1 Kuyamba
Ndi chitukuko chachangu cha ukadaulo wolumikizirana zaka khumi zapitazi kapena kuti, gawo la zingwe za fiber lopti lakhala likukula. Monga zofunika zachilengedwe za zingwe za fiber opti zikupitilira kukula, momwemonso zofuna za zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito zingwe za her optic. Fiber Optic Cate Woletsa Madzi ndi zinthu wamba zoletsa madzi opezeka mu makampani a her optic, zomwe zimateteza kunyomera, komanso kutetezedwa ndi chinyezipo ndi chitukuko chokhazikika ndi chipilala cha fiber. M'zaka zaposachedwa, "malo owuma" adayambitsidwa ndi chingwe chowoneka bwino. Zotchinga zamtunduwu nthawi zambiri zimakhala kuphatikiza kwa tepi, ulusi kapena zokutira kuti madzi asalowerere kutalika koyambirira kwa chingwe. Ndi kulandidwa kokulirapo kwa chingwe chowuma cha fiber Zinthu zowuma zimagwiritsa ntchito polima pomwe zimamwa madzi kuti apange hydrogel, omwe amatupa ndipo amadzaza njira zolowa m'madzi. Kuphatikiza apo, monga momwe zowuma zowuma sizikhala ndi mafuta omata, ma sol sol kapena oyeretsa amafunikira kukonzekeretsa chinsinsi cha malo opumira, ndipo nthawi yopumira imachepetsedwa kwambiri. Kulemera kolemetsa kwa chingwe ndi chotsatira chabwino pakati pa chakunja cholimbikitsanso ulusi ndi chindapusa sichinachepetse, ndikupangitsa kuti ukhale chisankho chotchuka.
2 Madzi am'madzi pa chingwe ndi madzi osokoneza bongo
Chifukwa chachikulu chonjezerani miyeso yosiyanasiyana yoletsa madzi iyenera kutengedwa ndikuti madzi kulowa chingwe chidzawola mu hymorgen ndi o Mindate yoperekera fiberi, amachepetsa chiberekero cha chingwe. Njira zoletsa madzi zimadzaza ndi mafuta a mafuta ndikuwonjezera tepi yotseka madzi, yomwe imadzaza ndi kusiyana pakati pa chinsinsi ndi chinyezi kuti muchepetse madzi ndi chinyezi.
Matekisi opaka amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamiyeso yambiri mu zingwe za fiber optic (poyambirira zingwe), zinthu zotetezedwa izi sizingalepheretse kumiza madzi. Kupanga kwa "mitengo yamadzi" mu zinthu zolimbitsa thupi ndi chifukwa chachikulu chothandizira pakuthana. Limango lomwe liwiro limakhudzidwa limakhudzidwa ndi mitengo yamadzi nthawi zambiri limafotokozedwa motere: chifukwa cha ma molectusis amagetsi (mamolekyu amadzi akusinthidwa kudzera mumitundu yosiyanasiyana ya chingwe cholumikizira cha heata. Mamolekyu amadzi amalowera mu chiwerengero chosiyana ndi ma porero-ma pores muzinthu zowoneka bwino, ndikupanga "mitengo yamadzi pang'ono, ndikufalikira mu chipikacho, ndikukhudza chinsinsi. Pambuyo pazaka zofufuzira mayiko akudziko lonse ndikuyesa, mkati mwa 1980s, kuti mupeze njira yochotsera njira yabwino yolerera ndi kukula kwamitengo yamadzi, Nthawi yomweyo, chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwakunja ndi kulowa m'madzi, chotchinga chamadzi chitha kutseka madzi, osati kufalikira kwa chingwe.
3 Mwachidule za chingwe chamadzi
3. Kugawidwa kwa 1 fiber Optic chingwe chamadzi
Pali njira zambiri zomangirira zotchinga zamadzi zowoneka bwino, zomwe zitha kutchulidwa malinga ndi kapangidwe kawo, mtundu ndi makulidwe. Mwambiri, amatha kutchulidwa malinga ndi kapangidwe kake: Masamba owombera kawiri, osakhazikika amathingirira madzi obiriwira komanso mawonekedwe a filimu yamadzi. Chotchinga chamadzi chomwe chiri chotchinga madzi chimakhala makamaka chifukwa cha mayamwidwe amadzi (otchedwa chotchinga madzi), chomwe chimatha kutentha kwambiri Izi zimaphatikizapo ma polysaccharaczoride ndi ma polysaccharides osinthika.
Ngakhale ma blockers achilengedwe awa kapena a semi-achilengedwe amakhala ndi katundu wabwino, amakhala ndi zovuta ziwiri:
1) Ndiwo biodegrable ndipo 2) amakhala oyaka kwambiri. Izi zimawapangitsa kuti asagwiritsidwe ntchito zigawo za fiber. Mtundu wina wazodzola mu madzi ukuwakaimira ndi polyaclates, omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati madzi amakangana ndi zingwe zotsatila, zimatha kuthana ndi zingwe zowoneka bwino.
