Pa nthawi yogwiritsa ntchito zingwe zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi, chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chomwe chimayambitsa kuchepa kwa magwiridwe antchito ndi kulowa kwa chinyezi. Ngati madzi alowa mu chingwe chowunikira, amatha kuwonjezera kuchepa kwa ulusi; ngati alowa mu chingwe chamagetsi, amatha kuchepetsa magwiridwe antchito a chingwecho, zomwe zimakhudza momwe chimagwirira ntchito. Chifukwa chake, zida zotchingira madzi, monga zinthu zoyamwa madzi, zimapangidwa kuti zipange zingwe zamagetsi ndi zamagetsi kuti zisalowe chinyezi kapena madzi, kuonetsetsa kuti ntchito yake ndi yotetezeka.
Mitundu yayikulu ya zinthu zoyamwa madzi ndi ufa woyamwa madzi,tepi yotchinga madzi, ulusi wotchinga madzi, ndi mafuta oletsa madzi otupa, ndi zina zotero. Kutengera ndi malo ogwiritsira ntchito, mtundu umodzi wa zinthu zoletsa madzi ungagwiritsidwe ntchito, kapena mitundu yosiyanasiyana ingagwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi imodzi kuti zingwe zisalowe madzi.
Chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wa 5G mwachangu, kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe zowunikira kukuchulukirachulukira, ndipo zofunikira zake zikuchulukirachulukira. Makamaka chifukwa cha kukhazikitsidwa kwa zofunikira zobiriwira komanso zoteteza chilengedwe, zingwe zowunikira zouma kwathunthu zikukondedwa kwambiri ndi msika. Chinthu chofunikira kwambiri cha zingwe zowunikira zouma kwathunthu ndikuti sizigwiritsa ntchito mafuta odzaza madzi kapena mafuta oletsa madzi otupa. M'malo mwake, tepi yoletsa madzi ndi ulusi woletsa madzi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito potseka madzi kudutsa gawo lonse la chingwecho.
Kugwiritsa ntchito tepi yotchingira madzi m'zingwe ndi zingwe zowunikira n'kofala kwambiri, ndipo pali mabuku ambiri ofufuza za izi. Komabe, pali kafukufuku wochepa wolembedwa pa ulusi wotchingira madzi, makamaka pa zipangizo zotchingira madzi zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu zoyamwa madzi. Chifukwa cha phindu lawo losavuta popanga zingwe zowunikira ndi zamagetsi komanso kukonza kosavuta, zipangizo zotchingira madzi kwambiri pakadali pano ndi zinthu zomwe zimakondedwa kwambiri popanga zingwe ndi zingwe zowunikira, makamaka zingwe zowuma.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Pakupanga Zingwe Zamagetsi
Ndi kulimbitsa kosalekeza kwa zomangamanga ku China, kufunikira kwa zingwe zamagetsi kuchokera ku mapulojekiti othandizira magetsi kukupitirirabe kukwera. Zingwe nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa mwa kuyika mwachindunji, m'ngalande za zingwe, m'matanthwe, kapena m'njira zapamwamba. Zimakhala m'malo ozizira kapena olumikizana mwachindunji ndi madzi, ndipo zimatha kumizidwa m'madzi kwakanthawi kochepa kapena kwa nthawi yayitali, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi alowe pang'onopang'ono mkati mwa zingwe. Pansi pa mphamvu yamagetsi, zomangamanga zofanana ndi mitengo zimatha kupangidwa mu gawo loteteza mawaya a kondakitala, chinthu chodziwika kuti kubzala madzi. Mitengo yamadzi ikakula mpaka pamlingo winawake, imayambitsa kuwonongeka kwa kubzala mawaya. Kubzala madzi tsopano kumadziwika padziko lonse lapansi ngati chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu zokalamba mawaya. Kuti pakhale chitetezo ndi kudalirika kwa makina opangira magetsi, kapangidwe ka zingwe ndi kupanga ziyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zomangamanga zoletsa madzi kapena njira zotetezera madzi kuti zitsimikizire kuti chingwecho chili ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino oletsa madzi.
Njira zolowera madzi m'zingwe nthawi zambiri zimatha kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: kulowa kwa radial (kapena transverse) kudzera mu sheath, ndi kulowa kwa longitudinal (kapena axial) motsatira kondakitala ndi pakati pa chingwe. Pa kutsekeka kwa madzi kwa radial (transverse), sheath yotsekeka madzi yonse, monga tepi yopangidwa ndi aluminiyamu-pulasitiki yolumikizidwa motalikirana kenako n’kutulutsidwa ndi polyethylene, nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngati kutsekeka kwa madzi kwa radial kwathunthu kukufunika, kapangidwe ka sheath yachitsulo kamagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pa zingwe zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, chitetezo choletsa madzi chimayang'ana kwambiri kulowa kwa madzi kwa longitudinal (axial).
