Zingwe zosagwira moto ndi njira yothandiza kuonetsetsa kuti magetsi alumikizidwa m'nyumba ndi m'mafakitale m'mikhalidwe yovuta kwambiri. Ngakhale kuti mphamvu zawo zoyaka moto ndizabwino kwambiri, kulowa kwa chinyezi kumabweretsa chiopsezo chobisika koma chobwerezabwereza chomwe chingasokoneze kwambiri magwiridwe antchito amagetsi, kulimba kwa nthawi yayitali, komanso kulepheretsa ntchito yawo yoteteza moto. Monga akatswiri odziwa bwino ntchito za zipangizo za chingwe, ONE WORLD ikumvetsa kuti kupewa chinyezi cha chingwe ndi vuto la dongosolo lonse kuyambira kusankha zinthu zapakati monga zinthu zotetezera kutentha ndi zinthu zophimba, mpaka kukhazikitsa, kumanga, ndi kukonza kosalekeza. Nkhaniyi ichita kusanthula mozama zinthu zolowera chinyezi, kuyambira pa makhalidwe a zipangizo zapakati monga LSZH, XLPE, ndi Magnesium Oxide.
1. Cable Ontology: Zipangizo Zazikulu ndi Kapangidwe kake monga Maziko a Kupewa Chinyezi
Kukana kwa chinyezi kwa chingwe chosagwira moto kumadalira kwambiri makhalidwe ndi kapangidwe ka mgwirizano wa zipangizo zake zazikulu za chingwe.
Kondakitala: Makondakitala a Copper kapena Aluminiyamu oyera kwambiri amakhala okhazikika pa mankhwala. Komabe, ngati chinyezi chilowa, chingayambitse dzimbiri lamagetsi lomwe limakhalapo nthawi zonse, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kondakitala achepetse gawo lake, kukana kwambiri, ndipo motero kukhala malo omwe angawopseze kutentha kwambiri m'deralo.
Chitsulo Choteteza: Chotchinga Chachikulu Chotsutsana ndi Chinyezi
Ma Inorganic Mineral Insulation Compounds (monga, Magnesium Oxide, Mica): Zipangizo monga Magnesium Oxide ndi Mica sizimayaka ndipo sizimatentha kwambiri. Komabe, kapangidwe ka microscopic ka ufa wawo kapena mica tape laminations kamakhala ndi mipata yomwe ingakhale njira yosavuta yofalitsira nthunzi ya madzi. Chifukwa chake, zingwe zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito ma insulation compounds otere (monga, Mineral Insulated Cables) ziyenera kudalira chitsulo chosasunthika (monga, chubu cha mkuwa) kuti zitsekedwe. Ngati chitsulo ichi chawonongeka panthawi yopanga kapena kuyika, kulowa kwa chinyezi mu insulation medium monga Magnesium Oxide kudzachepetsa kwambiri kukana kwake ku insulation.
Ma Polima Oteteza Kutenthetsa (monga XLPE): Kukana chinyezi kwaPolyethylene Yolumikizidwa ndi Mtanda (XLPE)Zimachokera ku kapangidwe ka netiweki ya magawo atatu komwe kamapangidwa panthawi yolumikizirana. Kapangidwe kameneka kamawonjezera kwambiri kuchuluka kwa polima, ndikuletsa kulowa kwa mamolekyulu amadzi. Ma compounds apamwamba kwambiri a XLPE insulation amakhala ndi kuyamwa kochepa kwa madzi (nthawi zambiri <0.1%). Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, XLPE yocheperako kapena yakale yokhala ndi zolakwika imatha kupanga njira zoyamwa chinyezi chifukwa cha kusweka kwa unyolo wa mamolekyulu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti magwiridwe antchito a insulation awonongeke kosatha.
Chigoba: Mzere Woyamba Wodzitetezera ku Chilengedwe
Chopopera Chochepa cha Zero Halogen (LSZH) Chopaka Utsi Wochepa: Kukana chinyezi ndi kukana kwa hydrolysis kwa zinthu za LSZH kumadalira mwachindunji kapangidwe ka kapangidwe kake ndi kugwirizana pakati pa matrix ake a polymer (monga polyolefin) ndi zodzaza za hydroxide zopanda organic (monga Aluminium Hydroxide, Magnesium Hydroxide). Chophimba cha LSZH chapamwamba kwambiri chiyenera, ngakhale chikupereka kuchedwa kwa moto, kupeza madzi ochepa komanso kukana kwa hydrolysis kwa nthawi yayitali kudzera mu njira zopangira mosamala kuti zitsimikizire magwiridwe antchito okhazikika oteteza m'malo onyowa kapena osungira madzi.
Chigoba cha Chitsulo (monga Aluminium-Plastic Composite Tape): Monga chotchinga chinyezi cha radial, kugwira ntchito bwino kwa Aluminium-Plastic Composite Tape kumadalira kwambiri ukadaulo wokonza ndi kutseka pa nthawi yake yayitali. Ngati chisindikizo chogwiritsa ntchito guluu wosungunuka pa malo olumikizirana awa sichikupitirira kapena chili ndi vuto, umphumphu wa chotchinga chonsecho umachepa kwambiri.
2. Kukhazikitsa ndi Kumanga: Kuyesa Kwa M'munda kwa Dongosolo Loteteza Zinthu
Kuposa 80% ya zingwe zomwe zimalowa ndi chinyezi zimachitika panthawi yokhazikitsa ndi kumanga. Ubwino wa zomangamanga umatsimikizira mwachindunji ngati kukana chinyezi kwa chingwecho kungagwiritsidwe ntchito mokwanira.
