Mapangidwe a chingwe amawoneka ophweka, kwenikweni, chigawo chilichonse chimakhala ndi cholinga chake chofunikira, choncho chigawo chilichonse chiyenera kusankhidwa mosamala popanga chingwe, kuti zitsimikizire kudalirika kwa chingwe chopangidwa ndi zipangizozi panthawi yogwira ntchito.
1. Zinthu za conductor
M'mbuyomu, zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma kondakitala amagetsi zinali zamkuwa ndi aluminiyamu. Sodium inayesedwanso mwachidule. Mkuwa ndi aluminiyamu zimakhala ndi mphamvu zamagetsi zamagetsi, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mkuwa kumakhala kochepa kwambiri potumiza zomwezo, kotero kuti m'mimba mwake yakunja kwa conductor yamkuwa ndi yaying'ono kusiyana ndi ya aluminiyumu. Mtengo wa aluminiyumu ndi wotsika kwambiri kuposa mkuwa. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa kachulukidwe ka mkuwa ndi wamkulu kuposa aluminiyamu, ngakhale mphamvu yonyamulira yomwe ilipo pano ili yofanana, gawo lalikulu la kondakitala wa aluminium ndi lalikulu kuposa la kondakitala wamkuwa, koma chingwe cha aluminiyamu chowongolera chimakhala chopepuka kuposa chingwe cha kondakitala yamkuwa. .
2. Zida zotetezera
Pali zida zambiri zotchingira zomwe zingwe zamagetsi za MV zimatha kugwiritsa ntchito, kuphatikiza zida zotchinjiriza zokhwima mwaukadaulo zomwe zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito bwino kwa zaka zopitilira 100. Masiku ano, kusungunula kwa polymer kwaposachedwa kwavomerezedwa kwambiri. Zida zowonjezera za polima zimaphatikizapo PE (LDPE ndi HDPE), XLPE, WTR-XLPE ndi EPR. Zida izi ndi thermoplastic komanso thermosetting. Zida za thermoplastic zimawonongeka zikatenthedwa, pomwe zida za thermoset zimasunga mawonekedwe ake pakutentha kogwira ntchito.
2.1. Kusungunula mapepala
Kumayambiriro kwa ntchito yawo, zingwe zotsekedwa ndi mapepala zimanyamula katundu wochepa ndipo zimasamalidwa bwino. Komabe, ogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu akupitiriza kupanga chingwe chonyamula katundu wochuluka kwambiri, mikhalidwe yoyambirira yogwiritsira ntchito salinso yoyenera pa zosowa za chingwe chamakono, ndiye kuti chidziwitso choyambirira chabwino sichikhoza kuimira ntchito yamtsogolo ya chingwecho chiyenera kukhala chabwino. . M'zaka zaposachedwapa, zingwe zotsekera mapepala sizinagwiritsidwe ntchito kawirikawiri.
2.2.Zithunzi za PVC
PVC imagwiritsidwabe ntchito ngati zotchingira zingwe zotsika mphamvu za 1kV komanso ndi zida zowotchera. Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito kwa PVC mu kutchinjiriza kwa chingwe kumasinthidwa mwachangu ndi XLPE, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito m'chimake kumasinthidwa mwachangu ndi liniya yotsika kachulukidwe polyethylene (LLDPE), polyethylene yapakatikati (MDPE) kapena polyethylene yapamwamba (HDPE), komanso yopanda mphamvu. -Zingwe za PVC zimakhala ndi ndalama zochepa zozungulira moyo.
2.3. Polyethylene (PE)
Low density polyethylene (LDPE) idapangidwa m'zaka za m'ma 1930s ndipo tsopano imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati utomoni woyambira wa polyethylene (XLPE) ndi mtengo wosagwira madzi wa crosslinked polyethylene (WTR-XLPE). M'chigawo cha thermoplastic, kutentha kwambiri kwa polyethylene ndi 75 ° C, komwe kumakhala kotsika kuposa kutentha kwa zingwe zamapepala (80 ~ 90 ° C). Vutoli lathetsedwa ndi kubwera kwa polyethylene (XLPE), yomwe imatha kukumana kapena kupitilira kutentha kwautumiki wa zingwe zamapepala.
2.4.Polyethylene yolumikizidwa (XLPE)
XLPE ndi thermosetting material yopangidwa posakaniza polyethylene ya low-density (LDPE) ndi crosslinking agent (monga peroxide).
Kutentha kwapamwamba kwa kondakitala wa XLPE insulated chingwe ndi 90 ° C, kuyesa mochulukira mpaka 140 ° C, ndipo kutentha kwafupipafupi kumatha kufika 250 ° C. XLPE ili ndi mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri a dielectric ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito pamagetsi osiyanasiyana. 600V mpaka 500kV.
2.5. Mtengo wosamva madzi a Polyethylene (WTR-XLPE)
Zochitika zamtengo wamadzi zidzachepetsa moyo wautumiki wa chingwe cha XLPE. Pali njira zambiri zochepetsera kukula kwa mitengo yamadzi, koma imodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimavomerezedwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito zida zopangidwa mwapadera zomwe zimalepheretsa kukula kwa mtengo wamadzi, zomwe zimatchedwa mtengo wosagwira madzi wolumikizana ndi polyethylene WTR-XLPE.
2.6. Ethylene propylene rubber (EPR)
EPR ndi thermosetting material yopangidwa ndi ethylene, propylene (nthawi zina monoma wachitatu), ndipo copolymer ya ma monomers atatu amatchedwa ethylene propylene diene rubber (EPDM). Pakutentha kwakukulu, EPR nthawi zonse imakhala yofewa ndipo imakhala ndi kukana kwa corona. Komabe, kutayika kwa dielectric kwa zinthu za EPR ndikokwera kwambiri kuposa kwa XLPE ndi WTR-XLPE.
3. Insulation vulcanization ndondomeko
Njira yolumikizirana ndiyokhazikika pa polima yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kupanga ma polima ophatikizika kumayamba ndi polima ya matrix kenako zokhazikika ndi zophatikizira zimawonjezedwa kuti apange kusakaniza. Njira yophatikizira imawonjezera mfundo zolumikizirana ndi kapangidwe ka maselo. Akalumikizidwa, tcheni cha polima molekyulu chimakhalabe chotanuka, koma sichingadulidwe kwathunthu kuti chisungunuke.
4. Kuteteza kondakitala ndi zipangizo zotetezera
The theka-conductive chitetezero wosanjikiza ndi extruded pamwamba pa kondakitala ndi kutchinjiriza kuti yunifolomu munda magetsi ndi kukhala ndi munda magetsi mu chingwe insulated pachimake. Nkhaniyi ili ndi kalasi ya uinjiniya wa zinthu zakuda za kaboni kuti zithandizire chingwe chotchinga kuti chikwaniritse mawonekedwe okhazikika mkati mwazofunikira.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-12-2024