Chigoba cha chingwe (chomwe chimadziwikanso kuti chigoba chakunja kapena chigoba) ndi gawo lakunja la chingwe, chingwe chowunikira, kapena waya, monga chotchinga chofunikira kwambiri mu chingwe choteteza chitetezo chamkati, kuteteza chingwe ku kutentha kwakunja, kuzizira, kunyowa, ultraviolet, ozone, kapena kuwonongeka kwa mankhwala ndi makina panthawi yoyika komanso pambuyo pake. Kuphimba chingwe sikuli koyenera kusintha cholimbitsa mkati mwa chingwe, koma kungaperekenso chitetezo chochepa. Kuphatikiza apo, chigoba cha chingwe chingakonzenso mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe a kondakitala wosweka, komanso gawo loteteza (ngati lilipo), potero kuchepetsa kusokoneza kwa kugwirizanitsa kwa electromagnetic kwa chingwe (EMC). Izi ndizofunikira kuti zitsimikizire kutumiza kosalekeza kwa mphamvu, chizindikiro, kapena deta mkati mwa chingwe kapena waya. Kuphimba chingwe kumachitanso gawo lofunikira pakulimba kwa zigoba ndi mawaya owunikira.
Pali mitundu yambiri ya zipangizo za m'chimake cha chingwe, zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi izi:polyethylene yolumikizidwa (XLPE), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), perfluoroalkoxy resin (PFA), polyurethane (PUR),polyethylene (PE), thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) ndipolyvinyl chloride (PVC), Aliyense ali ndi makhalidwe osiyana a ntchito.
Kusankha zipangizo zopangira chingwe chotchingira kuyenera kuganizira kaye momwe zinthu zimakhalira komanso momwe zinthuzo zimagwirizanirana ndi chilengedwe komanso momwe zinthu zolumikizira zimagwirizanirana. Mwachitsanzo, malo ozizira kwambiri angafunike chingwe chotchingira chomwe chimakhala chosinthasintha kutentha kochepa kwambiri. Kusankha zinthu zoyenera zotchingira denga ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti mudziwe chingwe chabwino kwambiri cha kuwala pa ntchito iliyonse. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kumvetsetsa cholinga chenicheni chomwe chingwe chotchingira kapena waya chiyenera kukwaniritsa komanso zofunikira zomwe chiyenera kukwaniritsa.
Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC)ndi chinthu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popangira chingwe. Chimapangidwa ndi utomoni wochokera ku polyvinyl chloride, kuwonjezera chokhazikika, pulasitiki, zodzaza zinthu monga calcium carbonate, zowonjezera ndi mafuta, ndi zina zotero, kudzera mu kusakaniza, kukanda ndi kutulutsa. Chili ndi mphamvu zabwino zakuthupi, zamakanika komanso zamagetsi, ngakhale chili ndi kukana kwabwino kwa nyengo komanso kukhazikika kwa mankhwala, chingathandizenso kukonza magwiridwe ake powonjezera zowonjezera zosiyanasiyana, monga choletsa moto, kukana kutentha ndi zina zotero.
Njira yopangira chivundikiro cha chingwe cha PVC ndikuwonjezera tinthu ta PVC ku chotulutsira ndikuchitulutsa pansi pa kutentha kwakukulu komanso kupanikizika kuti apange chivundikiro cha chingwe cha tubular.
Ubwino wa jekete la chingwe la PVC ndi wotsika mtengo, wosavuta kukonza ndikuyika, komanso ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri limagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zingwe zotsika mphamvu, zingwe zolumikizirana, mawaya omangira ndi zina. Komabe, kukana kutentha kwambiri, kukana kuzizira, kukana kwa UV ndi zina zomwe PVC cable sheathing ndizofooka, zimakhala ndi zinthu zovulaza chilengedwe ndi thupi la munthu, ndipo pali mavuto ambiri akagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo apadera. Chifukwa cha kukulitsa chidziwitso cha anthu pazachilengedwe komanso kusintha kwa zofunikira pakugwira ntchito kwa zinthu, zofunikira zapamwamba zaperekedwa patsogolo pa zipangizo za PVC. Chifukwa chake, m'malo ena apadera, monga ndege, ndege, mphamvu za nyukiliya ndi zina, PVC cable sheathing imagwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala.
Polyethylene (PE)ndi chinthu chofala kwambiri chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga chivundikiro cha chingwe. Chili ndi mphamvu zabwino zamakanika komanso kukhazikika kwa mankhwala, komanso chimakhala cholimba kutentha, kuzizira komanso kukana nyengo. Chivundikiro cha chingwe cha PE chingawongoleredwe powonjezera zowonjezera, monga ma antioxidants, ma UV absorbers, ndi zina zotero.
Njira yopangira chidebe cha chingwe cha PE ndi yofanana ndi ya PVC, ndipo tinthu ta PE timawonjezedwa ku chotulutsira ndikutulutsidwa pansi pa kutentha kwakukulu ndi kupanikizika kuti tipange chidebe cha chingwe cha tubular.
