1 Mawu Oyamba
Ndi chitukuko chofulumira chaukadaulo wolumikizirana m'zaka khumi zapitazi, gawo lakugwiritsa ntchito zingwe za fiber optic likukulirakulira. Pamene zofunikira za chilengedwe pa zingwe za fiber optic zikupitirira kuwonjezeka, momwemonso zofunikira pa khalidwe la zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zingwe za fiber optic. Fiber optic chingwe chotchinga madzi ndi chinthu chodziwika bwino chotsekereza madzi chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mumakampani opanga chingwe cha fiber optic, ntchito yosindikiza, kutsekereza madzi, chinyezi ndi chitetezo chachitetezo mu chingwe cha fiber optic chadziwika kwambiri, ndipo mitundu yake ndi magwiridwe ake akhala akupitilirabe. zakonzedwa bwino ndikupangidwa bwino ndi chingwe cha fiber optic. M'zaka zaposachedwa, mawonekedwe a "dry core" adayambitsidwa mu chingwe cha kuwala. Mtundu uwu wa chingwe chotchinga madzi nthawi zambiri chimakhala chophatikizira tepi, ulusi kapena zokutira kuti madzi asalowe motalikirapo pachimake cha chingwe. Ndi kuvomereza komwe kukukulirakulira kwa zingwe zowuma za fiber optic, zida zowuma za fiber optic zikusintha mwachangu zida zamtundu wamafuta opangira mafuta. Chowuma chapakati chimagwiritsa ntchito polima yomwe imatenga madzi mwachangu kuti ipange hydrogel, yomwe imatupa ndikudzaza njira zolowera madzi mu chingwe. Komanso, monga youma pachimake zakuthupi alibe zomata mafuta, palibe misozi, solvents kapena zotsukira ayenera kukonzekera chingwe splicing, ndi chingwe splicing nthawi yafupika kwambiri. Kulemera kwa chingwe ndi kumamatira kwabwino pakati pa ulusi wolimbitsa kunja ndi sheath sikuchepetsedwa, kupanga chisankho chodziwika.
2 Mphamvu yamadzi pa chingwe ndi njira yokana madzi
Chifukwa chachikulu chomwe njira zosiyanasiyana zotsekera madzi ziyenera kutengedwa ndikuti madzi omwe amalowa mu chingwe amawola kukhala haidrojeni ndi OH-ion, zomwe zidzakulitsa kutayika kwa kutayika kwa ulusi wamaso, kuchepetsa magwiridwe antchito a fiber ndikufupikitsa moyo wa chingwe. Njira zodziwikiratu zotsekereza madzi ndikudzaza ndi mafuta a petroleum ndikuwonjezera tepi yotsekera madzi, yomwe imadzazidwa ndi kusiyana pakati pa chingwe chapakati ndi sheath kuti madzi ndi chinyezi zisafalikira molunjika, motero zimagwira ntchito yoletsa madzi.
Ma resins opangira akagwiritsidwa ntchito mochulukira ngati ma insulators mu zingwe za fiber optic (poyamba mu zingwe), zida zotchingirazi sizimatetezedwanso ndi kulowa kwa madzi. Mapangidwe a "mitengo yamadzi" muzinthu zotetezera ndizo chifukwa chachikulu cha zotsatira za ntchito yopatsirana. Njira yomwe zinthu zotetezera zimakhudzidwa ndi mitengo yamadzi nthawi zambiri zimafotokozedwa motere: chifukwa cha mphamvu yamagetsi yamphamvu (lingaliro lina ndiloti mankhwala a resin amasinthidwa ndi kutulutsa kofooka kwambiri kwa ma electron othamanga), mamolekyu amadzi amalowa mkati. kudzera mu ziwerengero zosiyanasiyana za ma micro-pores omwe amapezeka muzitsulo zazitsulo za fiber optic. Mamolekyu amadzi adzadutsa kudzera mumitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ma micro-pores muzitsulo zachitsulo, kupanga "mitengo yamadzi", pang'onopang'ono kusonkhanitsa madzi ambiri ndikufalikira motsatira njira yotalikirapo ya chingwe, ndikukhudza ntchito ya chingwe. Patapita zaka kafukufuku mayiko ndi kuyezetsa, m'ma 1980, kupeza njira kuthetsa njira yabwino yopangira madzi mitengo, ndiye, pamaso pa chingwe extrusion atakulungidwa mu wosanjikiza mayamwidwe madzi ndi kukula kwa chotchinga madzi ziletsa. ndi kuchepetsa kukula kwa mitengo yamadzi, kutsekereza madzi mu chingwe mkati mwa kufalikira kotalika; panthawi imodzimodziyo, chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa kunja ndi kulowetsedwa kwa madzi, chotchinga cha madzi chingathenso kuletsa madzi mwamsanga, osati kufalikira kwa nthawi yaitali kwa chingwe.
