Pakukhazikitsa zida zamagetsi ndi mafakitale, kusankha mtundu wolakwika wa "chingwe chamagetsi amphamvu" kapena "chingwe chamagetsi otsika" kungayambitse kulephera kwa zida, kuzimitsa magetsi, ndi kuyimitsa kupanga, kapena ngozi zachitetezo pazochitika zazikulu. Komabe, anthu ambiri amangomvetsetsa pang'ono kusiyana kwa kapangidwe ka zinthu ziwirizi ndipo nthawi zambiri amasankha kutengera zomwe adakumana nazo kapena "kusunga ndalama", zomwe zimapangitsa kuti azichita zolakwika mobwerezabwereza. Kusankha chingwe cholakwika sikungoyambitsa mavuto a zida zokha komanso kungayambitse zoopsa zachitetezo. Lero, tiyeni tikambirane za kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pawo ndi "mavuto" atatu akuluakulu omwe muyenera kupewa posankha.
1. Kusanthula Kapangidwe: Zingwe Zokhala ndi Voltage Yaikulu vs Zokhala ndi Voltage Yochepa
Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti, "Zingwe zamphamvu kwambiri ndi zingwe zokhuthala kwambiri zamphamvu zochepa," koma kwenikweni, kapangidwe kake kali ndi kusiyana kwakukulu, ndipo gawo lililonse limasinthidwa bwino kuti ligwirizane ndi mulingo wamagetsi. Kuti mumvetse kusiyana, yambani ndi matanthauzo a "mphamvu yapamwamba" ndi "mphamvu yochepa":
Zingwe zamagetsi otsika: Voltage yovomerezeka ≤ 1 kV (nthawi zambiri 0.6/1 kV), yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pogawa nyumba ndi magetsi ang'onoang'ono;
Zingwe zamagetsi amphamvu: Mphamvu yamagetsi yovomerezeka ≥ 1 kV (nthawi zambiri 6 kV, 10 kV, 35 kV, 110 kV), yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza mphamvu, malo osinthira magetsi, ndi zida zazikulu zamafakitale.
(1) Wotsogolera: Osati “Wokhuthala” Koma “Kuyera N’kofunika”
Ma conductor a chingwe otsika mphamvu nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi mawaya amkuwa opyapyala okhala ndi zingwe zambiri (monga, zingwe 19 mu mawaya a BV), makamaka kuti akwaniritse zofunikira za "mphamvu yonyamula magetsi";
Ma conductor a chingwe champhamvu, ngakhale kuti ndi a mkuwa kapena aluminiyamu, ali ndi chiyero chapamwamba (≥99.95%) ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito njira ya "compact round stranding" (kuchepetsa voids) kuti achepetse kukana kwa pamwamba pa conductor ndikuchepetsa "zotsatira za khungu" pansi pa conductor high voltage (mphamvu yamagetsi imayang'ana pamwamba pa conductor, zomwe zimapangitsa kutentha).
(2) Chigawo Choteteza: Pakati pa "Chitetezo cha Zingwe Zambiri" za Ma Voltage Yaikulu
Magawo oteteza chingwe okhala ndi mphamvu zochepa ndi ofooka (monga, makulidwe a 0.6/1 kV oteteza chingwe ~3.4 mm), makamaka PVC kapenaXLPE, makamaka "kupatula kondakitala kuchokera kunja";
Zingwe zotetezera mawaya amphamvu kwambiri zimakhala zokhuthala kwambiri (chingwe cha 6 kV ~ 10 mm, 110 kV mpaka 20 mm) ndipo ziyenera kupambana mayeso okhwima monga "magetsi opirira ma frequency" ndi "magetsi opirira ma lightning impulse." Chofunika kwambiri, zingwe zotetezera mawaya amphamvu zimawonjezera matepi oletsa madzi ndi zigawo zoyendetsera mawaya mkati mwa zotetezera mawaya:
Tepi yotsekereza madzi: Imaletsa kulowa kwa madzi (chinyezi pansi pa mphamvu yamagetsi yapamwamba chingayambitse "kugwa kwa madzi," zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kutentha kuwonongeke);
Gawo loyendetsa magetsi pang'ono: Limaonetsetsa kuti magetsi akuyenda bwino (limaletsa kuchuluka kwa magetsi m'deralo, zomwe zingayambitse kutuluka kwa magetsi).
Deta: Chingwe chotetezera kutentha chimapanga 40%-50% ya mtengo wa chingwe chamagetsi amphamvu (15%-20% yokha ya chingwe chamagetsi otsika), chomwe ndi chifukwa chachikulu chomwe zingwe zamagetsi amphamvu zimakhala zodula kwambiri.
(3) Chishango cha Chitsulo ndi Chidebe cha Chitsulo: "Chida Cholimbana ndi Kusokoneza" kwa Zingwe Zamphamvu Kwambiri
Zingwe zotsika mphamvu nthawi zambiri zimakhala zopanda chitetezo (kupatula zingwe zolumikizira), ndipo majekete akunja makamaka PVC kapena polyethylene;
Zingwe zamagetsi amphamvu (makamaka ≥6 kV) ziyenera kukhala ndi chitetezo chachitsulo (monga,tepi yamkuwa, mkuwa woluka) ndi zikhatho zachitsulo (monga chikhatho cha lead, chikhatho cha aluminiyamu chopangidwa ndi corrugated):
Kuteteza kwachitsulo: Kumaletsa mphamvu yamagetsi yamphamvu mkati mwa chotenthetsera, kumachepetsa kusokoneza kwa magetsi (EMI), ndipo kumapereka njira yopezera mphamvu yamagetsi;
Chigoba chachitsulo: Chimawonjezera mphamvu ya makina (kukana kupsinjika ndi kupsinjika) ndipo chimagwira ntchito ngati "chishango choteteza pansi," zomwe zimachepetsanso mphamvu ya malo otetezera kutentha.
