Machitidwe amagetsi amakono amadalira kulumikizana pakati pa zipangizo zosiyanasiyana, mabwalo ozungulira, ndi zida zolumikizira. Kaya kutumiza mphamvu kapena zizindikiro zamagetsi, zingwe ndi maziko a kulumikizana kwa waya, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale gawo lofunikira la machitidwe onse.
Komabe, kufunika kwa majekete a chingwe (gawo lakunja lomwe limazungulira ndikuteteza ma conductor amkati) nthawi zambiri kumachepetsedwa. Kusankha zinthu zoyenera za jekete la chingwe ndi chisankho chofunikira kwambiri pakupanga ndi kupanga majekete, makamaka akagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ovuta. Kumvetsetsa bwino momwe makina amagwirira ntchito, kukana chilengedwe, kusinthasintha, mtengo, ndi kutsatira malamulo ndikofunikira kwambiri popanga chisankho chanzeru.
Pakati pa jekete la chingwe pali chishango chomwe chimateteza ndikutsimikizira kuti chingwe chamkati chili ndi moyo komanso kudalirika. Chitetezochi chimateteza ku chinyezi, mankhwala, kuwala kwa UV, komanso kupsinjika kwakuthupi monga kusweka ndi kugwedezeka.
Zipangizo zopangira majekete a chingwe zimayambira pa pulasitiki yosavuta mpaka ma polima apamwamba, iliyonse ili ndi mawonekedwe apadera kuti ikwaniritse zofunikira zinazake zachilengedwe ndi makina. Njira yosankhira ndiyofunika kwambiri chifukwa zipangizo zoyenera zimatsimikizira magwiridwe antchito abwino komanso chitetezo malinga ndi momwe amayembekezeredwa kugwiritsa ntchito.
Palibe yankho la "kukula kumodzi komwe kumakwanira onse" la majekete a chingwe. Zipangizo zomwe zasankhidwa zimatha kusiyana kwambiri kutengera momwe ntchitoyo ilili.
Pali zinthu zingapo zofunika kuziganizira posankha nsalu yoyenera ya jekete la chingwe.
1. Mkhalidwe wa Zachilengedwe
Kukana mankhwala ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri posankha majekete a chingwe, chifukwa ma waya amatha kukumana ndi mafuta, zosungunulira, ma asidi, kapena maziko, kutengera momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito. Jekete la chingwe losankhidwa bwino lingalepheretse kuwonongeka kapena dzimbiri kwa zigawo zake zapansi, motero kusunga umphumphu wa chingwe nthawi yonse yomwe chimagwira ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, m'malo opangira mankhwala komwe mankhwala amapezeka kawirikawiri, ndikofunikira kusankha zinthu zomwe zimatha kupirira mikhalidwe yovuta ngati imeneyi. Pano, mankhwala enieni omwe chingwecho chidzakumana nawo ayenera kuwunikidwa, chifukwa izi zimatsimikizira kufunikira kwa zipangizo zapadera monga fluoropolymers kuti zikwaniritse kukana kwambiri mankhwala.
Kukana kwa nyengo ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa ndi chinthu china chofunika kuganizira, makamaka pa zingwe zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito panja. Kuyang'anizana ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa kwa nthawi yayitali kungafooketse zipangizo zakale, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zofooka komanso zolephera. Zipangizo zopangidwa kuti zisawonongeke ndi kuwala kwa UV zimatsimikizira kuti chingwecho chimagwira ntchito bwino komanso cholimba ngakhale padzuwa lamphamvu. Pazinthu zoterezi, zipangizo zabwino kwambiri ndi CPE thermoplastics, CPE thermostats, kapena EPR thermostats. Zipangizo zina zapamwamba, monga cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE), zapangidwa kuti zipereke kukana kwa UV kowonjezereka, kuonetsetsa kuti chingwecho chikhale ndi moyo wautali pakugwiritsa ntchito panja.
Kuphatikiza apo, m'malo omwe chiopsezo cha moto chili chodetsa nkhawa, kusankha jekete la chingwe lomwe limatha kuyaka moto kapena lozimitsa lokha kungakhale chisankho chopulumutsa moyo. Zipangizozi zapangidwa kuti ziletse kufalikira kwa malawi, zomwe zimawonjezera chitetezo chofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito kofunikira. Pakutha kuyaka moto, zosankha zabwino kwambiri zimaphatikizapoPVCthermoplastics ndi CPE thermoplastics. Zipangizo zotere zimatha kuchepetsa kufalikira kwa malawi pamene zimachepetsa kutulutsa kwa mpweya woipa panthawi yoyaka.