Kusayang'anira Zachilengedwe Kosakwanira: Kuyika, kudula, ndi kulumikizana kwa chingwe m'malo omwe chinyezi chapamwamba kuposa 85% kumapangitsa kuti nthunzi ya madzi kuchokera mumlengalenga isungunuke mwachangu pazingwe zodulidwa ndi malo owonekera a zinthu zotetezera kutentha ndi zinthu zodzaza. Pa zingwe zoteteza mchere za Magnesium Oxide, nthawi yowonekera iyenera kukhala yochepa; apo ayi, ufa wa Magnesium Oxide udzayamwa chinyezi mwachangu kuchokera mumlengalenga.
Zolakwika mu Ukadaulo Wotsekera ndi Zipangizo Zothandizira:
Malumikizidwe ndi Kutha kwa Malumikizidwe: Machubu ochepetsa kutentha, ma finishes ozizira, kapena zotsekera zothiridwa zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pano ndi maulumikizidwe ofunikira kwambiri mu dongosolo loteteza chinyezi. Ngati zipangizo zotsekerazi zili ndi mphamvu yocheperako yocheperako, mphamvu yosakwanira yomatirira ku chingwe chotchingira (monga LSZH), kapena kukana kukalamba, nthawi yomweyo zimakhala njira zazifupi zolowera nthunzi ya madzi.
Ma Conduit ndi Ma Cable Tray: Pambuyo poyika chingwe, ngati malekezero a ma conduit sanatsekedwe bwino ndi putty kapena sealant yaukadaulo yosapsa ndi moto, conduit imakhala "culvert" yomwe imasonkhanitsa chinyezi kapena madzi osayenda, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chidebe chakunja cha chingwecho chiwonongeke nthawi zonse.
Kuwonongeka kwa Makina: Kupindika kupitirira malire ocheperako opindika panthawi yoyika, kukoka ndi zida zakuthwa, kapena m'mbali zakuthwa panjira yoyika kungayambitse kukanda kosaoneka, kupindika, kapena ming'alu yaying'ono pa sheath ya LSZH kapena Aluminium-Plastic Composite Tape, zomwe zingawononge umphumphu wawo wotseka.
3. Kugwira Ntchito, Kusamalira, ndi Malo Ozungulira: Kulimba kwa Zinthu Pantchito Yanthawi Yaitali
Chingwe chikayikidwa, kukana kwake chinyezi kumadalira kulimba kwa zipangizo za chingwecho pamene zinthuzo zili ndi vuto la chilengedwe kwa nthawi yayitali.
Kuyang'anira Kukonza:
Kutseka kapena kuwononga ngalande/zitsime molakwika kumalola madzi amvula ndi madzi oundana kulowa mwachindunji. Kumiza kwa nthawi yayitali kumayesa kwambiri malire a hydrolysis resistance a LSZH sheathing compound.
Kulephera kukhazikitsa njira yowunikira nthawi ndi nthawi kumalepheretsa kuzindikira ndikusintha zotsekera zakale, zosweka, machubu ochepetsa kutentha, ndi zinthu zina zotsekera.
Zotsatira za Kukalamba kwa Mavuto a Zachilengedwe pa Zipangizo:
Kusinthasintha kwa Kutentha: Kusiyana kwa kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku komanso kwa nyengo kumayambitsa "kupuma" mkati mwa chingwe. Kupsinjika kumeneku, komwe kumachitika nthawi yayitali pazinthu za polima monga XLPE ndi LSZH, kungayambitse zolakwika zazing'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chinyezi chilowe.
Kuzimiririka kwa Mankhwala: Mu nthaka yokhala ndi asidi/alkaline kapena m'malo opangira mafakitale okhala ndi zinthu zowononga, maunyolo a polima a LSZH sheath ndi zitsulo amatha kuukiridwa ndi mankhwala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zinthu ziume, kubowoka, komanso kutayika kwa ntchito yoteteza.
Mapeto ndi Malangizo
Kupewa chinyezi m'zingwe zosagwira moto ndi ntchito yokhazikika yomwe imafuna mgwirizano wamitundu yambiri kuchokera mkati kupita kunja. Imayamba ndi zipangizo zapakati pa zingwe - monga ma compounds a XLPE insulation okhala ndi kapangidwe kolimba kolumikizidwa, ma compounds a LSZH sheathing opangidwa mwasayansi osagwirizana ndi hydrolysis, ndi ma Magnesium Oxide insulation systems omwe amadalira ma sheaths achitsulo kuti atseke kwathunthu. Izi zimachitika kudzera mu kapangidwe kokhazikika komanso kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zothandizira monga ma sealant ndi machubu ochepetsa kutentha. Ndipo pamapeto pake zimatengera kasamalidwe kokonzekera kolosera.
Chifukwa chake, kupeza zinthu zopangidwa ndi zingwe zogwira ntchito bwino kwambiri (monga LSZH yapamwamba, XLPE, Magnesium Oxide) komanso zokhala ndi kapangidwe kabwino ka kapangidwe kake ndiye maziko ofunikira kwambiri pakumanga kukana chinyezi panthawi yonse ya moyo wa chingwe. Kumvetsetsa mozama ndi kulemekeza mawonekedwe ndi kapangidwe ka zinthu za chingwe chilichonse ndiye poyambira kuzindikira, kuwunika, ndikuletsa zoopsa zolowa mu chinyezi.
Nthawi yotumizira: Novembala-27-2025