Njira yabwino kwambiri yotsutsa ukalamba ndi mankhwala oletsa kuwononga kwa chingwe cha kuwala kumathandiza kuti ikhale yokhazikika kwa nthawi yaitali m'madera ovuta, kupititsa patsogolo kudalirika ndi kukonzanso kwa mankhwala.
Monga gawo lofunikira pazida zopangira zingwe zowonera, utomoni wa PBT umagwira ntchito pamalumikizidwe angapo ndipo ndi imodzi mwamapulasitiki opanga ma thermoplastic omwe opanga zingwe zowunikira amaika patsogolo posankha zida za chingwe.
6. Mapeto ndi Zoyembekeza
PBT yakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakupanga chingwe cha kuwala chifukwa cha ntchito yake yabwino pamakina, kukhazikika kwamafuta, kukana kwa dzimbiri komanso kusinthika. M'tsogolomu, pamene makampani olankhulana ndi kuwala akupitirizabe kukweza, zofunikira zapamwamba zidzaperekedwa kuti zitheke. Makampani a PBT akuyenera kupitiliza kulimbikitsa luso laukadaulo komanso chitukuko choteteza zachilengedwe, kupititsa patsogolo magwiridwe antchito ake komanso kupanga bwino. Pokwaniritsa zofunikira zogwirira ntchito, kuchepetsa kugwiritsira ntchito mphamvu ndi ndalama zakuthupi zidzathandiza PBT kukhala ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pazingwe zowunikira komanso magawo ambiri ogwiritsira ntchito.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-30-2025