2. Katundu wa Makina
Kukana kukanda, mphamvu yokoka, ndi kuthekera kophwanya jekete la chingwe zimakhudza mwachindunji kulimba kwa polyurethane. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito chingwecho pamene chimayenda m'malo ovuta kapena kumafuna kugwiridwa pafupipafupi. Mu ntchito zoyenda kwambiri, monga mu robotics kapena makina osinthasintha, kusankha jekete la chingwe lokhala ndi mphamvu zapamwamba zamakina kungathandize kupewa kusintha ndi kukonza pafupipafupi. Zipangizo zabwino kwambiri zotetezera kukalamba kwa jekete ndi polyurethane thermoplastics ndi CPE thermoplastics.
3. Zofunika Kuganizira pa Kutentha
Kutentha kwa chipangizo cha chingwe kungakhale kusiyana pakati pa kupambana kapena kulephera kwa dongosolo. Zipangizo zomwe sizingathe kupirira kutentha kwa chipangizocho zimatha kufooka munyengo yozizira kapena kuwonongeka zikakumana ndi kutentha kwambiri. Kuwonongeka kumeneku kungawononge umphumphu wa chingwecho ndikupangitsa kuti magetsi asagwire bwino ntchito, zomwe zingachititse kuti zinthu zisokonezeke kapena kuwononga chitetezo.
Ngakhale kuti zingwe zambiri zokhazikika zitha kuyesedwa kutentha mpaka 105°C, ntchito zapadera za PVC zingafunike kupirira kutentha kwambiri. Kwa mafakitale monga mafuta ndi gasi, ntchito zapadera zimafuna zipangizo, monga zipangizo za ITT Cannon's SJS, zomwe zimatha kupirira kutentha mpaka 200°C. Pa kutentha kwakukulu kumeneku, zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zingafunike kuganizira, kuphatikizapo PVC kumbali ya thermoplastic ndi CPE kapena EPR kapena CPR kumbali ya thermostat. Zipangizo zomwe zingagwire ntchito m'malo otere zimatha kupirira kutentha kwambiri ndikukana kukalamba kwa kutentha, zomwe zimatsimikizira kuti chingwecho chikugwira ntchito bwino pakapita nthawi.
Ganizirani malo otentha kwambiri, monga zida zobowolera m'mphepete mwa nyanja. M'malo otentha kwambiri komanso amphamvu awa, ndikofunikira kusankha zinthu zotetezera kutentha kwambiri popanda kuwonongeka kapena kulephera. Pomaliza, kusankha zinthu zoyenera zotetezera kutentha kumatha kuonetsetsa kuti zipangizozo zikugwira ntchito bwino komanso modalirika pamene zikuwonjezera nthawi ya moyo wa chipangizocho.
4. Kufunika Kokhala Wosinthasintha
Ntchito zina zimafuna kuti zingwe zikhale zosinthasintha pamene zikupindika ndi kupotoka mobwerezabwereza. Kufunika kosinthasintha kumeneku sikuchepetsa kufunikira kolimba; chifukwa chake, zipangizo ziyenera kusankhidwa mosamala kuti zigwirizane bwino ndi zofunikira ziwirizi. Pazochitika izi, zipangizo monga thermoplastic elastomers (TPE) kapena polyurethane (PUR) zimakondedwa chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwawo komanso kulimba kwawo.
Mwachitsanzo, zingwe zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu makina odzipangira okha m'mafakitale ziyenera kukhala zosinthasintha kwambiri kuti zigwirizane ndi kayendedwe ka makina monga maloboti. Maloboti okhala ndi maukonde omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pantchito monga kusankha ndi kuyika ziwalo ndi chitsanzo chabwino cha kufunikira kumeneku. Kapangidwe kawo kamalola kuyenda mosiyanasiyana, kuyika mphamvu nthawi zonse pa zingwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zomwe zimatha kupindika ndi kupotoka popanda kusokoneza magwiridwe antchito.
Pambuyo poganizira za momwe zinthu zilili, momwe makina amagwirira ntchito, kutentha, ndi zosowa zake zosinthasintha, ndikofunikiranso kudziwa kuti kukula kwa chingwe kumasiyana malinga ndi chipangizo chilichonse. Kuti chikhale chotetezeka ku chilengedwe, kukula kwa chingwe kuyenera kukhala mkati mwa malire otsekereza a chipolopolo chakumbuyo kapena cholumikizira.
Nthawi yotumizira: Ogasiti-12-2024