Kukana kwa chilengedwe ndikofunikira kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito zingwe kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikugwira ntchito bwino kwa nthawi yayitali, kukhala zotetezeka, komanso zodalirika. Zingwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mikhalidwe yovuta monga madzi/chinyezi, mankhwala, kuwala kwa UV, kutentha kwambiri, komanso kupsinjika kwa makina. Kusankha zinthu zoyenera ndi kukana kwa chilengedwe ndikofunikira kuti chingwecho chizigwira ntchito bwino komanso kuti chikhale ndi moyo wautali.
Gawoli likufotokoza mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya kukana kwa chilengedwe komwe kumafunika pakugwiritsa ntchito zingwe zosiyanasiyana.
Jekete lakunja kapena chidendene chake chimagwira ntchito ngati mzere woyamba wodzitetezera ku zinthu zachilengedwe. Nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi mankhwala, madzi, kutentha, komanso kuwala kwa UV. Zipangizo zazikulu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira jekete lakunja ndiPVC (Polyvinyl Chloride), PE (Polyethylene), ndiLSZH (Utsi Wochepa Zero Halogen), chilichonse chimapereka milingo yosiyanasiyana yotsutsa kutengera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
1. Kukana Mankhwala, Mafuta, ndi Hydrocarbon
Pa nthawi yonse yoyika chingwe ndi nthawi yogwira ntchito, kukhudzana ndi mankhwala, mafuta, kapena ma hydrocarbon kungachitike, kaya kudzera mu kutayikira mwangozi kapena kukhudzana kosalekeza m'malo opangira mafakitale. Kukhudzana koteroko kungawononge chidebe chakunja, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ming'alu, kutupa, kapena kutayika kwa mphamvu zamakina.
Kusankha zipangizo zolimbana ndi mankhwala ndikofunikira kuti chingwecho chikhalebe cholimba, chogwira ntchito bwino, komanso chodalirika nthawi yonse ya moyo wake.
Mitundu ya Kuwonetsedwa ndi Mankhwala:
Mankhwala a Gaseous: Mankhwala a gaseous nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa zogwirira ntchito ndi ma polima chifukwa salowa mkati mwa zinthuzo. Komabe, mpweya wochitapo kanthu monga chlorine kapena ozone ukhoza kuwononga pamwamba ndikukhudza kwambiri mawonekedwe a polima.
Mankhwala a Madzi: Mankhwala amadzimadzi nthawi zambiri amakhala pachiwopsezo chachikulu chifukwa amatha kufalikira mu zinthuzo. Izi zingayambitse kutupa, pulasitiki, kapena kusintha kwa mankhwala mkati mwa polymer matrix, zomwe zingawononge mphamvu zamakina ndi zamagetsi.
Magwiridwe antchito:
PE (Polyethylene): Imakhala yolimba kwambiri ku mankhwala ambiri ndi ma hydrocarbon. Imagwira ntchito bwino m'malo ambiri okhala ndi mankhwala koma imatha kukhudzidwa ndi zinthu zamphamvu zowononga ma oxygen.
PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride): Imaonetsa kukana bwino mafuta, mankhwala, ndi ma hydrocarbon, makamaka ikapangidwa ndi zowonjezera zoyenera kukana mafuta.
LSZH (Low Smoke Zero Halogen): Imapereka kukana pang'ono kwa mankhwala ndi mafuta. Ma LSZH compounds amapangidwira makamaka kuti atetezeke pamoto (kupanga utsi wochepa komanso poizoni wochepa panthawi yoyaka). Komabe, ma formula apadera a LSZH amatha kupangitsa kuti mafuta ndi mankhwala azikana bwino pakafunika kutero.
2. Kukana Madzi ndi Chinyezi
Zingwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala pamalo amadzi kapena pamalo onyowa kwambiri panthawi yoyika komanso nthawi yonse yomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kunyowa kwa nthawi yayitali kumatha kuwononga chitetezo cha kutentha, dzimbiri la zigawo zachitsulo, komanso kuchepa kwa magwiridwe antchito a chingwe chonse.
Chifukwa chake, kukana madzi ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito zingwe zambiri, makamaka m'malo akunja, pansi pa nthaka, kapena m'nyanja.
Pakati pa zipangizo zodziwika bwino zomangira jekete, PE (Polyethylene) imapereka kukana bwino madzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale chisankho chabwino kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito zomwe zimafuna chitetezo cha nthawi yayitali ku kulowa kwa chinyezi.
Zingwe zotetezedwa ndi Low Voltage ndi Medium Voltage zokhala ndi zingwe za LSZH kapena PVC nthawi zambiri sizikulimbikitsidwa kuziyika m'malo okhala ndi madzi nthawi zonse, monga dothi ladothi kapena madera omwe ali pansi pa madzi. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, zingwe za PE zimalimbana kwambiri ndi kusamuka kwa madzi kudzera mu chotetezera chingwe. Chifukwa chake, zingwe zotetezedwa ndi PE zimakhala zoyenera kwambiri m'malo onyowa ndipo zimatha kukhala ndi moyo wawo wonse.
Kapangidwe ka Chingwe Chosalowa Madzi:
Kuti zingwe zisamavutike ndi madzi, pali zinthu ziwiri zofunika kuziteteza:
Chitetezo cha Madzi Ozungulira:
Kupangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo monga zipilala zachitsulo kapena matepi achitsulo/chitsulo ophatikizidwa ndi ma polima apadera.
Chitetezo cha Madzi Aatali:
Izi zimachitika pogwiritsa ntchito matepi kapena ufa woletsa madzi womwe umaletsa kuyenda kwa madzi m'litali mwa chingwecho.
Kuchuluka kwa Chitetezo cha Kulowa (IP) ndi Kalasi ya AD7/AD8:
Zambiri zokhudza magulu a chitetezo cha IP ndi ma ratings (monga AD7 kapena AD8) zidzagawidwa m'nkhani ina.
3. Kukana kwa UV
Kumvetsetsa ndikusankha kukana koyenera kwa chilengedwe pakugwiritsa ntchito chingwe ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikugwira ntchito bwino, kukhala otetezeka, komanso kudalirika kwa nthawi yayitali. Zinthu monga kukhudzana ndi mankhwala, kulowa kwa madzi, kuwala kwa UV, ndi kusintha kwa kutentha zimatha kukhudza kwambiri kukhulupirika kwa chingwe ngati sizikuganiziridwa bwino posankha zinthu.
Kusankha zinthu zoyenera zakunja—kaya PVC, PE, kapena LSZH—kutengera momwe zinthu zilili kungathandize kwambiri kulimba kwa chingwe komanso moyo wake. Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zoyenera zotsekera madzi komanso kuganizira za IP ratings kumalimbitsanso chitetezo cha chingwe m'malo ovuta.
Mwa kuwunika mosamala kukana kwa chilengedwe kumeneku, makina a chingwe amatha kukonzedwa bwino kuti agwirizane ndi ntchito zomwe akufuna, kuchepetsa zosowa zokonza, kuchepetsa zoopsa zolephera, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ntchitoyo ikuyenda bwino nthawi yonse yomwe akuyembekezeka.
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-27-2025