Chingwe chotchinga (chomwe chimadziwikanso kuti sheath yakunja kapena sheath) ndichosanjikiza chakunja cha chingwe, chingwe cha kuwala, kapena waya, monga chotchinga chofunikira kwambiri mu chingwecho kuteteza chitetezo chamkati, kuteteza chingwe ku kutentha kwakunja, kuzizira, kunyowa, ultraviolet, ozoni, kapena kuwonongeka kwamankhwala ndi makina pakatha komanso pambuyo poika. Chingwe sheathing sikutanthauza kuti m'malo chilimbikitso mkati chingwe, koma angaperekenso mwachilungamo mkulu mlingo wa chitetezo chochepa. Kuphatikiza apo, sheath ya chingwe imathanso kukonza mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe a kondakitala wotsekeka, komanso wosanjikiza wotchinga (ngati alipo), potero kuchepetsa kusokoneza kwa chingwe cha electromagnetic compatibility (EMC). Izi ndizofunikira kuti zitsimikizire kufalikira kwamphamvu, chizindikiro, kapena deta mkati mwa chingwe kapena waya. Sheathing imakhalanso ndi gawo lofunikira pakukhazikika kwa zingwe za kuwala ndi mawaya.
Pali mitundu yambiri ya zida zopangira chingwe, zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ndi -crosslinked polyethylene (XLPE)polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), perfluoroalkoxy resin (PFA), polyurethane (PUR),polyethylene (PE), thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) ndipolyvinyl chloride (PVC), Aliyense ali ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana.
Kusankhidwa kwa zipangizo zopangira chingwe kuyenera kuganizira kusinthasintha kwa chilengedwe ndi kugwirizanitsa ntchito zolumikizira. Mwachitsanzo, malo ozizira kwambiri angafunike chingwe chotchinga chomwe chimakhala chosinthika pakatentha kwambiri. Kusankha zida zoyenera zopangira sheathing ndikofunikira kuti mudziwe chingwe chabwino kwambiri chopangira chilichonse. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa cholinga chomwe chingwe kapena waya ayenera kukwaniritsa komanso zofunikira zomwe ziyenera kukwaniritsa.
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)ndi zinthu zambiri ntchito chingwe sheathing. Amapangidwa ndi utomoni wa polyvinyl chloride, kuwonjezera stabilizer, plasticizer, inorganic fillers monga calcium carbonate, zowonjezera ndi zothira mafuta, ndi zina zotero, kupyolera mu kusakaniza ndi kukanda ndi extrusion. Ili ndi zinthu zabwino zakuthupi, zamakina ndi zamagetsi, pokhala ndi nyengo yabwino yotsutsa komanso kukhazikika kwa mankhwala, imathanso kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yake powonjezera zowonjezera zosiyanasiyana, monga kutentha kwa moto, kukana kutentha ndi zina zotero.
Njira yopanga PVC chingwe m'chimake ndi kuwonjezera PVC particles kwa extruder ndi extrude iwo pansi kutentha ndi kukakamizidwa kupanga tubular chingwe m'chimake.
Ubwino wa jekete ya chingwe ya PVC ndi yotsika mtengo, yosavuta kuyikonza ndikuyiyika, komanso ntchito zambiri. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazingwe zotsika mphamvu, zingwe zoyankhulirana, mawaya omanga ndi madera ena. Komabe, kukana kutentha kwambiri, kukana kuzizira, kukana kwa UV ndi zinthu zina za PVC chingwe chowotcha ndi chofooka, chokhala ndi zinthu zovulaza chilengedwe ndi thupi la munthu, ndipo pali mavuto ambiri akagwiritsidwa ntchito kumalo apadera. Ndi kupititsa patsogolo kuzindikira kwa anthu za chilengedwe komanso kukonza zofunikira pakuchita zinthu, zofunikira za PVC zakhazikitsidwa. Choncho, m'madera ena apadera, monga ndege, zamlengalenga, mphamvu za nyukiliya ndi zina, PVC chingwe sheathing ntchito mosamala.
Polyethylene (PE)ndi wamba chingwe m'chimake chuma. Ili ndi zida zabwino zamakina komanso kukhazikika kwamankhwala, ndipo imakhala ndi kutentha kwabwino, kukana kuzizira komanso kukana kwanyengo. PE chingwe sheath akhoza kusintha powonjezera zina, monga antioxidants, UV absorbers, etc.
Njira yopangira PE chingwe m'chimake ndi yofanana ndi ya PVC, ndi particles PE amawonjezeredwa ku extruder ndi extruded pansi kutentha ndi kukakamizidwa kupanga tubular chingwe m'chimake.
