Muumisiri wamagetsi ndi zida zamafakitale, kusankha mtundu wolakwika wa "high-voltage cable" kapena "low-voltage cable" kungayambitse kulephera kwa zida, kuzimitsa kwamagetsi, kuyimitsidwa kwakupanga, kapena ngakhale ngozi zachitetezo pazifukwa zazikulu. Komabe, anthu ambiri amangomvetsetsa pang'onopang'ono kusiyana kwa kapangidwe ka zinthu ziwirizi ndipo nthawi zambiri amasankha potengera zomwe adakumana nazo kapena "kupulumutsa mtengo" zomwe zimatsogolera ku zolakwika mobwerezabwereza. Kusankha chingwe cholakwika sikungangoyambitsa kuwonongeka kwa zida komanso kungayambitse ngozi zomwe zingachitike.
1. Kusanthula Kwamapangidwe: Ma Cable High-Voltage vs Low-Voltage Cables
Anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti, "Zingwe zamphamvu kwambiri ndi zingwe zokhuthala kwambiri," koma kwenikweni, mapangidwe awo amasiyana kwambiri, ndipo gawo lililonse limasinthidwa ndendende ndi mphamvu yamagetsi. Kuti mumvetse kusiyanako, yambani ndi matanthauzo a "high-voltage" ndi "low-voltage":
Zingwe zotsika mphamvu: Zovoteledwa ≤ 1 kV (kawirikawiri 0.6/1 kV), zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogawa nyumba ndi zida zazing'ono zamagetsi;
Zingwe zamphamvu kwambiri: Zovoteledwa ≥ 1 kV (kawirikawiri 6 kV, 10 kV, 35 kV, 110 kV), zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza mphamvu, malo ocheperako, ndi zida zazikulu zamafakitale.
(1) Kondakitala: Osati “Wonenepa” koma “Nkhani Zoyera”
Ma kondakitala otsika kwambiri amapangidwa ndi mawaya amkuwa okhala ndi mizere yambiri (mwachitsanzo, zingwe 19 mu mawaya a BV), makamaka kuti akwaniritse zofunikira za "kunyamula pakali pano";
Ma kondakitala amagetsi amphamvu kwambiri, ngakhalenso amkuwa kapena aluminiyamu, amakhala ndi chiyero chokwera (≥99.95%) ndipo amatengera njira ya "compact round stranding" (kuchepetsa voids) kuti achepetse kukana kwa conductor pamwamba ndikuchepetsa "chikopa cha khungu" pamagetsi apamwamba (panopa amayang'ana pamwamba pa kondakitala, zomwe zimayambitsa kutentha).
(2) Insulation Layer: The Core of High-Voltage Cables' "Multi-Layer Protection"
Zingwe zotchingira zingwe zotsika mphamvu ndizochepa thupi (mwachitsanzo, 0.6/1 kV chingwe makulidwe a ~ 3.4 mm), makamaka PVC kapenaZithunzi za XLPE, makamaka kutumikira “kupatula wochititsa kunja”;
Zingwe zotchingira zingwe zamphamvu kwambiri zimakhala zokhuthala kwambiri (6 kV chingwe ~ 10 mm, 110 kV mpaka 20 mm) ndipo zimayenera kudutsa mayeso okhwima monga "ma frequency amphamvu kupirira voliyumu" ndi "mphamvu yamagetsi yolimbana ndi magetsi." Chofunika koposa, zingwe zamphamvu kwambiri zimawonjezera matepi otsekereza madzi ndi zigawo zopangira ma semi-conductive mkati mwa kutchinjiriza:
Tepi yotchinga madzi: Imalepheretsa kulowa kwa madzi (chinyezi pansi pa voteji yamphamvu chingayambitse "mitengo ya madzi," zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi asawonongeke);
Semi-conductive layer: Imawonetsetsa kuti magetsi agawidwe chimodzimodzi (amalepheretsa kukhazikika kwagawo komweko, komwe kungayambitse kutulutsa).
Deta: Kuyika kwazitsulo kumakhala 40% -50% ya mtengo wamagetsi okwera kwambiri (15% -20% yokha pamagetsi otsika), chomwe ndi chifukwa chachikulu chomwe zingwe zothamanga kwambiri zimakhala zodula.
(3) Shielding and Metallic Sheath: The “Armor Against Interference” ya Zingwe Zamagetsi Apamwamba
Zingwe zotsika mphamvu nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosanjikiza zotchingira (kupatula zingwe zolumikizira), zokhala ndi ma jekete akunja makamaka PVC kapena polyethylene;
Zingwe zamphamvu kwambiri (makamaka ≥6 kV) ziyenera kukhala zotchingira zitsulo (mwachitsanzo,tepi yamkuwa, zoluka zamkuwa) ndi zitsulo zachitsulo (mwachitsanzo, sheath ya lead, sheath ya malata):
Kutchinga kwachitsulo: Kumalepheretsa gawo lamphamvu kwambiri lamagetsi mkati mwa wosanjikiza, kumachepetsa kusokoneza kwamagetsi (EMI), komanso kumapereka njira yolakwika;
Metallic sheath: Imakulitsa mphamvu zamakina (kukhazikika ndi kuphwanya kukana) ndipo imagwira ntchito ngati "chishango chokhazikika," kumachepetsanso kulimba kwa malo otsekera.
