Katswiri Pazingwe Zopanda Madzi

1. Kodi chingwe chosalowa madzi ndi chiyani?
Zingwe zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi zonse m'madzi zimatchedwa zingwe zamagetsi zosagwira madzi (zopanda madzi). Chingwecho chikayikidwa pansi pamadzi, nthawi zambiri chimamizidwa m'madzi kapena m'malo onyowa, chingwecho chimayenera kukhala ndi ntchito yoteteza madzi (kukana), ndiye kuti, imayenera kukhala ndi ntchito yolimbana ndi madzi, kuteteza madzi kuti asamizidwe mu chingwe, kuwononga chingwe, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti chingwecho chimagwira ntchito nthawi yayitali pansi pamadzi. Chingwe chodziwika bwino chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga madzi ndi JHS, chomwe chili cha chingwe chopanda madzi, chingwe chopanda madzi chimagawidwanso mu chingwe chamagetsi chopanda madzi ndi chingwe chapakompyuta chopanda madzi, ndi zina zambiri, ndipo oyimira achitsanzo ndi FS-YJY, FS-DJYP3VP3.

2. Mtundu wa chingwe chopanda madzi
(1). Pazingwe za single-core, kulunganitepi yotchinga madzi ya semi-conductivepa chishango chotchinjiriza, kukulunga wambatepi yotchinga madzikunja, ndiyeno Finyani m'chimake akunja, pofuna kuonetsetsa kukhudzana zonse za zitsulo chishango, kokha kukulunga theka-conductive madzi kutsekereza tepi kunja kwa kutchinjiriza chishango, chitsulo chishango salinso kukulunga madzi kutsekereza tepi, malinga ndi mlingo wa zofunika madzi ntchito, kudzazidwa akhoza kudzazidwa ndi filler wamba kapena madzi chipika filler. Zida zamkati zamkati ndi zakunja za sheath ndizofanana ndi zomwe zafotokozedwa mu chingwe chimodzi chokha.

(2). Chosanjikiza cha pulasitiki chokutidwa ndi aluminiyamu chimakutidwa motalika mkati mwa sheath yakunja kapena m'kati mwake ngati wosanjikiza wosalowa madzi.

(3). Tulutsani sheath yakunja ya HDPE mwachindunji pa chingwe. Chingwe chotchinga cha XLPE chomwe chili pamwamba pa 110kV chili ndi sheath yachitsulo kuti ikwaniritse zofunikira zosalowa madzi. Chishango chachitsulo chimakhala chosatheka kwathunthu komanso kukana kwamadzi kwamadzi ozungulira. Mitundu yayikulu yazitsulo zachitsulo ndi izi: manja a aluminiyamu otentha otentha, manja otsogolera otentha otentha, manja a aluminiyamu opangidwa ndi malata, malaya achitsulo opangidwa ndi malata, manja achitsulo ozizira ndi zina zotero.

3. Madzi mawonekedwe a chingwe madzi
Nthawi zambiri amagawidwa Olimba ndi ozungulira madzi kukana awiri. Kukaniza madzi owuma kumagwiritsidwa ntchitoulusi wotsekereza madzi, madzi ufa ndi madzi kutsekereza tepi, kukana madzi limagwirira ali mu zipangizo zimenezi muli madzi akhoza kuwonjezera zakuthupi, pamene madzi kuchokera ku mapeto chingwe kapena kuchokera m'chimake chilema mu, nkhaniyi mofulumira kuwonjezera madzi kuteteza kufalikira zina pamodzi chingwe kotenga nthawi, kukwaniritsa cholinga cha chingwe kotalika madzi. Kukaniza madzi ozungulira kumatheka makamaka ndikutulutsa sheath yopanda chitsulo ya HDPE kapena kukanikiza kotentha, kuwotcherera ndi kuzizira chitsulo chojambula.

4. Gulu la zingwe zopanda madzi
Pali mitundu itatu ya zingwe zopanda madzi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ku China:
(1). Chingwe chotsekeredwa ndi mapepala amafuta ndiye chingwe chodziŵika bwino kwambiri chopanda madzi. Kusungunula kwake ndi ma conductors amadzazidwa ndi mafuta a chingwe, ndipo pali jekete lachitsulo (jekete lotsogolera kapena jekete la aluminiyamu) kunja kwa kusungunula, yomwe ndi chingwe chabwino kwambiri chokana madzi. M'mbuyomu, zingwe zambiri zapansi pamadzi (kapena zapansi pamadzi) zimagwiritsa ntchito zingwe zotsekereza mapepala amafuta, koma zingwe zotsekereza zamafuta zimachepa ndi kutsika, pali vuto ndi kutayikira kwamafuta, komanso kukonza ndizovuta, ndipo tsopano zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mocheperako.