Chigoba cha chingwe cha PE chili ndi ubwino wokana kukalamba kwa chilengedwe komanso kukana kwa UV, pomwe mtengo wake ndi wotsika, womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu zingwe zowala, zingwe zotsika mphamvu zamagetsi, zingwe zolumikizirana, zingwe zamigodi ndi zina. Polyethylene yolumikizidwa ndi Cross-linked (XLPE) ndi chipangizo cha chingwe cholumikizidwa ndi mphamvu zamagetsi komanso zamakanika. Chimapangidwa ndi zinthu za polyethylene zolumikizirana pa kutentha kwambiri. Kulumikizana kwa crosslinking kungapangitse kuti zinthu za polyethylene zikhale ndi kapangidwe ka netiweki ya magawo atatu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale ndi mphamvu zambiri komanso kukana kutentha kwambiri. Chigoba cha chingwe cha XLPE chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'munda wa zingwe zothamanga kwambiri, monga mizere yotumizira, malo osinthira magetsi, ndi zina zotero. Chili ndi mphamvu zamagetsi zabwino kwambiri, mphamvu zamakanika komanso kukhazikika kwa mankhwala, komanso chimakhala ndi kukana kutentha komanso kukana nyengo.
Polyurethane (PUR)amatanthauza gulu la mapulasitiki omwe adapangidwa kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1930. Amapangidwa ndi njira ya mankhwala yotchedwa addition polymerization. Zipangizo zopangira nthawi zambiri zimakhala mafuta, koma zinthu za zomera monga mbatata, chimanga kapena beets zingagwiritsidwenso ntchito popanga. PUR ndi chinthu chogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga chingwe. Ndi chinthu cholimba cha elastomer chomwe chimakhala cholimba kwambiri pakuwonongeka, kukana ukalamba, kukana mafuta komanso kukana asidi ndi alkali, pomwe chili ndi mphamvu yabwino yamakina komanso mphamvu zobwezeretsanso zotanuka. Chingwe cha PUR chingawongoleredwe powonjezera zowonjezera zosiyanasiyana, monga zoletsa moto, zinthu zoletsa kutentha kwambiri, ndi zina zotero.
Njira yopangira chingwe cha PUR ndikuwonjezera tinthu ta PUR ku chotulutsira ndikuchitulutsa pansi pa kutentha kwakukulu komanso kupanikizika kuti apange chingwe cha tubular. Polyurethane ili ndi mphamvu zabwino kwambiri zamakaniko.
Zipangizozi zimakhala ndi mphamvu yolimba yolimbana ndi kutopa, kukana kudula ndi kung'ambika, ndipo zimakhala zosinthasintha kwambiri ngakhale kutentha kochepa. Izi zimapangitsa kuti PUR ikhale yoyenera kwambiri pa ntchito zomwe zimafuna kuyenda ndi kupindika kwamphamvu, monga kukoka maunyolo. Mu ntchito za robotic, zingwe zokhala ndi PUR sheathing zimatha kupirira mafunde ambirimbiri opindika kapena mphamvu zamphamvu zozungulira popanda mavuto. PUR imalimbananso ndi mafuta, zosungunulira ndi kuwala kwa ultraviolet. Kuphatikiza apo, kutengera kapangidwe ka chipangizocho, sichili ndi halogen komanso sichimaletsa moto, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pa zingwe zomwe zili ndi satifiketi ya UL ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ku United States. Zingwe za PUR zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pomanga makina ndi mafakitale, automation yamafakitale, komanso makampani opanga magalimoto.
Ngakhale kuti chingwe cha PUR chili ndi mphamvu zabwino zakuthupi, zamakanika komanso zamakemikolo, mtengo wake ndi wokwera ndipo siwoyenera pazochitika zotsika mtengo komanso zopanga zinthu zambiri.
Elastomer ya polyurethane thermoplastic (TPU)ndi chinthu chogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pophimba chingwe. Mosiyana ndi polyurethane elastomer (PUR), TPU ndi chinthu chopangidwa ndi thermoplastic chomwe chimatha kukonzedwa bwino komanso kupangidwa bwino.
Chingwe cha TPU chili ndi kukana kwabwino kwa kuwonongeka, kukana mafuta, kukana asidi ndi alkali komanso kukana nyengo, ndipo chili ndi mphamvu yabwino ya makina komanso kuchira kosinthika, komwe kumatha kusintha malinga ndi mayendedwe ovuta a makina komanso malo ogwedezeka.
Chigoba cha chingwe cha TPU chimapangidwa powonjezera tinthu ta TPU ku chotulutsira madzi ndikuchitulutsa pansi pa kutentha kwakukulu komanso kupanikizika kuti apange chigoba cha chingwe cha tubular.
Chigoba cha chingwe cha TPU chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu automation yamafakitale, zida zamakina, makina owongolera mayendedwe, maloboti ndi madera ena, komanso magalimoto, zombo ndi madera ena. Chimateteza bwino kuwonongeka kwa chingwe komanso chimagwira ntchito bwino pobwezeretsa elasticity, chimatha kuteteza chingwe bwino, komanso chimakhala ndi kukana kutentha kwambiri komanso kukana kutentha kochepa.