(4) Jacket Yakunja: Yolimba Kwambiri Pazingwe Zamagetsi Amphamvu
Ma jekete a chingwe chotsika kwambiri amateteza makamaka kuti asavale ndi dzimbiri;
Ma jekete a chingwe champhamvu kwambiri ayenera kukananso mafuta, kuzizira, ozoni, ndi zina zotero (mwachitsanzo, PVC + zowonjezera zosagwira nyengo). Ntchito zapadera (mwachitsanzo, zingwe zapansi pamadzi) zingafunikenso zida zachitsulo (kukana kuthamanga kwa madzi ndi kupsinjika kwamphamvu).
2. 3 “Zovuta” Zofunika Kupewa Posankha Zingwe
Pambuyo pomvetsetsa kusiyana kwapangidwe, muyeneranso kupewa "misampha yobisika" iyi pakusankha; Apo ayi, ndalama zikhoza kuwonjezeka, kapena zochitika zachitetezo zikhoza kuchitika.
(1) Kutsata Mwakhungu “Makalasi Apamwamba” kapena “Mtengo Wotsika”
Maganizo olakwika: Ena amaganiza kuti “kugwiritsira ntchito zingwe zamphamvu kwambiri m’malo mokhala ndi magetsi ochepa n’kwabwino,” kapena amagwiritsa ntchito zingwe zotsika mphamvu kuti asunge ndalama.
Ngozi: Zingwe zamphamvu kwambiri ndizokwera mtengo kwambiri; Kusankha kwamagetsi kosafunikira kumawonjezera bajeti. Kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe zotsika mphamvu pamagetsi okwera kumatha kuwononga zotchingira nthawi yomweyo, kupangitsa mabwalo amfupi, kuyatsa, kapena kuyika anthu pangozi.
Njira Yolondola: Sankhani potengera mphamvu yamagetsi yeniyeni ndi zofunika za mphamvu, mwachitsanzo, magetsi apakhomo (220V/380V) amagwiritsa ntchito zingwe zotsika mphamvu, ma injini amphamvu kwambiri m'mafakitale (10 kV) amayenera kufananiza zingwe zamphamvu kwambiri - osayamba "kutsitsa" kapena "kukweza" mosawona.
(2) Kunyalanyaza "Zowonongeka Zobisika" zochokera ku Chilengedwe
Lingaliro lolakwika: Ganizirani mphamvu yamagetsi, ingonyalanyazani chilengedwe, mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe wamba m'malo achinyezi, kutentha kwambiri, kapena kuwononga mankhwala.
Ngozi: Zingwe zokhala ndi magetsi okwera kwambiri m'malo achinyezi okhala ndi zishango zowonongeka kapena ma jekete amatha kukhala ndi chinyezi chambiri kukalamba; zingwe zotsika mphamvu m'malo otentha kwambiri (mwachitsanzo, zipinda zowotchera) zimatha kufewetsa ndikulephera.
Njira Yolondola: Fotokozerani mikhalidwe yoyika - zingwe zokhala ndi zida zoyika m'manda, zingwe zopanda madzi zokhala ndi zida zapansi pamadzi, zida zotentha kwambiri (XLPE ≥90 ℃) zokhala ndi malo otentha, ma jekete osachita dzimbiri m'mafakitale amankhwala.
(3) Kunyalanyaza Kufananiza kwa "Kutha Kunyamula Panopa ndi Njira Yoyikira"
Lingaliro lolakwika: Ingoyang'anani kwambiri pamlingo wamagetsi, kunyalanyaza kuchuluka kwa chingwe (kuchuluka kovomerezeka) kapena kupondereza / kupindika pakuyala.
Zowopsa: Kusakwanira kwapano kumayambitsa kutentha kwambiri ndikufulumizitsa kukalamba kwa kutchinjiriza; Kupindika kosayenera kwa zingwe zamphamvu kwambiri (mwachitsanzo, kukokera kolimba, kupindika mopitirira muyeso) kumatha kuwononga chishango ndi kutsekereza, kupangitsa ngozi yowonongeka.
Njira Yolondola: Sankhani mafotokozedwe a chingwe kutengera kuwerengedwera komweku (ganizirani kuyambira pano, kutentha kozungulira); kutsatira mosamalitsa zopindika utali wozungulira zofunika pa unsembe (high-voteji chingwe kupinda utali wozungulira kawirikawiri ≥15 × kondakita m'mimba mwake), kupewa psinjika ndi kukhudzana ndi dzuwa.
3. Kumbukirani 3 "Malamulo Agolide" Kuti Mupewe Misampha Yosankha
(1) Onani Mapangidwe Otsutsana ndi Voltage:
High-voltage cable insulation and shielding layers ndi pachimake; zingwe zotsika mphamvu sizifuna kupangidwa mopitilira muyeso.
(2) Gwirizanitsani Makalasi Moyenera:
Mphamvu yamagetsi, mphamvu, ndi chilengedwe ziyenera kugwirizana; osakweza mwachimbulimbuli kapena kutsitsa.
(3) Tsimikizirani Tsatanetsatane Wotsutsana ndi Miyezo:
Kuthekera konyamulira pakali pano, mapindikidwe opindika, ndi mulingo wachitetezo ziyenera kutsata miyezo ya dziko - osadalira luso lokha.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-29-2025