Kapangidwe ka chingwecho kamawoneka kosavuta, kwenikweni, gawo lililonse lili ndi ntchito yake yofunika, kotero chinthu chilichonse chiyenera kusankhidwa mosamala popanga chingwecho, kuti zitsimikizire kudalirika kwa chingwe chopangidwa ndi zipangizozi panthawi yogwira ntchito.
1. Zipangizo zoyendetsera
M'mbuyomu, zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma conductor amagetsi zinali mkuwa ndi aluminiyamu. Sodium idayesedwanso kwakanthawi. Mkuwa ndi aluminiyamu zimakhala ndi mphamvu zamagetsi zabwino, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mkuwa kumakhala kochepa potumiza mphamvu yomweyo, kotero kukula kwakunja kwa conductor wamkuwa kumakhala kochepa kuposa kwa conductor wa aluminiyamu. Mtengo wa aluminiyamu ndi wotsika kwambiri kuposa mkuwa. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa mkuwa ndi kwakukulu kuposa kwa aluminiyamu, ngakhale mphamvu yonyamulira mphamvu ndi yofanana, gawo lopingasa la conductor wa aluminiyamu ndi lalikulu kuposa la conductor wamkuwa, koma chingwe cha conductor wa aluminiyamu chimakhala chopepuka kuposa chingwe cha conductor wamkuwa.
2. Zipangizo zotetezera kutentha
Pali zinthu zambiri zotetezera kutentha zomwe zingwe zamagetsi za MV zingagwiritse ntchito, kuphatikizapo zinthu zotetezera kutentha zomwe zapangidwa ndi ukadaulo, zomwe zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino kwa zaka zoposa 100. Masiku ano, zotetezera kutentha za polymer zomwe zatulutsidwa zavomerezedwa kwambiri. Zinthu zotetezera kutentha za polymer zomwe zatulutsidwa ndi PE (LDPE ndi HDPE), XLPE, WTR-XLPE ndi EPR. Zinthuzi ndi thermoplastic komanso thermosetting. Zinthu za thermoplastic zimasinthasintha zikatenthedwa, pomwe zinthu za thermoset zimasunga mawonekedwe awo kutentha komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito.
2.1. Kuteteza mapepala
Poyamba kugwira ntchito kwawo, zingwe zotetezedwa ndi pepala zimanyamula katundu wochepa chabe ndipo zimasamalidwa bwino. Komabe, ogwiritsa ntchito magetsi akupitilizabe kupangitsa kuti chingwecho chikhale ndi katundu wokwera kwambiri, mikhalidwe yoyambirira yogwiritsira ntchito siikugwirizananso ndi zosowa za chingwe chomwe chilipo, ndiye kuti chidziwitso chabwino choyambirira sichingaimire ntchito yamtsogolo ya chingwecho chiyenera kukhala chabwino. M'zaka zaposachedwa, zingwe zotetezedwa ndi pepala sizigwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri.
2.2.PVC
PVC imagwiritsidwabe ntchito ngati chinthu chotetezera kutentha pa zingwe za 1kV zokhala ndi mphamvu zochepa ndipo ndi chinthu chotetezera kutentha. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito PVC mu kutchinjiriza kwa zingwe kukusinthidwa mwachangu ndi XLPE, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito mu chidebe kukusinthidwa mwachangu ndi linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE), medium density polyethylene (MDPE) kapena high density polyethylene (HDPE), ndipo zingwe zosakhala za PVC zili ndi ndalama zochepa zogwiritsira ntchito.
2.3. Polyethylene (PE)
Polyethylene yotsika kwambiri (LDPE) idapangidwa m'zaka za m'ma 1930 ndipo tsopano imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati utomoni woyambira wa polyethylene yolumikizidwa (XLPE) ndi polyethylene yolumikizidwa ndi mitengo (WTR-XLPE) yolimba. Mu thermoplastic state, kutentha kwakukulu kwa polyethylene ndi 75 ° C, komwe kumakhala kotsika kuposa kutentha kwa zingwe zotetezedwa ndi mapepala (80~90 ° C). Vutoli lathetsedwa ndi kubwera kwa polyethylene yolumikizidwa ndi mapepala (XLPE), yomwe imatha kukwaniritsa kapena kupitirira kutentha kwa zingwe zotetezedwa ndi mapepala.
2.4.Polyethylene yolumikizidwa ndi mtanda (XLPE)
XLPE ndi chinthu chotenthetsera kutentha chomwe chimapangidwa posakaniza polyethylene yotsika kwambiri (LDPE) ndi chinthu cholumikizira (monga peroxide).
Kutentha kwakukulu kwa kondakitala yoyendetsera chingwe chotetezedwa cha XLPE ndi 90 ° C, mayeso owonjezera mphamvu ndi 140 ° C, ndipo kutentha kwafupikitsa mphamvu kumatha kufika 250 ° C. XLPE ili ndi makhalidwe abwino kwambiri a dielectric ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pamagetsi apakati pa 600V mpaka 500kV.
2.5. Mtengo wosalowa madzi Polyethylene yolumikizidwa ndi mtanda (WTR-XLPE)
Kuchuluka kwa mitengo yamadzi kudzachepetsa nthawi yogwira ntchito ya chingwe cha XLPE. Pali njira zambiri zochepetsera kukula kwa mitengo yamadzi, koma imodzi mwa njira zomwe zimavomerezedwa kwambiri ndikugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zotetezera kutentha zomwe zimapangidwa kuti ziletse kukula kwa mitengo yamadzi, zomwe zimatchedwa polyethylene WTR-XLPE, mtengo wosagonjetsedwa ndi madzi.
2.6. Rabala ya ethylene propylene (EPR)
EPR ndi chinthu chotenthetsera kutentha chomwe chimapangidwa ndi ethylene, propylene (nthawi zina monomer yachitatu), ndipo copolymer ya ma monomers atatu imatchedwa ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM). Pa kutentha kwakukulu, EPR nthawi zonse imakhala yofewa ndipo imakhala ndi kukana kwabwino kwa corona. Komabe, kutayika kwa dielectric kwa zinthu za EPR kumakhala kwakukulu kwambiri kuposa kwa XLPE ndi WTR-XLPE.
3. Njira yotetezera kutentha kwa mpweya
Njira yolumikizirana ndi polima yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kupanga ma polima olumikizana kumayamba ndi polima ya matrix kenako zokhazikika ndi zolumikizirana zimawonjezedwa kuti zipange chisakanizo. Njira yolumikizirana imawonjezera malo olumikizirana ku kapangidwe ka mamolekyu. Unyolo wa mamolekyu wa polima ukalumikizidwa, umakhalabe wotanuka, koma sungadulidwe kwathunthu kukhala madzi osungunuka.
4. Zipangizo zotetezera ndi zotetezera ma conductor
Chitsulo chotchingira cha semi-conductive chimatulutsidwa pamwamba pa kondakitala ndi chotenthetsera kuti chigwirizane ndi mphamvu yamagetsi ndikusunga mphamvu yamagetsi mkati mwa chingwe chotenthetsera. Chitsulochi chili ndi kalasi yaukadaulo ya zinthu zakuda za kaboni kuti chitsulo chotchingira cha chingwe chikhale ndi mphamvu yokhazikika mkati mwa mulingo wofunikira.
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-12-2024