Pakugwira ntchito kwa zingwe zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi, chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa magwiridwe antchito ndi kulowa kwa chinyezi. Ngati madzi alowa mu chingwe cha kuwala, amatha kuwonjezera kuchepetsedwa kwa ulusi; ngati ilowa mu chingwe chamagetsi, imatha kuchepetsa kutsekemera kwa chingwe, zomwe zimakhudza ntchito yake. Choncho, mayunitsi oletsa madzi, monga zinthu zowonongeka ndi madzi, amapangidwa kuti azipanga zingwe za kuwala ndi magetsi kuti ateteze chinyezi kapena kulowa kwa madzi, kuonetsetsa chitetezo chogwira ntchito.
Mitundu yayikulu yopangira zinthu zotengera madzi ndi ufa wothira madzi,tepi yotchinga madzi, ulusi wotsekereza madzi, ndi mafuta oletsa madzi otupa, etc. Malingana ndi malo ogwiritsira ntchito, mtundu umodzi wa zinthu zotchinga madzi ungagwiritsidwe ntchito, kapena mitundu ingapo yosiyana ingagwiritsidwe ntchito panthawi imodzi kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti zingwe zisamalowe madzi.
Pogwiritsa ntchito teknoloji ya 5G mofulumira, kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe za kuwala kukufalikira kwambiri, ndipo zofunikira kwa iwo zikukhala zovuta kwambiri. Makamaka pakukhazikitsidwa kwa zobiriwira komanso zoteteza zachilengedwe, zingwe zowuma bwino zimakondedwa kwambiri ndi msika. Chofunikira kwambiri pazingwe zowuma bwino ndikuti sagwiritsa ntchito mafuta otchinga madzi amtundu wodzaza kapena mafuta otchinga madzi otupa. M'malo mwake, tepi yotchinga madzi ndi ulusi wotchinga madzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa madzi kudutsa gawo lonse la chingwe.
Kugwiritsa ntchito tepi yotsekera madzi mu zingwe ndi zingwe zowunikira ndikofala kwambiri, ndipo pali mabuku ambiri ofufuza. Komabe, pali kafukufuku wochepa omwe amanenedwa pa ulusi wotsekereza madzi, makamaka pazida zotsekereza madzi zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu zoyamwa kwambiri. Chifukwa cha kulipidwa kwawo kosavuta popanga zingwe zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi komanso kukonza kosavuta, zida zamtundu wa super absorbent ndizomwe zimakondedwa kwambiri zotsekereza madzi popanga zingwe ndi zingwe zowunikira, makamaka zingwe zowuma.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mu Power Cable Manufacturing
Ndi kulimbikitsa kosalekeza kwa zomangamanga ku China, kufunikira kwa zingwe zamagetsi kuchokera kuzinthu zothandizira magetsi kukukulirakulira. Zingwe nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa ndi kuikidwa m'manda mwachindunji, mu ngalande za chingwe, tunnel, kapena njira zodutsa pamwamba. Amakhala m'malo achinyezi kapena amalumikizana mwachindunji ndi madzi, ndipo amatha kumizidwa m'madzi kwakanthawi kochepa kapena kwanthawi yayitali, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi alowe pang'onopang'ono mkati mwa chingwe. Pansi pa ntchito ya magetsi, zomanga ngati mitengo zimatha kupanga muzitsulo za conductor, chodabwitsa chotchedwa water treeing. Mitengo yamadzi ikakula mpaka kufika pamlingo wina, zimabweretsa kuwonongeka kwa kutsekereza kwa chingwe. Mitengo yamadzi tsopano ikudziwika padziko lonse kuti ndi imodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimayambitsa ukalamba wa chingwe. Kupititsa patsogolo chitetezo ndi kudalirika kwa kayendedwe ka magetsi, mapangidwe a chingwe ndi kupanga ziyenera kutengera njira zotsekera madzi kapena njira zoletsa madzi kuti zitsimikizire kuti chingwecho chili ndi ntchito yabwino yoletsa madzi.
Njira zolowera m'madzi mu zingwe zimatha kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: kulowa kwa ma radial (kapena modutsa) kudzera mu sheath, ndi kulowa kwautali (kapena axial) motsatira kondakitala ndi pachimake chingwe. Pakutsekereza madzi ozungulira (opingasa), chotchinga chotsekereza madzi, monga aluminium-pulasitiki yopangidwa ndi pulasitiki yokulungidwa motalika ndikutuluka ndi polyethylene, imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Ngati kutsekedwa kwathunthu kwa madzi ozungulira kumafunika, chitsulo chachitsulo chimatengedwa. Pazingwe zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, chitetezo chotsekereza madzi chimayang'ana kwambiri kulowa kwamadzi kwautali (axial).