PE chingwe m'chimake ali ubwino wabwino chilengedwe kukana kukalamba ndi UV kukana, pamene mtengo ndi otsika, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito zingwe kuwala, otsika voteji zingwe, zingwe kulankhulana, zingwe migodi ndi zina. Cross-linked Polyethylene (XLPE) ndi chingwe sheath chuma ndi mkulu mphamvu zamagetsi ndi makina. Amapangidwa ndi zinthu zolumikizirana ndi polyethylene pa kutentha kwakukulu. Kuphatikizikako kumapangitsa kuti zinthu za polyethylene zikhale zokhala ndi maukonde atatu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso kutentha kwambiri. XLPE chingwe sheathing chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'munda wa mkulu voteji zingwe, monga kufala mizere, substations, etc. Iwo ali katundu kwambiri magetsi, mphamvu mawotchi ndi bata mankhwala, komanso ali kwambiri kutentha kukana ndi kukana nyengo.
Polyurethane (PUR)amatanthauza gulu la mapulasitiki opangidwa kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1930. Amapangidwa ndi njira yamankhwala yotchedwa Kuwonjezera polymerization. Zopangira zake nthawi zambiri zimakhala mafuta, koma zinthu zobzala monga mbatata, chimanga kapena ma beets a shuga zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga. PUR ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. Ndi zinthu za elastomer zokhala ndi kukana kwabwino kwa kuvala, kukana kukalamba, kukana kwamafuta ndi asidi ndi kukana kwa alkali, kukhala ndi mphamvu zamakina abwino komanso zotanuka kuchira. Chingwe cha PUR chikhoza kupangidwa bwino powonjezera zowonjezera zina, monga zoletsa moto, othandizira kutentha kwambiri, ndi zina zotero.
Njira yopangira PUR chingwe sheath ndikuwonjezera tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta PUR ku extruder ndikuwatulutsa pansi pa kutentha kwakukulu ndi kukakamizidwa kuti apange chingwe cha tubular. Polyurethane ili ndi zida zabwino zamakina.
Zinthuzo zimakhala ndi kukana kwabwino kwa kuvala, kukana kudula ndi kugwetsa misozi, ndipo zimakhala zosinthika kwambiri ngakhale kutentha kochepa. Izi zimapangitsa PUR kukhala yoyenera kwambiri pamapulogalamu omwe amafunikira kuyenda kosunthika komanso kupindika, monga maunyolo okoka. Pakugwiritsa ntchito kwa robotic, zingwe zokhala ndi PUR sheathing zimatha kupirira mamiliyoni ozungulira kuzungulira kapena mphamvu zolimba zamphamvu popanda zovuta. PUR imakhalanso ndi mphamvu yotsutsa mafuta, zosungunulira ndi cheza cha ultraviolet. Kuphatikiza apo, kutengera kapangidwe kazinthuzo, ndizopanda halogen komanso zowotcha moto, zomwe ndizofunikira pazingwe zomwe zili ndi UL certified ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ku United States. Zingwe za PUR zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga makina ndi fakitale, makina opanga mafakitale, komanso makampani amagalimoto.
Ngakhale kuti chingwe cha PUR sheath chili ndi zinthu zabwino zakuthupi, zamakina ndi mankhwala, mtengo wake ndi wokwera kwambiri ndipo siwoyenera pazochitika zotsika mtengo, zopanga zambiri.
Polyurethane thermoplastic elastomer (TPU)ndi ambiri ntchito chingwe sheathing zakuthupi. Osiyana ndi polyurethane elastomer (PUR), TPU ndi zinthu thermoplastic ndi processing wabwino ndi plasticity.
TPU chingwe m'chimake ali wabwino kuvala kukana, mafuta kukana, asidi ndi alkali kukana ndi kukana nyengo, ndipo ali ndi mphamvu makina abwino ndi zotanuka kuchira ntchito, amene angagwirizane ndi zovuta makina kayendedwe ndi kugwedera chilengedwe.
TPU chingwe sheath amapangidwa powonjezera TPU particles kwa extruder ndi extruder iwo pansi kutentha ndi kukakamizidwa kupanga tubular chingwe m'chimake.
TPU chingwe sheathing chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zokha mafakitale, zida zida makina, kayendedwe ka kayendedwe, maloboti ndi madera ena, komanso magalimoto, zombo ndi madera ena. Ili ndi kukana kwabwino kwa kuvala komanso magwiridwe antchito otanuka, imatha kuteteza chingwecho, komanso imakhala ndi kukana kwambiri kwa kutentha komanso kutsika kwa kutentha.
Poyerekeza ndi PUR, TPU chingwe sheathing ali ndi ubwino processing ntchito bwino ndi plasticity, amene angagwirizane ndi kukula kwa chingwe ndi zofunika mawonekedwe. Komabe, mtengo wa TPU chingwe sheathing ndi wokwera kwambiri, ndipo siwoyenera pa nthawi zotsika mtengo, zopanga zambiri.