Popanga kapangidwe ka chingwe, njira zosalowa madzi ziyenera kuganizira kukana madzi munjira yayitali (kapena axial) ya kondakitala, kukana madzi kunja kwa gawo loteteza kutentha, ndi kukana madzi mu kapangidwe konse. Njira yodziwika bwino ya kondakitala zoletsa madzi ndikudzaza zinthu zoletsa madzi mkati ndi pamwamba pa kondakitala. Pa zingwe zamphamvu kwambiri zokhala ndi kondakitala zogawidwa m'magawo, ulusi woletsa madzi umalimbikitsidwa kuti ugwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chinthu choletsa madzi pakati, monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa Chithunzi 1. Ulusi woletsa madzi ungagwiritsidwenso ntchito m'mapangidwe athunthu oletsa madzi. Mwa kuyika ulusi woletsa madzi kapena zingwe zoletsa madzi zolukidwa kuchokera ku ulusi woletsa madzi m'mipata pakati pa zigawo zosiyanasiyana za chingwe, njira zoyendetsera madzi motsatira njira ya axial ya chingwe zitha kutsekedwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti zofunikira pakulimba kwa madzi kwa nthawi yayitali zakwaniritsidwa. Chithunzi chachitsanzo cha chingwe choletsa madzi chathunthu chawonetsedwa pa Chithunzi 2.
Mu kapangidwe ka chingwe chomwe tatchula pamwambapa, zinthu zoyamwa madzi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chipangizo choletsa madzi. Njirayi imadalira kuchuluka kwa utomoni woyamwa kwambiri womwe ulipo pamwamba pa utomoni. Utomoni ukakumana ndi madzi, umakula mofulumira mpaka kuchulukitsa kuchuluka kwake koyambirira, ndikupanga gawo lotsekedwa loletsa madzi pa gawo lozungulira la pakati pa chingwe, kutseka njira zolowera madzi, ndikuletsa kufalikira ndi kufalikira kwa madzi kapena nthunzi ya madzi motsatira njira yayitali, motero kuteteza chingwecho bwino.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zingwe Zowala
Kagwiridwe ka ntchito ka ma transmission a kuwala, kagwiridwe ka ntchito ka makina, komanso kagwiridwe ka ntchito ka ma cable optical ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa njira yolumikizirana. Njira imodzi yotsimikizira kuti chingwe chowunikira chikugwira ntchito ndikuletsa madzi kulowa mu ulusi wowunikira panthawi yogwira ntchito, zomwe zingayambitse kutayika kwakukulu (monga kutayika kwa haidrojeni). Kulowa kwa madzi kumakhudza nsonga zoyamwa kuwala kwa ulusi wowunikira mu ma wavelength kuyambira 1.3μm mpaka 1.60μm, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ulusi wowunikira utayike kwambiri. Mzere wa wavelength uwu umaphimba mawindo ambiri otumizira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu makina olumikizirana amakono. Chifukwa chake, kapangidwe ka kapangidwe ka madzi kumakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakupanga chingwe chowunikira.
Kapangidwe ka kapangidwe ka madzi m'zingwe zowunikira kamagawidwa m'mapangidwe ozungulira otchingira madzi ndi kapangidwe kozungulira kotchingira madzi. Kapangidwe ka kapangidwe ka madzi kozungulira kamagwiritsa ntchito chidebe chokwanira chotchingira madzi, mwachitsanzo, kapangidwe kake kokhala ndi tepi yophatikizika ya aluminiyamu-pulasitiki kapena chitsulo-pulasitiki yolumikizidwa mozungulira kenako n’kutulutsidwa ndi polyethylene. Nthawi yomweyo, chubu chosasunthika chopangidwa ndi zinthu za polima monga PBT (Polybutylene terephthalate) kapena chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimawonjezedwa kunja kwa ulusi wowala. Mu kapangidwe ka kapangidwe kozungulira kopanda madzi, kugwiritsa ntchito zigawo zingapo za zinthu zotchingira madzi kumaganiziridwa pa gawo lililonse la kapangidwe kake. Zinthu zotchingira madzi mkati mwa chubu chosasunthika (kapena m'mitsinje ya chingwe chamtundu wa mafupa) zimasinthidwa kuchoka pa mafuta odzaza madzi kukhala ulusi woyamwa madzi pa chubucho. Ulusi umodzi kapena iwiri ya ulusi wotchingira madzi imayikidwa molingana ndi chinthu cholimbitsa chingwe kuti nthunzi yamadzi yakunja isalowe mozungulira mbali ya mphamvu. Ngati kuli kofunikira, ulusi wotchinga madzi ukhozanso kuyikidwa m'mipata pakati pa machubu otayirira kuti zitsimikizire kuti chingwe chowunikira chikudutsa mayeso okhwima olowera m'madzi. Kapangidwe ka chingwe chowunikira chouma mokwanira nthawi zambiri kamagwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa chingwe cholumikizidwa, monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa Chithunzi 3.
Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-28-2025