2) Akauma, amatha kupirira zogwiritsira ntchito zowoneka bwino (kuzungulira kwa njinga yam'madzi mpaka 90 ° C) osakhudza moyo wa chinsinsi, ndipo amathanso kupirira kutentha kwambiri kwa nthawi yayitali;
3) Madzi akalowa, amatha kupsa mtima mwachangu ndikupanga gel osakaniza kukula.
4) Pangani gel osalala kwambiri, ngakhale kutentha kwambiri kwa gel osakhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali.
Kaphatikizidwe wamadzi obwereketsa amatha kugawidwa m'njira zamankhwala - njira yosinthira ma polymerization polymerization), njira yawo yolumikizirana polymerization - njira ya disk 60 "y-ray. Njira yolumikizira mtanda imatengera "cobalt 60 60" γ-radiation njira. Njira zosiyanasiyana za synthesis zimakhala ndi madigiri osiyanasiyana a polymissistion ndikulumikizidwa motero chifukwa chake zofunika kwambiri pakuletsa madzi omwe amafunikira matepi otsetsereka. Ndi ma polyacry, ochepa okha omwe angakwaniritse zofunikira zinayi zomwe zili pamwambazi, malinga ndi zojambulajambula zamadzi (ma utotoni-zotumphukira) sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati gawo limodzi la sodium-solyacry) kuti mukwaniritse zambiri zamadzi mwachangu. Zofunikira zazikuluzi ndi: Mankhwala oyamwa madzi ambiri amatha kufikira pafupifupi 400, kugunda kwamadzi kumatha kufikira mphindi yoyamba kuti ayandire 75% yamadzi omwe amatengedwa ndi madzi omwe amakana; Madzi akutsutsa zolimbitsa thupi: Kutentha kwa kutentha kwa 90 kapena kutentha kwakukulu kwa ma 160 ° C, kukana ° Celsite Center ndi zizindikiro zamagetsi); Madzi otumphukira pambuyo popanga gel okhazikika: Pambuyo pa mizere yambiri ya mafuta (20 ° C ~ 95 ° C) Kukhazikika kwa gel osakaniza pambuyo pa ming'alu ya mafuta (20 ° C). Kukhazikika kwa gel kumasiyana kwambiri potengera njira ya kaphatikizidwe ndi zinthu zomwe wopanga amagwiritsa ntchito. Nthawi yomweyo, osati mwachangu kuchuluka, zabwinoko, zinthu zina zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisakhale ndi liwiro la ma hydrogel sizikugwirizana ndi vuto la madzi, koma osakwaniritsa mphamvu yamadzi.
3. 3 Makhalidwe atatu oletsa madzi ngati chingwe popanga, kuyesa, mayendedwe, kusungitsa mayeso omwe akugwiritsa ntchito chinsinsi, zofuna za tepi zoletsa matepi ndizotsatira:
1) Kugawa kowoneka bwino, zinthu zophatikizika popanda kuzirala komanso ufa, wokhala ndi mphamvu inayake, yoyenera zingwe;
2) yunifolomu, zosinthika, zabwino, popanga chingwe sichidzauzidwa ndikupanga
3) Kupanikizika kwakukulu, kuthamanga kwachangu, kukhazikika kwa gel;
4) Kukhazikika kwamitundu yabwino, koyenera njira zingapo pambuyo pake;
5) Kukhazikika kwamphamvu kwamphamvu, kulibe zigawo zina zilizonse, kugonjetsedwa ndi mabakiteriya komanso kukokoloka kwa nkhungu;
6) Kugwirizana bwino ndi zinthu zina za chingwe chowoneka bwino, kukana, etc.
4 zotchinga zowoneka bwino zamagetsi
Zotsatira zingapo zofufuzira zikuwonetsa kuti kukana kwamadzi osayenerera kwa kukhazikika kwakanthawi kwa ntchito yowonjezera ya chinsinsi kumabweretsa mavuto akulu. Kuvulaza kumeneku, pofufuza mafakitale ndi kuyendera chingwe cha fiberi ndikovuta kupeza, koma pang'onopang'ono kumawonekera munthawi yoika chingwe mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito. Chifukwa chake, kukula kwanthawi yoyeserera ndi koyenera, kuti mupeze maziko a maphwando onse omwe angavomereze, ndiye ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Kafukufuku wolemba wolemba, kufufuza ndi kuyesa pa malamba oletsa madzi apereka maziko olimba a chitukuko cha malamba otsetsereka. Dziwani magawo omwe amagwiritsa ntchito njira yotchingira madzi malinga ndi izi:
1) Zofunikira za chingwe cham'mimba cha madzi am'madzi (makamaka zofunikira za malingaliro azowoneka bwino muyezo wowoneka bwino);
2) zokumana nazo popanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zotchinga zamadzi ndi malipoti oyenerera;
3) Kufufuza kumabweretsa chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a matepi otsetsereka pamachitidwe a zingwe zamitsempha wazithunzi.
4. Maonekedwe 1
Maonekedwe a tepi yotchinga yamadzi iyenera kukhala ulusi wogawika kwambiri; Pamwambayo iyenera kukhala yosalala komanso yopanda makwinya, mikate ndi misozi; Payenera kubala mu kutalika kwa tepi; Zinthu zophatikizira ziyenera kukhala zopanda ulemu; Tepiyo iyenera kukhala bala mwamphamvu ndipo m'mphepete mwa tepi yokhala ndi manja ayenera kumasulidwa ku "udzu wa chipewa".