Popanga mawonekedwe a chingwe, miyeso yopanda madzi iyenera kuganizira kukana kwa madzi kumalo otalikirapo (kapena axial) a kondakitala, kukana madzi kunja kwa wosanjikiza wotsekera, komanso kukana madzi munjira yonse. Njira yodziwika bwino yotsekera madzi ndikudzaza zinthu zotsekereza madzi mkati ndi pamwamba pa kondakitala. Kwa zingwe zamphamvu kwambiri zokhala ndi ma conductor omwe amagawidwa m'magulu, ulusi wotsekera madzi ukulimbikitsidwa kuti ugwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zinthu zotsekereza madzi pakati, monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 1. Ulusi wotsekera madzi ungagwiritsidwenso ntchito muzitsulo zonse zotsekera madzi. Poyika ulusi wotchinga madzi kapena zingwe zotchinga madzi zolukidwa kuchokera ku ulusi wotsekereza madzi m'mipata pakati pa zigawo zosiyanasiyana za chingwe, njira zoyendetsera madzi motsatira njira ya axial ya chingwe zikhoza kutsekedwa kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti zofunikira zokhala ndi madzi nthawi yayitali zimakwaniritsidwa. Chithunzi chojambula cha chingwe chotchinga madzi chokhazikika chikuwonetsedwa pa chithunzi 2.
M'zingwe zazitsulo zomwe tazitchula pamwambapa, zida za fiber zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi madzi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo loletsa madzi. Makinawa amadalira kuchuluka kwa utomoni woyamwa kwambiri womwe umapezeka pamwamba pa fiber. Mukakumana ndi madzi, utomoniwo umakulirakulira mpaka 十几 mpaka 几十 nthawi voliyumu yake yoyambirira, kupanga chotsekeka chotsekereza madzi pagawo lozungulira lachingwe, kutsekereza njira zolowera madzi, ndikuyimitsa kufalikira kwina ndikuwonjezera madzi kapena nthunzi yamadzi motsatira njira yotalikirapo, motero kuteteza chingwecho moyenera.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mu Optical Cables
Mawonekedwe otumizira mawotchi, magwiridwe antchito amakina, komanso magwiridwe antchito a chilengedwe cha zingwe zowunikira ndizofunikira kwambiri pamakina olumikizirana. Njira imodzi yotsimikizira moyo wautumiki wa chingwe cha kuwala ndikuteteza madzi kuti asalowe mu fiber optical panthawi yogwira ntchito, zomwe zingapangitse kutaya kwakukulu (ie, kutaya kwa haidrojeni). Kulowetsedwa kwa madzi kumakhudza nsonga za kuyamwa kwa kuwala kwa fiber optical mu wavelength range kuchokera ku 1.3μm mpaka 1.60μm, zomwe zimapangitsa kutayika kwa fiber optical. Gulu la wavelength ili limakwirira mawindo ambiri otumizira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamakina amakono olumikizirana. Chifukwa chake, kapangidwe kake kopanda madzi kumakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakumanga chingwe cha kuwala.
Mapangidwe otchinga madzi mu zingwe zowoneka bwino amagawidwa kukhala ma radial otsekereza madzi ndi mapangidwe aatali oletsa madzi. Mawonekedwe otchinga madzi amadzimadzi amatengera chotchinga chokwanira chamadzi, mwachitsanzo, chopangidwa ndi aluminiyamu-pulasitiki kapena chitsulo-pulasitiki chophatikizika tepi yokulungidwa motalika ndikutuluka ndi polyethylene. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, chubu chotayirira chopangidwa ndi zipangizo za polima monga PBT (Polybutylene terephthalate) kapena chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimawonjezeredwa kunja kwa fiber optical. M'mapangidwe aatali amadzi amadzimadzi, kugwiritsa ntchito zigawo zingapo za zinthu zotsekereza madzi kumaganiziridwa pagawo lililonse la kapangidwe kake. Zinthu zotsekereza madzi mkati mwa chubu lotayirira (kapena m'mizere ya chingwe chamtundu wa skeleton) zimasinthidwa kuchoka kumafuta otsekereza madzi kupita kuzinthu zotengera madzi za chubu. Ulusi umodzi kapena ziwiri za ulusi wotsekereza madzi zimayikidwa mofananira ndi chinthu cholimbitsa pachimake kuti nthunzi yamadzi isalowe motalikirana ndi membalayo. Ngati ndi kotheka, ulusi wotsekereza madzi utha kuyikidwanso m'mipata pakati pa machubu otayirira kuti zitsimikizire kuti chingwe chowoneka bwino chikudutsa mayeso olimba olowera madzi. Kapangidwe ka chingwe chowuma chowuma nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsa ntchito mtundu wosanjikiza, monga momwe tawonetsera pa Chithunzi 3.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-28-2025