(2). Chingwe cha ethylene propylene mphira insulated chingwe chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mizere yotsika komanso yapakatikati yodutsa pansi pamadzi ndi chifukwa chakuchita bwino kwambiri popanda kudandaula ndi "mtengo wamadzi". Chingwe chopanda madzi cha rabara (Mtundu wa JHS) chimatha kugwira ntchito motetezeka m'madzi osaya kwa nthawi yayitali.

(3). Cross-zogwirizana polyethylene (XLPE) insulated mphamvu chingwe chifukwa cha zabwino kwambiri magetsi, mawotchi ndi thupi katundu, ndi ndondomeko kupanga ndi losavuta, kapangidwe kuwala, lalikulu kufala mphamvu, unsembe ndi kukonza ndi yabwino, osati malire ndi dontho ndi ubwino wina, kukhala ambiri ankagwiritsa ntchito kutchinjiriza zakuthupi, koma makamaka tcheru ndi chinyezi, mu kupanga ndi ntchito ndondomeko ngati kutchinjiriza ali ndi madzi impregnation, kuwononga kwambiri mtengo wamtengo wapatali, kusweka kwa mtengo waufupi, kuwononga mtengo wamtengo wapatali. Chifukwa chake, chingwe cholumikizira cha polyethylene cholumikizidwa ndi mtanda, makamaka chingwe chapakati komanso champhamvu chamagetsi pansi pamagetsi a AC, chiyenera kukhala ndi "mapangidwe otsekereza madzi" akagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo amadzi kapena malo onyowa.

5. Kusiyana pakati pa chingwe chopanda madzi ndi chingwe wamba
Kusiyana kwa zingwe zopanda madzi ndi zingwe wamba ndikuti zingwe wamba sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'madzi. Chingwe chopanda madzi cha JHS ndi mtundu wa chingwe chosinthika cha rabara, chotchingira ndi kutsekereza mphira, ndi chingwe wamba cha rabara, chingwe chopanda madzi cha JHS chimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, koma chimakhala m'madzi kapena china chimadutsa m'madzi. Zingwe zopanda madzi nthawi zambiri zimakhala 3 pachimake, ambiri aiwo amagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikiza mpope, mtengo wa zingwe zopanda madzi udzakhala wokwera mtengo kuposa zingwe zamba za mphira wamba, ndizovuta kusiyanitsa ngati madzi amawonekera, muyenera kufunsa wogulitsa kuti adziwe wosanjikiza wopanda madzi.

6. Kusiyana kwa chingwe chopanda madzi ndi chingwe chosagwira madzi
Chingwe chopanda madzi: kuteteza madzi kuti asalowe mkati mwa chingwe, pogwiritsa ntchito dongosolo lopanda madzi ndi zipangizo.

Chingwe chotsekereza madzi: Mayesowa amalola kuti madzi alowe mkati mwa chingwecho, ndipo salola kulowa kwautali wotchulidwa pansi pamikhalidwe yodziwika. Chingwe chotsekereza madzi chimagawidwa kukhala chotsekereza madzi kutsekereza ndi chingwe pachimake kutsekereza madzi.

Mapangidwe oletsa madzi a conductor: kuwonjezera ufa wotsekereza madzi ndi ulusi wotsekereza madzi pakadutsa waya umodzi, woyendetsa akalowa m'madzi, madzi otsekereza ufa kapena ulusi wotsekereza madzi amakula ndi madzi kuti asalowe m'madzi, ndithudi, woyendetsa bwino amakhala ndi ntchito yabwino yoletsa madzi.

Kutsekera kwamadzi pakatikati pa chingwe: pamene sheath yakunja yawonongeka ndipo madzi amalowa, tepi yotchinga madzi imakula. Pamene tepi yotchinga madzi ikukula, imapanga mwamsanga gawo lotsekera madzi kuti asalowetse madzi. Kwa chingwe chapakati-patatu, ndizovuta kwambiri kukwaniritsa kukana kwamadzi pachimake cha chingwe, chifukwa kusiyana kwapakati pa chingwe chapakati pazigawo zitatu kumakhala kwakukulu komanso kosakhazikika, ngakhale kugwiritsa ntchito chipika chamadzi kumadzadza, kukana madzi sikuli bwino, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti pachimake chilichonse chipangidwe molingana ndi kapangidwe kake kamadzi, ndiyeno chingwe chimapangidwa.