3 Chidule cha chotchinga madzi chingwe
3. 1 Gulu la zotchinga za madzi za fiber optic
Pali njira zambiri zokhazikitsira zotchinga zamadzi optical cable, zomwe zitha kugawidwa molingana ndi kapangidwe kake, mtundu ndi makulidwe awo. Nthawi zambiri, amatha kugawidwa molingana ndi kapangidwe kawo: choyimitsa chamadzi chokhala ndi mbali ziwiri, chotchinga chamadzi chokhala ndi mbali imodzi komanso choyimitsa chamadzi chophatikizika. Ntchito yotchinga madzi yotchinga madzi imachitika makamaka chifukwa chazomwe zimayamwa madzi (zomwe zimatchedwa chotchinga chamadzi), zomwe zimatha kutupa mwachangu chotchinga chamadzi chikakumana ndi madzi, ndikupanga kuchuluka kwakukulu kwa gel (chotchinga chamadzi chimatha kuyamwa kambirimbiri. madzi kuposa iwowo), motero amalepheretsa kukula kwa mtengo wamadzi ndikuletsa kulowerera ndikufalikira kwa madzi. Izi zikuphatikizapo ma polysaccharides achilengedwe komanso osinthidwa ndi mankhwala.
Ngakhale ma blockers achilengedwe kapena achilengedwe awa ali ndi zinthu zabwino, ali ndi zoyipa ziwiri:
1) amatha kuwonongeka ndipo 2) amatha kuyaka kwambiri. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zisagwiritsidwe ntchito pazingwe za fiber optic. Mtundu wina wa zinthu zopangidwira m'madzi otsutsa umayimiridwa ndi ma polyacrylates, omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati madzi otsutsana ndi zingwe za kuwala chifukwa amakwaniritsa zofunikira izi: 1) akauma, amatha kuthana ndi zovuta zomwe zimapangidwira panthawi yopanga zingwe za kuwala;
2) ikauma, imatha kupirira mikhalidwe yogwiritsira ntchito zingwe za kuwala (kuthamanga kwa njinga kuchokera ku firiji mpaka 90 ° C) popanda kukhudza moyo wa chingwe, komanso kupirira kutentha kwakukulu kwa nthawi yochepa;
3) pamene madzi alowa, amatha kutupa mofulumira ndikupanga gel osakaniza ndi liwiro la kukulitsa.
4) kutulutsa gel osakaniza kwambiri, ngakhale kutentha kwambiri kukhuthala kwa gel osakaniza kumakhala kokhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali.
The kaphatikizidwe wa zothamangitsa madzi akhoza kugawidwa mozama mu chikhalidwe mankhwala njira - n`zobweza gawo njira (madzi-mu-mafuta polymerization mtanda cholumikizira njira), awo mtanda olumikiza polymerization njira - litayamba njira, walitsa njira - "cobalt 60" γ - njira ya ray. Njira yolumikizira mtanda imachokera ku njira ya "cobalt 60" γ-radiation. Njira zosiyanasiyana zophatikizira zimakhala ndi magawo osiyanasiyana a polymerisation ndi kulumikizana kwapakatikati kotero kuti zofunika kwambiri zoletsa madzi zimafunikira mu matepi otsekereza madzi. Ndi ma polyacrylates ochepa okha omwe angathe kukwaniritsa zofunikira zinayi zomwe zili pamwambazi, malinga ndi zochitika zenizeni, zotchinga madzi (ma resin otaya madzi) sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zipangizo za gawo limodzi la sodium polyacrylate yolumikizidwa, iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito Multi-polymer cross-linking njira (ie mbali zosiyanasiyana za sodium polyacrylate mix mix) kuti akwaniritse cholinga cha mayamwidwe othamanga komanso ochuluka a madzi. Zomwe zimafunikira ndi izi: kuyamwa kwamadzi kangapo kumatha kufika nthawi pafupifupi 400, kuchuluka kwa mayamwidwe amadzi kumatha kufika mphindi yoyamba kuti kuyamwa 75% yamadzi omwe amakhudzidwa ndi kukana kwamadzi; madzi amakaniza kuyanika zofunikira za kukhazikika kwa kutentha: kutentha kwa nthawi yaitali kwa 90 ° C, kutentha kwakukulu kwa ntchito ya 160 ° C, kutentha kwanthawi yomweyo kwa 230 ° C (makamaka kofunika kwa chingwe cha photoelectric composite ndi zizindikiro zamagetsi); kuyamwa kwamadzi pambuyo pakupanga kukhazikika kwa gel osakaniza: pambuyo pa matenthedwe angapo (20 ° C ~ 95 ° C) Kukhazikika kwa gel osakaniza pambuyo pa kuyamwa kwamadzi kumafuna: gel osakaniza ndi mphamvu ya gel pambuyo pa matenthedwe angapo (20 ° C mpaka 95 ° C). C). Kukhazikika kwa gel osakaniza kumasiyana kwambiri malingana ndi njira yopangira kaphatikizidwe ndi zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi wopanga. Pa nthawi yomweyo, osati mofulumira mlingo kukula, bwino, mankhwala ena mbali imodzi kufunafuna liwiro, ntchito zina si abwino hydrogel bata, chiwonongeko cha madzi posungira mphamvu, koma osati kukwaniritsa zotsatira za kukana madzi.