Mpira wa silicone (PU)ndi ambiri ntchito chingwe sheathing zakuthupi. Ndi organic polima zakuthupi, zomwe zimatanthawuza unyolo waukulu wopangidwa ndi silicon ndi maatomu okosijeni mosinthana, ndipo atomu ya silicon nthawi zambiri imalumikizidwa ndi magulu awiri a mphira. Raba wamba wa silikoni umapangidwa makamaka ndi unyolo wa silikoni wokhala ndi magulu a methyl ndi ma vinilu ochepa. Kumayambiriro kwa gulu la phenyl kumatha kusintha kutentha kwapamwamba komanso kotsika kwa mphira wa silikoni, ndipo kukhazikitsidwa kwa gulu la trifluoropropyl ndi cyanide kumatha kusintha kukana kwa kutentha ndi kukana kwamafuta a mphira wa silikoni. PU imakhala ndi kukana kutentha kwambiri, kukana kuzizira komanso kukana kwa okosijeni, komanso imakhala ndi kufewa kwabwino komanso kuchira zotanuka. Silicone rabara chingwe sheath imatha kusintha magwiridwe ake powonjezera zowonjezera zina, monga zoletsa kuvala, zolimbana ndi mafuta, ndi zina.
Njira yopanga silicone mphira chingwe m'chimake ndi kuwonjezera silikoni mphira osakaniza ndi extruder ndi extrude pansi kutentha ndi kukakamizidwa kupanga tubular chingwe m'chimake. Silicone rabara chingwe sheath chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kutentha ndi kuthamanga kwambiri, zofunika kukana nyengo, monga zakuthambo, zomera mphamvu nyukiliya, petrochemical, asilikali ndi madera ena.
Ili ndi kukana kwabwino kwa kutentha kwapamwamba komanso kukana kwa okosijeni, imatha kugwira ntchito mokhazikika pakutentha kwambiri, kuthamanga kwambiri, malo owononga dzimbiri, komanso imakhala ndi mphamvu zamakina komanso magwiridwe antchito zotanuka, imatha kuzolowera kusuntha kwamakina ndi chilengedwe chogwedezeka.
Poyerekeza ndi zida zina zowotchera chingwe, chingwe cha silicone cha rabara chimakhala ndi kukana kutentha kwambiri komanso kukana kwa okosijeni, komanso chimakhala ndi kufewa kwabwino komanso magwiridwe antchito a zotanuka, oyenera malo ogwirira ntchito ovuta. Komabe, mtengo wa mphira ya silicone sheath ndiyokwera kwambiri, ndipo si yoyenera pamisonkhano yotsika mtengo, yopanga misa.
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)ndi zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, zomwe zimadziwikanso kuti polytetrafluoroethylene. Ndi zinthu za polima zokhala ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri, kukana kutentha kwambiri komanso kukana kwa mankhwala, ndipo zimatha kugwira ntchito mokhazikika pakutentha kwambiri, kupanikizika kwambiri komanso malo amphamvu a dzimbiri. Kuphatikiza apo, mapulasitiki a fluorine amakhalanso ndi zinthu zabwino zoletsa moto komanso kukana kuvala.
Njira yopanga fluorine pulasitiki chingwe m'chimake ndi kuwonjezera fluorine pulasitiki particles kwa extruder ndi extrude iwo pansi kutentha ndi kukakamizidwa kupanga tubular chingwe m'chimake.
Fluorine pulasitiki chingwe sheath chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri muzamlengalenga, nyukiliya magetsi, petrochemical ndi minda ena apamwamba mapeto, komanso semiconductors, kuwala mauthenga ndi zina. Ili ndi kukana kwambiri kwa dzimbiri komanso kukana kutentha kwambiri, imatha kugwira ntchito mokhazikika pakutentha kwambiri, kuthamanga kwambiri, chilengedwe champhamvu chambiri kwa nthawi yayitali, komanso imakhala ndi mphamvu zamakina abwino komanso magwiridwe antchito zotanuka, imatha kuzolowera kusuntha kwamakina ndi kugwedezeka.
Poyerekeza ndi zida zina zam'chingwe, chingwe cha pulasitiki cha fluorine chimakhala ndi kukana kwa dzimbiri komanso kukana kutentha kwambiri, koyenera kumalo ogwirira ntchito kwambiri. Komabe, mtengo wa fluorine pulasitiki chingwe sheath ndi wokwera kwambiri, ndipo siwoyenera pa nthawi zotsika mtengo, zopanga zambiri.
Nthawi yotumiza: Oct-14-2024