4.2 Mphamvu Yopanga Madzi
Mphamvu yakulima imatengera njira yopangira tepi ya polysiter, yomwe ili pansi pazinthu zofananira, makulidwe ake ndi ocheperako. Mphamvu yakuwoneka ya tepi yotchinga yamadzi imasiyanasiyana malinga ndi momwe chingwe chimakulungidwa kapena chokulungidwa mozungulira chingwe.
Ichi ndi chizindikiro chachikulu cha malamba awiri otsetsereka, pomwe njira yoyesera iyenera kukhala yogwirizana ndi chipangizocho, njira ndi kuyesa. Nkhani yayikulu yotsekereza mu tepi yotseka madzi ndikulumikizidwa pamtambo wa polyacter-sodium, yomwe imagwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa mapiko amtundu wa madzi, chifukwa kulibe gawo la anionic madzi. Mayamwidwe osokoneza bongo amayenda m'mikhalidwe yamadzi osiyanasiyana amasiyanasiyana, ngati mayamwidwe ochulukitsa madzi oyera ndi 100% ya mtengo wadzina; Mu mpopi wamadzi ndi 40% mpaka 60% (kutengera mtundu wa malo aliwonse); m'madzi am'madzi ndi 12%; Madzi apansi panthaka kapena madzi amphamvu ali ovuta kwambiri, ndizovuta kudziwa kuchuluka kwa mayamwidwe, ndipo phindu lake lidzakhala lotsika kwambiri. Kuti muwonetsetse zotchinga ndi moyo wa chinsinsi, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito tepi yotchinga madzi ndi kutalika kwa> 10mm.
4.3EClecal katundu
Nthawi zambiri, chingwe chowoneka bwino sichiri ndi kufala kwa magetsi a waya wachitsulo, kotero musaphatikizepo kugwiritsa ntchito tepi ya madzi osakanikirana, 33 yang qiang, etc.
Chingwe chamagetsi chikhalepo pamaso pa zizindikiro zamagetsi, zofunikira zapadera molingana ndi kapangidwe kake ndi mgwirizano.
4.4 Kukhazikika kwa matenthedwe mosiyanasiyana kwa matepi oletsa madzi kumatha kukwaniritsa zolimbitsa thupi: Kutentha kwa kutentha kwa 90 kapena kutentha kwa ntchito ya 160 ° C, kukana kutentha kwa 230 c the ° 50 Kuchita kwa tepi yotseka madzi sikuyenera kusintha pambuyo pa nthawi yokhazikika pa kutentha kumeneku.
Mphamvu ya gel ya gel iyenera kukhala mawonekedwe ofunikira kwambiri munthawi zonse, pomwe kukula kumangogwiritsidwa ntchito kuchepetsa kutalika kwa kulowetsedwa koyambirira kwa madzi (ochepera 1 m). Zinthu zabwino zokumba ziyenera kukhala ndi kuchuluka kwa kukula kwamphamvu komanso mafayilo apamwamba. Zinthu zopanda pake zamadzi, ngakhale ndi kuchuluka kwakukula kwamphamvu komanso mafayilo otsika, adzakhala ndi zotchinga zamadzi zopanda madzi. Izi zitha kuyesedwa poyerekeza ndi mitundu ingapo yamatenthedwe. Pansi pa hydrolytic mikhalidwe, gel imagwera m'matumba otsika omwe amawonongeka. Izi zimakwaniritsidwa ndikusintha kuyimitsidwa kwa madzi komwe kumakhala ndi ufa wotupa wa 2 h. Zotsatira zake zimalekanitsidwa ndi madzi owonjezera ndikuyika mu viziyo yozungulira kuti muyeze ma visness musanayambe ndipo pambuyo pa 24 h pa 95 ° C. Kusiyana kwa gel kukhazikika kwa gel kumatha kuwoneka. Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika muzozungulira 8h kuyambira 20 ° C mpaka 95 ° C mpaka 20 ° C. Miyezo ya ku Germany yoyenera imafunikira 126 CYLLS ya 8h.
4. 5 Kufananaku kugwirizana kwa chotchinga chamadzi ndikofunikira makamaka pakukhudzana ndi chinsinsi cha ulusi ndipo chifukwa chake ziyenera kuonedwa kuti ndizofanana ndi zingwe za chiberekero cha chiberekero chomwe chikuphatikizidwa mpaka pano. Pamene kuphatikizidwa kumatenga nthawi yayitali kuti adziwike, kuyesedwa kopitilira muyeso kuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, mwachitsanzo, chipika chambiri chimakhala choyera choyera, chokutidwa ndi tepi yowuma pa 100 ° C kwa masiku 10, pambuyo pake mkomweyo umalemedwa. Mphamvu yakuwoneka ndi kutalika kwa zinthuzo sikuyenera kusintha ndi 20% pambuyo poyesedwa.
Post Nthawi: Jul-22-2022