M'zaka zaposachedwapa, makampani opanga magetsi ku China apita patsogolo kwambiri, zomwe zapangitsa kuti pakhale kupita patsogolo kwakukulu paukadaulo ndi kasamalidwe. Zinthu monga magetsi amphamvu kwambiri komanso ukadaulo wofunikira kwambiri zapangitsa kuti China ikhale mtsogoleri padziko lonse lapansi. Kupita patsogolo kwakukulu kwachitika kuyambira pakukonzekera kapena kumanga komanso pamlingo woyendetsera ntchito ndi kukonza.
Pamene makampani amagetsi, mafuta, mankhwala, mayendedwe a sitima zapamtunda, magalimoto, ndi zombo ku China akukula mofulumira, makamaka chifukwa cha kusintha kwa gridi, kuyambitsa motsatizana kwa mapulojekiti amphamvu kwambiri, komanso kusintha kwa kupanga mawaya ndi zingwe ku Asia-Pacific komwe kumayang'ana China, msika wa waya ndi zingwe wakula mofulumira.
Gawo lopanga mawaya ndi mawaya lakhala lalikulu kwambiri pakati pa magawo opitilira makumi awiri amakampani amagetsi ndi zamagetsi, lomwe limawerengera gawo limodzi mwa magawo anayi a gawoli.
I. Gawo Lokula la Kukula kwa Makampani Ogwiritsa Ntchito Mawaya ndi Zingwe
Kusintha pang'ono kwa chitukuko cha makampani opanga mawayilesi ku China m'zaka zaposachedwapa kukusonyeza kusintha kuchoka pa nthawi yakukula mwachangu kupita ku nthawi yokhwima:
- Kukhazikika kwa kufunikira kwa msika ndi kuchepa kwa kukula kwa mafakitale, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti njira zopangira zinthu ndi njira zodziwika bwino zikhazikitsidwe, popanda ukadaulo wosokoneza kapena wosintha zinthu.
- Kuyang'aniridwa kokhwima ndi akuluakulu oyenerera, pamodzi ndi kutsindika pa kukweza khalidwe ndi kumanga dzina la kampani, kukutsogolerani ku zolimbikitsa zabwino pamsika.
- Zotsatira zophatikizana za zinthu zakunja ndi zamkati mwa makampani zapangitsa mabizinesi otsatira malamulo kuti aziika patsogolo khalidwe ndi kudziwika kwa makampani, zomwe zikuwonetsa bwino chuma chambiri mkati mwa gawoli.
– Zofunikira kuti munthu alowe mumakampani, zovuta zaukadaulo, komanso mphamvu ya ndalama zawonjezeka, zomwe zapangitsa kuti makampani azisiyana. Zotsatira za Matthew zaonekera bwino pakati pa makampani otsogola, ndi kuchuluka kwa makampani ofooka omwe akutuluka pamsika komanso kuchepa kwa makampani atsopano. Kuphatikizana ndi kukonzanso makampani kukuyamba kugwira ntchito kwambiri.
– Malinga ndi deta yomwe yafufuzidwa komanso yotsatiridwa, gawo la ndalama zomwe makampani omwe ali ndi ma cable amapeza m'makampani onse lakhala likuwonjezeka chaka ndi chaka.
– M'magawo apadera a mafakitale omwe ali ndi malo abwino ogwirira ntchito limodzi, atsogoleri amakampani sikuti akungowona kuchuluka kwa msika kokha, komanso mpikisano wawo wapadziko lonse wakulanso.
II. Zochitika pa Kusintha kwa Chitukuko
Kuthekera kwa Msika
Mu 2022, magetsi onse omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mdziko lonse adafika pa 863.72 biliyoni ma kilowatt-hours, zomwe zikutanthauza kukula kwa chaka ndi chaka kwa 3.6%.
Kugawika kwa makampani:
- Kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi kwakukulu m'mafakitale: 114.6 biliyoni kilowatt-hours, kuwonjezeka ndi 10.4%.
– Kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi m'mafakitale ena: maola 57,001 biliyoni a kilowatt, kuwonjezeka ndi 1.2%.
– Kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi m'makampani apamwamba: ma kilowatt-hours 14,859 biliyoni, kuwonjezeka ndi 4.4%.
– Anthu okhala m'mizinda ndi m'midzi amagwiritsa ntchito magetsi: 13,366 biliyoni kilowatt-hours, zomwe zakwera ndi 13.8%.
Pofika kumapeto kwa Disembala 2022, mphamvu zopangira magetsi zomwe dzikolo linakhazikitsa zinafika pafupifupi ma kilowatts 2.56 biliyoni, zomwe zikutanthauza kukula kwa 7.8% chaka ndi chaka.
Mu 2022, mphamvu zonse zomwe zidayikidwa zamagetsi zongowonjezwdwanso zidapitilira ma kilowatts 1.2 biliyoni, ndipo magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi, mphamvu ya mphepo, mphamvu ya dzuwa, ndi mphamvu zopangira biomass zonse zidayikidwa pamalo oyamba padziko lonse lapansi.
Makamaka, mphamvu ya mphepo inali pafupifupi ma kilowatts 370 miliyoni, yomwe inakwera ndi 11.2% pachaka, pomwe mphamvu ya dzuwa inali pafupifupi ma kilowatts 390 miliyoni, zomwe zikutanthauza kuwonjezeka kwa 28.1% pachaka.
Kuthekera kwa Msika
Mu 2022, magetsi onse omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mdziko lonse adafika pa 863.72 biliyoni ma kilowatt-hours, zomwe zikutanthauza kukula kwa chaka ndi chaka kwa 3.6%.
Kugawika kwa makampani:
- Kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi kwakukulu m'mafakitale: 114.6 biliyoni kilowatt-hours, kuwonjezeka ndi 10.4%.
– Kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi m'mafakitale ena: maola 57,001 biliyoni a kilowatt, kuwonjezeka ndi 1.2%.
– Kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi m'makampani apamwamba: ma kilowatt-hours 14,859 biliyoni, kuwonjezeka ndi 4.4%.
– Anthu okhala m'mizinda ndi m'midzi amagwiritsa ntchito magetsi: 13,366 biliyoni kilowatt-hours, zomwe zakwera ndi 13.8%.
Pofika kumapeto kwa Disembala 2022, mphamvu zopangira magetsi zomwe dzikolo linakhazikitsa zinafika pafupifupi ma kilowatts 2.56 biliyoni, zomwe zikutanthauza kukula kwa 7.8% chaka ndi chaka.
Mu 2022, mphamvu zonse zomwe zidayikidwa zamagetsi zongowonjezwdwanso zidapitilira ma kilowatts 1.2 biliyoni, ndipo magetsi opangidwa ndi madzi, mphamvu ya mphepo, mphamvu ya dzuwa, ndi mphamvu zopangira biomass zonse zidayikidwa pamalo oyamba padziko lonse lapansi.
Makamaka, mphamvu ya mphepo inali pafupifupi ma kilowatts 370 miliyoni, yomwe inakwera ndi 11.2% pachaka, pomwe mphamvu ya dzuwa inali pafupifupi ma kilowatts 390 miliyoni, zomwe zikutanthauza kuwonjezeka kwa 28.1% pachaka.
Mkhalidwe wa Ndalama
Mu 2022, ndalama zomwe zimayikidwa mu ntchito yomanga gridi zinafika pa 501.2 biliyoni yuan, zomwe zikutanthauza kuwonjezeka kwa 2.0% pachaka.
