Zingwe za ulusi wa m'nyanja zimapangidwa makamaka kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito m'nyanja, zomwe zimapereka kutumiza deta kokhazikika komanso kodalirika. Sizigwiritsidwa ntchito polankhulana mkati mwa sitima zokha komanso zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri polankhulana kudzera m'nyanja komanso kutumiza deta pamapulatifomu amafuta ndi gasi m'nyanja, zomwe zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'njira zamakono zolumikizirana m'nyanja. Kuti zitsimikizire kukhazikika kwa ntchito za m'nyanja, zingwe za ulusi wa m'nyanja zimapangidwa kuti zikhale zosalowa madzi, zosapanikizika, zosagwira dzimbiri, zolimba pamakina, komanso zosinthasintha kwambiri.
Kawirikawiri, kapangidwe ka zingwe za ulusi wa m'madzi zimaphatikizapo ulusi, chidendene, chivundikiro cha zida, ndi jekete lakunja. Pa mapangidwe apadera kapena ntchito, zingwe za ulusi wa m'madzi zimatha kusiya chivundikirocho m'malo mwake ndikugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosatha kapena majekete apadera akunja. Kuphatikiza apo, kuti zigwirizane ndi malo osiyanasiyana, zingwe za ulusi wa m'madzi zitha kuphatikizaponso zigawo zosatha moto, ziwalo zapakati/zolimbitsa, ndi zinthu zina zotsekereza madzi.
(1) Chigawo cha Ulusi Wowoneka
Chigawo cha ulusi ndicho chigawo chachikulu cha zingwe za ulusi wa m'nyanja, zomwe zili ndi ulusi umodzi kapena zingapo.
Ulusi wa kuwala ndi gawo lapakati pa chingwe, nthawi zambiri umakhala ndi pakati, cladding, ndi kupaka utoto, wokhala ndi kapangidwe kozungulira kozungulira. Pakati, wopangidwa ndi silica yoyera kwambiri, ndiye amene amatumiza zizindikiro za kuwala. Chophimbacho, chomwe chimapangidwanso ndi silica yoyera kwambiri, chimazungulira pakati, kupereka malo owunikira komanso kusiyanitsa kuwala, komanso chitetezo cha makina. Chophimbacho, chomwe chili kunja kwa ulusi, chimapangidwa ndi zinthu monga acrylate, silicone rabara, ndi nayiloni, kuteteza ulusiwo ku chinyezi ndi kuwonongeka kwa makina.
Ulusi wa kuwala nthawi zambiri umagawidwa m'magulu a ulusi wa single-mode (monga, G.655, G652D) ndi ulusi wa multi-mode (monga, OM1-OM4), wokhala ndi makhalidwe osiyanasiyana a transmission performance. Makhalidwe ofunikira a transmission ndi monga maximum attenuation, minimum bandwidth, effective refractive index, numberature aperture, ndi maximum dispersion coefficient, zomwe zimatsimikiza momwe transmission imagwirira ntchito komanso mtunda wake.
Ulusiwu umazunguliridwa ndi machubu otayirira kapena olimba kuti achepetse kusokoneza pakati pa ulusi ndi zovuta zakunja kwa chilengedwe. Kapangidwe ka ulusiwu kamatsimikizira kutumiza deta bwino, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale gawo lofunikira komanso lofunikira kwambiri la zingwe za fiber optical zam'madzi.
(2) Chigoba
Chigoba cha ulusi ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la chingwe, chomwe chimateteza ulusi wa kuwala. Kutengera kapangidwe kake, chingagawidwe m'machubu olimba a buffer ndi machubu otayirira a buffer.
Machubu olimba nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi zinthu monga polypropylene resin (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), ndi halogen-free flame-retardant polyethylene (HFFR PE). Machubu olimba amamatira kwambiri pamwamba pa ulusi, osasiya mipata yayikulu, zomwe zimachepetsa kuyenda kwa ulusi. Kuphimba kolimba kumeneku kumapereka chitetezo chachindunji kwa ulusi, kuletsa kulowa kwa chinyezi komanso kupereka mphamvu yayikulu yamakina komanso kukana kusokonezedwa ndi zinthu zakunja.
Machubu otayirira nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi ma modulus apamwambaPBTpulasitiki, yodzazidwa ndi jeli yotchinga madzi kuti ipereke chitetezo ndi kuphimba. Machubu otayirira omasuka amapereka kusinthasintha kwabwino komanso kukana kupanikizika kwa mbali. Jeli yotchinga madzi imalola ulusi kuyenda momasuka mkati mwa chubu, zomwe zimathandiza kuchotsa ndi kukonza ulusi. Imaperekanso chitetezo chowonjezera ku kuwonongeka ndi kulowa kwa chinyezi, kuonetsetsa kuti chingwecho chili chokhazikika komanso chotetezeka m'malo ozizira kapena pansi pa madzi.
(3) Chigawo cha Zida
Chida choteteza chili mkati mwa jekete lakunja ndipo chimapereka chitetezo cha makina, kuteteza kuwonongeka kwa chingwe cha ulusi wa m'madzi. Chida choteteza nthawi zambiri chimapangidwa ndi waya wachitsulo wopangidwa ndi galvanized steel braid (GSWB). Kapangidwe kake kamaphimba chingwecho ndi mawaya achitsulo opangidwa ndi galvanized, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi chivundikiro chosachepera 80%. Kapangidwe kake kamapereka chitetezo champhamvu kwambiri cha makina komanso mphamvu yokoka, pomwe kapangidwe kake kamatsimikizira kusinthasintha ndi radius yaying'ono yopindika (radius yolimba yopindika ya zingwe za ulusi wa m'madzi ndi 20D). Izi zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito zomwe zimafuna kuyenda kapena kupindika pafupipafupi. Kuphatikiza apo, chitsulo choteteza chimapatsa kukana dzimbiri kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chikhale choyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo onyowa kapena opopera mchere.
