Kukaniza kwa chilengedwe ndikofunikira kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito chingwe kuti zitsimikizire kuti nthawi yayitali ikugwira ntchito, chitetezo, komanso kudalirika. Zingwe nthawi zambiri zimakumana ndi zovuta monga madzi/chinyontho, mankhwala, kuwala kwa UV, kutentha kwambiri, komanso kupsinjika kwamakina. Kusankha zinthu zoyenera ndi kukana koyenera kwa chilengedwe ndikofunikira kuti musunge magwiridwe antchito ndikukulitsa moyo wautumiki wa chingwe.
Chigawochi chimayang'ana mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kukana kwa chilengedwe komwe kumafunikira muzogwiritsira ntchito zingwe zosiyanasiyana.
Jekete yakunja kapena sheath imakhala ngati njira yoyamba yodzitetezera kuzinthu zachilengedwe. Nthawi zambiri imakhudzidwa ndi mankhwala, madzi, kusintha kwa kutentha, ndi ma radiation a UV. Zida zazikulu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga jekete lakunja ndiPVC (Polyvinyl Chloride), PE (Polyethylene), ndiLSZH (Utsi Wotsika Zero Halogen), iliyonse ikupereka milingo yosiyanasiyana yokana kutengera zomwe mukufuna.
1. Chemical, Mafuta, ndi Hydrocarbon Resistance
Pa nthawi yonse yoika chingwe komanso nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito chingwe, kukhudzana ndi mankhwala, mafuta, kapena ma hydrocarbons amatha kuchitika, mwina chifukwa cha kutaya mwangozi kapena kukhudzana mosalekeza m'mafakitale. Kuwonekera kotereku kumatha kuwononga mchimake wakunja, kumabweretsa ming'alu, kutupa, kapena kuwonongeka kwa makina.
Kusankha zipangizo zokhala ndi mphamvu zotsutsana ndi mankhwala ndizofunikira kuti zitsimikizire kuti chingwecho chimasunga umphumphu, ntchito, ndi kudalirika kwa moyo wake wonse.
Mitundu ya Chemical Exposure:
Mankhwala a Gaseous: Mankhwala amafuta nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ma polima ocheperako chifukwa samalowa mkati mwazinthuzo. Komabe, mipweya yogwira ntchito monga klorini kapena ozoni imatha kuwononga kwambiri komanso kukhudza kwambiri zinthu za polima.
Mankhwala amadzimadzi: Mankhwala amadzimadzi nthawi zambiri amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu chifukwa chotha kufalikira muzinthuzo. Izi zitha kuyambitsa kutupa, kupangidwa kwapulasitiki, kapena kusintha kwamankhwala mkati mwa polymer matrix, kusokoneza mawotchi ndi magetsi.
Kachitidwe Kazinthu:
PE (Polyethylene): Amapereka kukana bwino kwa mankhwala ambiri ndi ma hydrocarbon. Imachita bwino m'malo opangira mankhwala koma imatha kukhudzidwa ndi ma oxidizing amphamvu.
PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride): Imawonetsa kukana kwamafuta, makemikolo, ndi ma hydrocarbons, makamaka ikapangidwa ndi zowonjezera zosagwira mafuta.
LSZH (Low Smoke Zero Halogen): Imapereka kukana kwapakatikati kwa mankhwala ndi mafuta. Mankhwala a LSZH amapangidwa makamaka kuti ateteze moto (kutulutsa utsi wochepa komanso poizoni wochepa panthawi yoyaka). Komabe, mapangidwe apadera a LSZH amatha kukwaniritsa kukana kwamafuta ndi mankhwala pakafunika.
2. Kulimbana ndi Madzi ndi Chinyezi
Zingwe nthawi zambiri zimakumana ndi madzi kapena chinyezi chambiri panthawi yoyika komanso nthawi yonse yautumiki wawo. Kuwona chinyezi kwanthawi yayitali kungayambitse kuwonongeka kwa insulation, dzimbiri zazitsulo zachitsulo, komanso kuchepa kwa magwiridwe antchito a chingwe.
Chifukwa chake, kukana madzi ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pamakina ambiri, makamaka panja, pansi, kapena m'madzi.
Pakati pa zida zojambulira wamba, PE (Polyethylene) imapereka kukana kwamadzi kwabwino, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale chisankho chokondedwa pamapulogalamu omwe amafunikira chitetezo chanthawi yayitali ku chinyezi.
Zingwe zokhala ndi zida za LSZH kapena PVC zocheperako komanso zapakatikati za Voltage sizimalimbikitsidwa kuti zikhazikitsidwe m'malo okhala ndi madzi osatha, monga dothi ladongo kapena madera omwe ali pansi pamadzi. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, PE sheaths kwambiri kukana kusamuka kwa madzi kudzera kutchinjiriza chingwe. Zotsatira zake, zingwe za PE-sheathed ndizoyenera kunyowa ndipo zimatha kukwaniritsa moyo wawo wonse.
Kapangidwe ka Chingwe Cholimba cha Madzi:
Kuti mukwaniritse kukana kwenikweni kwa madzi mu zingwe, chitetezo chachikulu chimaganiziridwa:
Chitetezo cha Madzi a Radial:
Amakwaniritsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zida monga zitsulo zotsogola kapena matepi achitsulo/zitsulo opangidwa ndi ma polima apadera.
Kutetezedwa kwa Madzi kwa nthawi yayitali:
Amakwaniritsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito matepi otsekereza madzi kapena ufa womwe umalepheretsa kuyenda kwamadzi motsatira chingwe kutalika kwa chingwe.
Ingress Protection (IP) Rating ndi AD7/AD8 Kalasi:
Zambiri zamakalasi oteteza IP ndi mavoti (monga AD7 kapena AD8) zidzagawidwa m'nkhani ina.
3. Kukaniza kwa UV
Kumvetsetsa ndikusankha kukana koyenera kwa chilengedwe pakugwiritsa ntchito chingwe ndikofunikira pakuwonetsetsa kuti magwiridwe antchito a nthawi yayitali, chitetezo, ndi kudalirika. Zinthu monga kukhudzana ndi mankhwala, kulowetsa madzi, kuwala kwa UV, ndi kusintha kwa kutentha kumatha kukhudza kwambiri kukhulupirika kwa chingwe ngati sichiganiziridwa bwino pakusankha zinthu.
Kusankha zinthu zakunja zoyenera - kaya PVC, PE, kapena LSZH - kutengera momwe chilengedwe chimakhalira kumatha kukulitsa kulimba kwa chingwe ndi moyo wautumiki. Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zoyenera zotsekera madzi ndikuganiziranso ma IP kumalimbitsa chitetezo cha chingwe m'malo ovuta.
Powunika mosamalitsa kukana kwa chilengedwe, makina a chingwe amatha kukonzedwa bwino pazomwe akufuna, kuchepetsa zosowa zosamalira, kuchepetsa kuopsa kwa kulephera, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti akugwira ntchito modalirika panthawi yonse ya moyo wawo.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-27-2025