Makampani akuluakulu opanga magetsi mdziko lonse adamaliza ndalama zomwe adayika mu mapulojekiti opanga magetsi okwana 720.8 biliyoni ya yuan, zomwe zikusonyeza kuwonjezeka kwa 22.8% pachaka. Pakati pa izi, ndalama zomwe zidayikidwa mu mphamvu zamagetsi zinali 86.3 biliyoni ya yuan, zomwe zidatsika ndi 26.5% pachaka; ndalama zomwe zidayikidwa mu mphamvu zamagetsi zinali 90.9 biliyoni ya yuan, zomwe zidakwera ndi 28.4% pachaka; ndalama zomwe zidayikidwa mu mphamvu zamagetsi zinali 67.7 biliyoni ya yuan, zomwe zidakwera ndi 25.7% pachaka.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, motsogozedwa ndi "Belt and Road", China yakulitsa kwambiri ndalama zake mu mphamvu za ku Africa, zomwe zapangitsa kuti mgwirizano wa China ndi Africa ukhale wokulirapo komanso kuti pakhale mwayi watsopano womwe sunachitikepo. Komabe, njirazi zimakhudzanso nkhani zandale, zachuma, komanso zachikhalidwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zoopsa zambiri kuchokera mbali zosiyanasiyana.
Chiyembekezo cha Msika
Pakadali pano, madipatimenti oyenerera apereka zolinga zina za "Ndondomeko ya Zaka Zisanu ya 14" pakupanga mphamvu ndi mphamvu, komanso ndondomeko yogwirira ntchito ya "Internet+". Malangizo okonza ma gridi anzeru ndi mapulani osinthira netiweki yogawa nawonso ayambitsidwa.
Maziko abwino azachuma a ku China omwe akhalapo kwa nthawi yayitali sanasinthe, amadziwika ndi kulimba mtima pazachuma, kuthekera kwakukulu, malo okwanira owongolera, chithandizo chokhazikika cha kukula, komanso njira yopitira patsogolo yokonzanso kapangidwe kazachuma.
Pofika chaka cha 2023, mphamvu zopangira magetsi ku China zikuyembekezeka kufika pa ma kilowatts 2.55 biliyoni, kufika pa ma kilowatts-hours 2.8 biliyoni pofika chaka cha 2025.
Kusanthula kukusonyeza kuti makampani opanga magetsi ku China apita patsogolo mofulumira m'zaka zaposachedwa, ndipo makampani ambiri akukula kwambiri. Mothandizidwa ndi ukadaulo watsopano monga 5G ndi Internet of Things (IoT), makampani opanga magetsi ku China alowa mu gawo latsopano la kusintha ndi kukweza.
Mavuto a Chitukuko
Kukula kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphamvu ku China m'makampani atsopano amagetsi kukuonekera bwino, pomwe mphamvu zachikhalidwe za mphepo ndi maziko a photovoltaic zimagawikana kwambiri kukhala malo osungira mphamvu, mphamvu ya haidrojeni, ndi magawo ena, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale njira yogwirizana ndi mphamvu zambiri. Kukula konse kwa zomangamanga zamadzi si kwakukulu, makamaka kuyang'ana kwambiri malo osungira magetsi opompedwa, pomwe kumanga ma gridi amagetsi mdziko lonselo kukuwonetsa kukula kwatsopano.
Kukula kwa magetsi ku China kwalowa mu nthawi yofunika kwambiri yosintha njira, kusintha kapangidwe kake, ndi kusintha magwero amagetsi. Ngakhale kuti kusintha kwakukulu kwa magetsi kwapita patsogolo kwambiri, gawo lomwe likubwera la kusinthali lidzakumana ndi mavuto akulu komanso zopinga zazikulu.
Ndi chitukuko champhamvu chachangu cha China komanso kusintha ndi kukweza komwe kukuchitika, kukulitsa kwakukulu kwa gridi yamagetsi, kuchuluka kwa magetsi, kuchuluka kwa mayunitsi opanga magetsi amphamvu komanso amphamvu kwambiri, komanso kuphatikiza kwakukulu kwa magetsi atsopano mu gridi zonsezi zikutsogolera ku kasinthidwe kovuta ka makina amagetsi ndi machitidwe ogwirira ntchito.
Makamaka, kuwonjezeka kwa zoopsa zomwe sizinali zachikhalidwe zomwe zimadza chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo watsopano monga ukadaulo wazidziwitso kwakweza zofunikira kwambiri pakuthandizira makina, kuthekera kosamutsa, ndi kuthekera kosintha, zomwe zikubweretsa zovuta zazikulu pakugwira ntchito bwino komanso kokhazikika kwa makina amagetsi.
Nthawi yotumizira: Sep-01-2023