(4) Jekete Lakunja: Lolimba Kwambiri pa Zingwe Zokhala ndi Mphamvu Yaikulu
Majekete a chingwe otsika mphamvu amateteza kwambiri ku kuwonongeka ndi dzimbiri;
Majekete a chingwe amphamvu kwambiri ayeneranso kupirira mafuta, kuzizira, ozoni, ndi zina zotero (monga PVC + zowonjezera zomwe sizingagwere nyengo). Ntchito zapadera (monga zingwe za pansi pamadzi) zingafunikenso zida zachitsulo (zoletsa kuthamanga kwa madzi ndi kupsinjika kwa mphamvu).
2. “Mavuto” Atatu Ofunika Kupewa Posankha Zingwe
Mukamvetsetsa kusiyana kwa kapangidwe kake, muyeneranso kupewa "misampha yobisika" iyi panthawi yosankha; apo ayi, ndalama zitha kukwera, kapena zochitika zachitetezo zitha kuchitika.
(1) Kufunafuna “Zapamwamba” kapena “Mtengo Wotsika” Mosazindikira
Lingaliro Lolakwika: Ena amaganiza kuti "kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe zamagetsi amphamvu m'malo mwa zamagetsi otsika ndikotetezeka," kapena amagwiritsa ntchito zingwe zamagetsi otsika kuti asunge ndalama.
Chiwopsezo: Zingwe zamagetsi amphamvu kwambiri ndi zodula kwambiri; kusankha kosafunikira kwamagetsi amphamvu kumawonjezera bajeti. Kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe zamagetsi amphamvu kwambiri pamavuto amphamvu kwambiri kungawononge chitetezo nthawi yomweyo, zomwe zimayambitsa ma short circuits, moto, kapena kuyika anthu pangozi.
Njira Yolondola: Sankhani kutengera kuchuluka kwa magetsi ndi mphamvu zomwe zimafunika, mwachitsanzo, magetsi apakhomo (220V/380V) amagwiritsa ntchito zingwe zamagetsi otsika, ma mota amagetsi apamwamba (10 kV) ayenera kugwirizana ndi zingwe zamagetsi apamwamba — osa "tsitsa" kapena "kukweza" mwachimbulimbuli.
(2) Kunyalanyaza "Kuwonongeka Kobisika" Kochokera ku Chilengedwe
Lingaliro Lolakwika: Ganizirani za magetsi okha, sasamalani za chilengedwe, mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe wamba m'malo onyowa, otentha kwambiri, kapena omwe amawononga zinthu.
Chiwopsezo: Zingwe zamagetsi amphamvu kwambiri m'malo onyowa okhala ndi zishango kapena majekete owonongeka zimatha kukalamba chinyezi choteteza kutentha; zingwe zamagetsi zochepa m'malo otentha kwambiri (monga zipinda zophikira boiler) zimatha kufewa ndikulephera kugwira ntchito.
Njira Yoyenera: Fotokozani bwino momwe zinthu zimakhalira — zingwe zotetezedwa kuti ziikidwe m'manda, zingwe zotetezedwa kuti zisalowe m'madzi, zipangizo zotentha kwambiri (XLPE ≥90℃) m'malo otentha, majekete osapsa ndi dzimbiri m'mafakitale a mankhwala.
(3) Kunyalanyaza Kufananiza kwa "Kutha Kunyamula ndi Njira Yoyikira"
Lingaliro lolakwika: Ingoyang'anani pa mulingo wa magetsi okha, nyalanyazani mphamvu ya magetsi a chingwe (mphamvu yovomerezeka) kapena kupondereza/kupindika kwambiri mukayika.
Ngozi: Kusakwanira kwa mphamvu yamagetsi kumapangitsa kuti magetsi azitentha kwambiri ndipo kumathandizira kuti magetsi azikalamba msanga; mawaya opindika molakwika a zingwe zamagetsi amphamvu (monga kukoka mwamphamvu, kupindika kwambiri) amatha kuwononga chitetezo ndi chitetezo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ngozi yoti magetsi aziwonongeka.
Njira Yolondola: Sankhani zofunikira za chingwe kutengera mphamvu yeniyeni yowerengedwa (ganizirani mphamvu yoyambira, kutentha kozungulira); tsatirani mosamala zofunikira za radius yopindika panthawi yoyika (radius yopindika ya chingwe champhamvu nthawi zambiri imakhala ≥15 × m'mimba mwake wakunja wa conductor), pewani kupsinjika ndi kuwonetsedwa ndi dzuwa.
3. Kumbukirani "Malamulo Abwino Kwambiri" Atatu Opewera Mavuto Osankha
(1) Chongani Kapangidwe kake motsutsana ndi Voltage:
Chingwe choteteza mawaya amphamvu komanso zigawo zotetezera ndi zofunika kwambiri; zingwe zoteteza mawaya otsika sizifuna kupangidwa mopitirira muyeso.
(2) Gwirizanitsani Magiredi Moyenera:
Mphamvu yamagetsi, mphamvu, ndi malo ziyenera kufanana; musakweze kapena kuchepetsa mphamvu mwachisawawa.
(3) Tsimikizirani Zambiri Motsutsana ndi Miyezo:
Mphamvu yonyamulira magetsi, utali wopindika, ndi mulingo wotetezera ziyenera kutsatira miyezo ya dziko — musadalire kokha pa zomwe mwakumana nazo.
Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-29-2025