3. Makhalidwe a 3 a tepi yotchinga madzi Monga chingwe chopangira, kuyesa, kuyendetsa, kusunga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ndondomekoyi kuti athe kupirira mayesero a chilengedwe, kotero kuchokera pakugwiritsa ntchito chingwe cha kuwala, tepi yotchinga madzi. zofunika ndi izi:
1) mawonekedwe amtundu wa fiber, zida zophatikizika popanda delamination ndi ufa, ndi mphamvu yamakina, yoyenera zosowa za chingwe;
2) yunifolomu, yobwerezabwereza, yokhazikika, pakupanga chingwe sichidzachotsedwa ndikutulutsa
3) kuthamanga kwakukulu, kuthamanga kwachangu, kukhazikika kwa gel osakaniza;
4) kukhazikika kwabwino kwamafuta, oyenera kukonzedwa kosiyanasiyana kotsatira;
5) kukhazikika kwamphamvu kwamankhwala, kulibe zigawo zilizonse zowononga, kugonjetsedwa ndi mabakiteriya ndi kukokoloka kwa nkhungu;
6) ngakhale bwino ndi zipangizo zina za chingwe kuwala, makutidwe ndi okosijeni kukana, etc.
4 Miyezo ya magwiridwe antchito a chingwe chotchinga madzi
Zotsatira zambiri za kafukufuku zikuwonetsa kuti kukana kwamadzi kosayenerera kukhazikika kwanthawi yayitali kwa magwiridwe antchito a chingwe kumabweretsa kuvulaza kwakukulu. Kuvulaza kumeneku, mukupanga ndi kuwunika kwa fakitale kwa chingwe cha kuwala kwa fiber kumakhala kovuta, koma pang'onopang'ono kumawonekera pakuyika chingwe pambuyo pa ntchito. Chifukwa chake, chitukuko chanthawi yake cha miyezo yoyesera yokwanira komanso yolondola, kuti mupeze maziko owunikira maphwando onse angavomereze, yakhala ntchito yofulumira. Kufufuza kwakukulu kwa wolemba, kufufuza ndi kuyesera pa malamba otsekera madzi apereka maziko okwanira aukadaulo pakupanga miyezo yaukadaulo ya malamba otsekereza madzi. Dziwani magawo a magwiridwe antchito a mtengo wotchinga madzi potengera izi:
1) zofunika za muyezo kuwala chingwe pa madzi (makamaka zofunika za zinthu chingwe kuwala mu muyezo kuwala chingwe);
2) luso pakupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zotchinga madzi ndi malipoti oyenerera oyesa;
3) zotsatira za kafukufuku pa zotsatira za makhalidwe a matepi otsekera madzi pakugwira ntchito kwa zingwe za optical fiber.
4. 1 Maonekedwe
Maonekedwe a tepi yotchinga madzi ayenera kugawidwa mofanana ulusi; pamwamba ayenera kukhala lathyathyathya ndi wopanda makwinya, creases ndi misonzi; pasakhale kugawanika m'lifupi mwa tepi; zinthu zophatikizika ziyenera kukhala zopanda delamination; tepiyo iyenera kuvulazidwa mwamphamvu ndipo m'mphepete mwa tepi yogwira pamanja iyenera kukhala yopanda "chipewa cha udzu".
4.2 Mphamvu zamakina poyimitsa madzi
Mphamvu yamakomedwe a poyimitsa madzi imadalira njira yopangira tepi ya poliyesitala yopanda nsalu, pansi pamikhalidwe yofananira, njira ya viscose ndiyabwino kuposa njira yotenthetsera yopangira mphamvu yamagetsi, makulidwe ake amakhalanso ochepa. Mphamvu yamphamvu ya tepi yotchinga madzi imasiyanasiyana malinga ndi momwe chingwecho chimakulungidwira kapena kukulunga pa chingwe.
