Pankhani ya kutentha kovomerezeka kwa nthawi yayitali pamakina a chingwe, kutsekemera kwa mphira kumayikidwa pa 65 ° C, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) insulation pa 70 ° C, ndi cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) insulation pa 90 ° C. Kwa maulendo afupiafupi (otalika osapitirira masekondi 5), kutentha kovomerezeka kwapamwamba kwambiri ndi 160 ° C kwa PVC insulation ndi 250 ° C kwa XLPE insulation.
I. Kusiyana pakati pa XLPE Cables ndi PVC Cables
1. Zingwe za Low Voltage Cross-Linked (XLPE), kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1990, zakhala zikuchitika mofulumira, zomwe tsopano zikuwerengera theka la msika pamodzi ndi zingwe za Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC). Poyerekeza ndi zingwe za PVC, zingwe za XLPE zimakhala ndi mphamvu zonyamulira zamakono zapamwamba, mphamvu zochulukira kwambiri, komanso moyo wautali (utali wamoyo wa PVC wotentha nthawi zambiri umakhala zaka 20 pansi pamikhalidwe yabwino, pomwe chingwe cha XLPE nthawi zambiri chimakhala zaka 40). Ikayaka, PVC imatulutsa utsi wakuda wakuda ndi mpweya wapoizoni, pomwe kuyaka kwa XLPE sikutulutsa mpweya wapoizoni wa halogen. Kupambana kwa zingwe zolumikizirana kumazindikiridwa mochulukira ndi magawo opanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito.
2. Zingwe za PVC wamba (zosungunula ndi sheath) zimayaka mwachangu ndikuyaka kosalekeza, ndikuwonjezera moto. Amataya mphamvu zamagetsi mkati mwa mphindi imodzi mpaka 2. Kuyaka kwa PVC kumatulutsa utsi wakuda wakuda, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta kupuma komanso zovuta zotuluka. Zovuta kwambiri, kuyaka kwa PVC kumatulutsa mpweya wapoizoni komanso wowononga ngati hydrogen chloride (HCl) ndi ma dioxins, omwe ndi omwe amapha anthu pamoto (kuwerengera 80% yakufa chifukwa cha moto). Mipweya iyi imawononga zida zamagetsi, kusokoneza kwambiri ntchito yotsekera ndikupangitsa kuti pakhale zoopsa zina zomwe zimakhala zovuta kuzichepetsa.
II. Zingwe Zoletsa Moto
1. Zingwe zomwe sizimayaka moto zimayenera kuwonetsa zinthu zomwe sizimawotchera moto ndipo zimagawidwa m'magulu atatu osagwira ntchito ndi malawi A, B, ndi C malinga ndi IEC 60332-3-24 "Kuyesa zingwe zamagetsi pamoto." Kalasi A imapereka magwiridwe antchito apamwamba kwambiri osayaka moto.
Mayeso oyerekeza kuyaka kwa mawaya osagwira ntchito ndi malawi osayaka moto adachitidwa ndi US Standards and Technology Research Institute. Zotsatira zotsatirazi zikuwonetsa kufunika kogwiritsa ntchito zingwe zoletsa moto:
a. Mawaya osayatsa moto amapereka nthawi yothawirako kuwirikiza ka 15 kuyerekeza ndi mawaya osayaka moto.
b. Mawaya osapsa ndi moto amawotcha theka chabe la mawaya osagwira ntchito yoyaka moto.
c. Mawaya osagwiritsa ntchito malawi amawonetsa kutentha kwa gawo limodzi mwa magawo anayi a mawaya omwe sagwira ntchito yoyaka moto.
d. Mpweya wapoizoni wotuluka m’kuyaka ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu alionse a zinthu zomwe sizimawotcha moto.
e. Kutulutsa utsi kukuwonetsa palibe kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa zinthu zoletsa moto ndi zomwe sizimawotcha.
2. Zingwe Zopanda Halogen Zopanda Utsi Wochepa
Zingwe zopanda utsi wopanda halogen ziyenera kukhala zopanda halogen, utsi wochepa, komanso zoletsa moto, ndi izi:
IEC 60754 (mayeso opanda halogen) IEC 61034 (mayeso otsika utsi)
PH yolemera madulidwe Kupatsirana kochepa kwa kuwala
PH≥4.3 r≤10us/mm T≥60%
3. Zingwe Zosagwira Moto
a. Zizindikiro zoyesa kuyaka kwa chingwe (kutentha kwamoto ndi nthawi) malinga ndi IEC 331-1970 muyezo ndi 750 ° C kwa maola atatu. Malinga ndi ndondomeko yaposachedwa ya IEC 60331 kuchokera kukuvota kwaposachedwa kwa IEC, kutentha kwamoto kumachokera ku 750 ° C mpaka 800 ° C kwa maola atatu.
b. Mawaya ndi zingwe zosagwira moto zimatha kugawidwa kukhala zingwe zosapsa ndi moto komanso zingwe zosapsa ndi moto potengera kusiyana kwa zinthu zopanda zitsulo. Zingwe zapakhomo zosagwira moto zimagwiritsa ntchito ma kondakita okutidwa ndi mica komanso zotchingira zotchingira moto monga momwe zimapangidwira, ndipo zambiri zimakhala za Gulu B. Amene amakwaniritsa miyezo ya M'kalasi A amagwiritsa ntchito matepi apadera opangidwa ndi mica ndi kusungunula mchere (copper core, copper sleeve, magnesium oxide insulation, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti MI) zingwe zosagwira moto.
Zingwe zotetezedwa ndi mamineral zosagwira moto sizingapse, sizitulutsa utsi, sizichita dzimbiri, sizikhala ndi poizoni, sizigwira ntchito, komanso zimalimbana ndi kupopera madzi. Amadziwika kuti zingwe zosapsa ndi moto, zomwe zikuwonetsa magwiridwe antchito apamwamba kwambiri oletsa moto pakati pa zingwe zosagwira moto. Komabe, kupanga kwawo kumakhala kovuta, mtengo wawo ndi wokwera kwambiri, kutalika kwa kupanga kwawo kumakhala kochepa, malo opindika awo ndi aakulu, kutsekemera kwawo kumakhudzidwa ndi chinyezi, ndipo pakalipano, zinthu zokhazokha zokhazokha za 25mm2 ndi pamwamba zingaperekedwe. Malo odzipatulira osatha ndi zolumikizira zapakati ndizofunikira, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhazikitsa ndi kumanga kukhala kovuta kwambiri.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-07-2023