Poyerekeza ndi PUR, TPU cable sheathing ili ndi ubwino wokhala ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino komanso pulasitiki, zomwe zimatha kusintha kukula kwa chingwe ndi mawonekedwe ake. Komabe, mtengo wa TPU cable sheathing ndi wokwera, ndipo siwoyenera pazochitika zotsika mtengo komanso zopanga zinthu zambiri.
Rabala ya silikoni (PU)ndi chinthu chogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri poika zingwe. Ndi chinthu cha organic polymer, chomwe chimatanthauza unyolo waukulu wopangidwa ndi maatomu a silicon ndi okosijeni mosinthana, ndipo atomu ya silicon nthawi zambiri imalumikizidwa ndi magulu awiri a organic a rabara. Rabara wamba wa silicone nthawi zambiri umapangidwa ndi unyolo wa silicone wokhala ndi magulu a methyl ndi vinyl yaying'ono. Kuyambitsidwa kwa gulu la phenyl kumatha kukulitsa kukana kutentha kwambiri komanso kotsika kwa rabara ya silicone, ndipo kuyambitsidwa kwa gulu la trifluoropropyl ndi cyanide kumatha kukulitsa kukana kutentha ndi kukana mafuta kwa rabara ya silicone. PU ili ndi kukana kutentha kwambiri, kukana kuzizira komanso kukana okosijeni, komanso ili ndi kufewa bwino komanso mphamvu zobwezeretsanso zotanuka. Chingwe cha rabara cha silicone chingawongolere magwiridwe ake powonjezera zowonjezera zosiyanasiyana, monga zinthu zoteteza kukalamba, zinthu zoteteza mafuta, ndi zina zotero.
Njira yopangira chivundikiro cha chingwe cha silicone ndikuwonjezera chisakanizo cha silicone ku extruder ndikuchitulutsa pansi pa kutentha kwakukulu ndi kupanikizika kuti apange chivundikiro cha chingwe cha tubular. Chivundikiro cha chingwe cha silicone chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa kutentha kwakukulu ndi kupanikizika kwakukulu, kukana nyengo, monga ndege, magetsi a nyukiliya, petrochemical, asilikali ndi zina.
Ili ndi kukana kutentha kwambiri komanso kukana okosijeni, imatha kugwira ntchito bwino pamalo otentha kwambiri, opanikizika kwambiri, komanso malo amphamvu otupa, komanso ili ndi mphamvu yabwino yamakina komanso magwiridwe antchito obwezeretsa elasticity, imatha kusintha mayendedwe ovuta amakina komanso malo ogwedezeka.
Poyerekeza ndi zipangizo zina zotchingira chingwe, chotchingira chingwe cha silicone chimakhala ndi kukana kutentha kwambiri komanso kukana okosijeni, komanso chimakhala chofewa bwino komanso chobwezeretsa bwino, choyenera malo ovuta kugwira ntchito. Komabe, mtengo wa chotchingira chingwe cha silicone ndi wokwera kwambiri, ndipo sichiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazochitika zotsika mtengo komanso zopanga zinthu zambiri.
Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)ndi chinthu chogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chotchingira chingwe, chomwe chimadziwikanso kuti polytetrafluoroethylene. Ndi chinthu cha polima chomwe chimalimbana ndi dzimbiri, kutentha kwambiri komanso mankhwala, ndipo chimatha kugwira ntchito bwino m'malo otentha kwambiri, kuthamanga kwambiri komanso m'malo amphamvu a dzimbiri. Kuphatikiza apo, mapulasitiki a fluorine alinso ndi mphamvu zabwino zoletsa moto komanso kukana kuwonongeka.
Njira yopangira chivundikiro cha chingwe cha pulasitiki cha fluorine ndi kuwonjezera tinthu ta pulasitiki ta fluorine ku chotulutsira ndikuchitulutsa pansi pa kutentha kwakukulu ndi kupanikizika kuti apange chivundikiro cha chingwe cha tubular.
Chingwe cha pulasitiki cha fluorine chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumlengalenga, mafakitale amagetsi a nyukiliya, petrochemical ndi malo ena apamwamba, komanso ma semiconductors, kulumikizana kwa kuwala ndi malo ena. Chimalimbana bwino ndi dzimbiri komanso kutentha kwambiri, chimatha kugwira ntchito mokhazikika pamalo otentha kwambiri, opanikizika kwambiri, komanso malo amphamvu oundana kwa nthawi yayitali, komanso chimakhala ndi mphamvu yabwino yamakina komanso magwiridwe antchito obwezeretsa elasticity, chimatha kusintha mayendedwe ovuta amakina komanso malo ogwedezeka.
Poyerekeza ndi zipangizo zina za chivundikiro cha chingwe, chivundikiro cha chingwe cha pulasitiki cha fluorine chili ndi kukana dzimbiri kwambiri komanso kukana kutentha kwambiri, choyenera malo ogwirira ntchito ovuta kwambiri. Komabe, mtengo wa chivundikiro cha chingwe cha pulasitiki cha fluorine ndi wokwera kwambiri, ndipo siwoyenera pazochitika zotsika mtengo komanso zopanga zinthu zambiri.
Nthawi yotumizira: Okutobala-14-2024