Ichi ndi chizindikiro chachikulu cha malamba awiri oletsa madzi, omwe njira yoyesera iyenera kugwirizanitsidwa ndi chipangizo, madzi ndi njira yoyesera. Zinthu zazikulu zotsekereza madzi mu tepi yotchinga madzi ndi gawo lolumikizana ndi sodium polyacrylate ndi zotumphukira zake, zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi kapangidwe kake ndi chikhalidwe cha zofunika zamadzi, kuti agwirizanitse muyezo wa kutupa kwamadzi - kutsekereza tepi, kugwiritsa ntchito madzi osungunuka kudzapambana (madzi osungunuka amagwiritsidwa ntchito potsutsana), chifukwa palibe gawo la anionic ndi cationic m'madzi a deionised, omwe ali madzi oyera. The mayamwidwe multiplier madzi mayamwidwe utomoni mu makhalidwe osiyana madzi amasiyana kwambiri, ngati mayamwidwe multiplier madzi oyera ndi 100% ya mtengo mwadzina; m'madzi apampopi ndi 40% mpaka 60% (malingana ndi ubwino wa madzi a malo aliwonse); m'madzi a m'nyanja ndi 12%; madzi apansi panthaka kapena ngalande ndizovuta kwambiri, zimakhala zovuta kudziwa kuchuluka kwa mayamwidwe, ndipo mtengo wake udzakhala wotsika kwambiri. Kuonetsetsa kuti madzi chotchinga zotsatira ndi moyo wa chingwe, ndi bwino ntchito madzi chotchinga tepi ndi kutupa kutalika> 10mm.
4.3 Mphamvu zamagetsi
Kunena zambiri, chingwe kuwala lilibe kufala magetsi chizindikiro cha waya zitsulo, choncho musaphatikizepo ntchito theka-kuchititsa kukana kukana madzi tepi, 33 yekha Wang Qiang, etc.: kuwala chingwe madzi kukana tepi.
Chingwe chophatikizika chamagetsi chisanachitike chizindikiro chamagetsi, zofunikira zenizeni malinga ndi kapangidwe ka chingwe ndi mgwirizano.
4.4 Kukhazikika kwa kutentha Mitundu yambiri ya matepi otsekera madzi amatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira za kutentha kwa kutentha: kutentha kwa nthawi yaitali kwa 90 ° C, kutentha kwakukulu kwa ntchito ya 160 ° C, kutentha kwa nthawi yomweyo 230 ° C. Kuchita kwa tepi yotchinga madzi sikuyenera kusintha pakapita nthawi yodziwika pa kutentha kumeneku.
Mphamvu ya gel osakaniza iyenera kukhala yofunikira kwambiri pamapangidwe a intumescent, pomwe kukula kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pochepetsa kutalika kwa kulowa kwamadzi koyamba (osakwana 1 m). Chinthu chabwino chokulirapo chiyenera kukhala ndi kukula koyenera komanso kukhuthala kwakukulu. Zosawonongeka zotchinga madzi, ngakhale ndi kuchuluka kwa kufalikira komanso kutsika kwamphamvu kwambiri, zidzakhala ndi zolepheretsa madzi. Izi zikhoza kuyesedwa poyerekeza ndi maulendo angapo a kutentha. Pansi pamikhalidwe ya hydrolytic, gel osakaniza adzasweka kukhala madzi otsika mamasukidwe amadzi omwe amawononga kwambiri. Izi zimatheka poyambitsa kuyimitsidwa koyera madzi okhala ndi ufa wotupa kwa 2 h. Gelisi yotulukayo imasiyanitsidwa ndi madzi ochulukirapo ndikuyikidwa mu viscometer yozungulira kuti ayeze mamasukidwe akayendedwe asanafike ndi pambuyo pa 24 h pa 95 ° C. Kusiyana kwa kukhazikika kwa gel kumawoneka. Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika mozungulira 8h kuchokera 20°C mpaka 95°C ndi 8h kuchokera 95°C mpaka 20°C. Miyezo yoyenera yaku Germany imafuna mizungu 126 ya 8h.
4. Kugwirizana kwa 5 Kugwirizana kwa chotchinga chamadzi ndi khalidwe lofunika kwambiri pokhudzana ndi moyo wa chingwe cha fiber optic ndipo chiyenera kuganiziridwa pokhudzana ndi zipangizo za fiber optic zomwe zikukhudzidwa mpaka pano. Popeza kugwirizana kumatenga nthawi yayitali kuti ziwonekere, kuyezetsa kukalamba kofulumizitsa kuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, mwachitsanzo, chingwe chachitsulo chimapukutidwa, chokulungidwa ndi tepi yowuma yosagwira madzi ndikusungidwa m'chipinda chotentha cha 100 ° C kwa 10. masiku, pambuyo pake ubwino wake umayesedwa. Mphamvu yamakokedwe ndi kutalika kwa zinthu siziyenera kusintha ndi 20% pambuyo pa mayeso.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-22-2022