(4) Jekete lakunja
Jekete lakunja ndi gawo loteteza mwachindunji la zingwe za ulusi wa m'nyanja, zomwe zimapangidwa kuti zipirire kuwala kwa dzuwa, mvula, kukokoloka kwa madzi a m'nyanja, kuwonongeka kwa zamoyo, kuwonongeka kwa thupi, ndi kuwala kwa UV. Jekete lakunja nthawi zambiri limapangidwa ndi zinthu zosawononga chilengedwe monga polyvinyl chloride (PVC) ndi low-smoke zero-halogen (LSZH) polyolefin, yomwe imapereka kukana kwabwino kwa UV, kukana nyengo, kukana mankhwala, komanso kuletsa malawi. Izi zimaonetsetsa kuti chingwecho chikhale chokhazikika komanso chodalirika pamavuto a m'nyanja. Pazifukwa zachitetezo, zingwe zambiri za ulusi wa m'nyanja tsopano zimagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo za LSZH, monga LSZH-SHF1, LSZH-SHF2, ndi LSZH-SHF2 MUD. Zipangizo za LSZH zimapanga utsi wochepa kwambiri ndipo zilibe ma halogen (fluorine, chlorine, bromine, ndi zina zotero), kupewa kutulutsa mpweya woopsa panthawi yoyaka. Pakati pa izi, LSZH-SHF1 ndiye yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
(5) Gawo Losapsa ndi Moto
M'malo ofunikira kwambiri, kuti zitsimikizire kuti njira zolumikizirana zikuyenda bwino komanso zodalirika (monga ma alarm a moto, magetsi, ndi kulumikizana panthawi yamavuto), zingwe zina za ulusi wamadzi zimakhala ndi gawo losagwira moto. Zingwe zotayirira nthawi zambiri zimafuna kuwonjezera tepi ya mica kuti ziwonjezere kukana moto. Zingwe zosayima moto zimatha kusunga luso lolumikizirana kwa nthawi inayake panthawi yamoto, zomwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pachitetezo cha sitima.
(6) Kulimbikitsa Mamembala
Kuti zingwe za ulusi wa m'nyanja ziwonjezeke, ziwalo zolimbitsa zapakati monga mawaya achitsulo opangidwa ndi phosphate kapena pulasitiki yolimbikitsidwa ndi ulusi (FRP) zimawonjezedwa. Izi zimawonjezera mphamvu ya chingwe ndi kukana kukoka, zomwe zimaonetsetsa kuti chingwecho chili chokhazikika panthawi yoyika ndikugwiritsa ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, zida zothandizira zolimbitsa monga ulusi wa aramid zitha kuwonjezedwa kuti ziwongolere mphamvu ya chingwecho komanso kukana dzimbiri kwa mankhwala.
(7) Kukonza Kapangidwe ka Nyumba
Ndi kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo, kapangidwe ndi zipangizo za zingwe za ulusi wa m'madzi zikusintha mosalekeza. Mwachitsanzo, zingwe za chubu zouma zonse zimachotsa gel yachikhalidwe yotchingira madzi ndipo zimagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zouma zotchingira madzi m'machubu omasuka ndi pakati pa chingwe, zomwe zimapereka ubwino pa chilengedwe, kulemera kopepuka, komanso ubwino wopanda gel. Chitsanzo china ndi kugwiritsa ntchito thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU) ngati nsalu yakunja ya jekete, yomwe imapereka kutentha kwakukulu, kukana mafuta, kukana asidi, kukana alkali, kulemera kopepuka, komanso zosowa zazing'ono za malo. Zatsopanozi zikuwonetsa kusintha komwe kukupitilira pakupanga zingwe za ulusi wa m'madzi.
(8) Chidule
Kapangidwe ka zingwe za ulusi wa m'nyanja kamaganizira zofunikira zapadera za malo okhala m'nyanja, kuphatikizapo kuletsa madzi kulowa, kukana kupanikizika, kukana dzimbiri, ndi mphamvu ya makina. Kugwira ntchito bwino komanso kudalirika kwa zingwe za ulusi wa m'nyanja kumapangitsa kuti zikhale gawo lofunika kwambiri pa njira zamakono zolumikizirana m'nyanja. Pamene ukadaulo wa m'nyanja ukupita patsogolo, kapangidwe ndi zipangizo za zingwe za ulusi wa m'nyanja zikupitirirabe kusintha kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira pakufufuza mozama m'nyanja komanso zosowa zovuta zolumikizirana.
Zokhudza ONE WORLD (OW Cable)
ONE WORLD (OW Cable) ndi kampani yotsogola padziko lonse yopereka zipangizo zapamwamba kwambiri zamagetsi ndi zingwe. Zinthu zathu zimaphatikizapo pulasitiki yolimbikitsidwa ndi ulusi (FRP), zipangizo zotsika utsi zero-halogen (LSZH), polyethylene yopanda moto (HFFR PE), ndi zipangizo zina zapamwamba zomwe zimapangidwa kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito zingwe zamakono. Podzipereka ku zatsopano, khalidwe, komanso kukhazikika, ONE WORLD (OW Cable) yakhala bwenzi lodalirika la opanga zingwe padziko lonse lapansi. Kaya ndi zingwe za fiber optical zam'madzi, zingwe zamagetsi, zingwe zolumikizirana, kapena ntchito zina zapadera, timapereka zipangizo zopangira ndi ukatswiri wofunikira kuti tiwonetsetse kuti zikugwira ntchito bwino komanso kudalirika.
Nthawi yotumizira: Marichi-14-2025