Pambuyo pa zaka zambiri za chitukuko, ukadaulo wopanga zingwe zowunikira wakula kwambiri. Kuwonjezera pa makhalidwe odziwika bwino a mphamvu yayikulu yopezera chidziwitso komanso magwiridwe antchito abwino otumizira, zingwe zowunikira zimafunikanso kukhala ndi ubwino wa kukula kochepa komanso kulemera kopepuka. Makhalidwe awa a chingwe chowunikira amagwirizana kwambiri ndi magwiridwe antchito a ulusi wowunikira, kapangidwe ka chingwe chowunikira ndi njira yopangira, komanso zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi zipangizo zosiyanasiyana ndi zinthu zomwe zimapanga chingwe chowunikira.
Kuwonjezera pa ulusi wa kuwala, zipangizo zazikulu zomwe zili mu zingwe za kuwala zimaphatikizapo magulu atatu:
1. Zipangizo za polima: zinthu zolimba za chubu, zinthu za chubu chosasunthika cha PBT, zinthu za chikwama cha PE, zinthu za chikwama cha PVC, mafuta odzola, tepi yotsekera madzi, tepi ya polyester
2. Zinthu zophatikizika: tepi yophatikizika ya aluminiyamu-pulasitiki, tepi yophatikizika yachitsulo-pulasitiki
3. Zipangizo zachitsulo: waya wachitsulo
Lero tikulankhula za makhalidwe a zipangizo zazikulu zomwe zili mu chingwe cha kuwala ndi mavuto omwe amapezeka nthawi zambiri, tikuyembekeza kuti angathandize opanga chingwe cha kuwala.
1. Zipangizo zolimba za chubu
Zipangizo zambiri zoyambirira zomangira chubu cholimba zinali kugwiritsa ntchito nayiloni. Ubwino wake ndi wakuti chili ndi mphamvu zinazake komanso kukana kukalamba. Choyipa chake ndi chakuti magwiridwe antchito ake ndi oipa, kutentha kwa ntchito yake ndi kochepa, n'kovuta kulamulira, ndipo mtengo wake ndi wokwera. Pakadali pano, pali zipangizo zatsopano zapamwamba komanso zotsika mtengo, monga PVC yosinthidwa, elastomers, ndi zina zotero. Kuchokera pamalingaliro opanga, zinthu zoletsa moto komanso zopanda halogen ndizomwe zimapewedwa kwambiri ndi zinthu zomangira chubu cholimba. Opanga zingwe zowunikira ayenera kulabadira izi.
2. PBT chubu chomasuka
PBT imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu chubu chomasuka cha ulusi wa kuwala chifukwa cha mphamvu zake zabwino kwambiri zamakaniko komanso kukana mankhwala. Mphamvu zake zambiri zimagwirizana kwambiri ndi kulemera kwa mamolekyulu. Pamene kulemera kwa mamolekyulu kuli kwakukulu mokwanira, mphamvu yokoka, mphamvu yosinthasintha, ndi mphamvu yokhudza zimakhala zambiri. Pakupanga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwenikweni, chisamaliro chiyenera kuperekedwa pakuwongolera mphamvu yolipira panthawi yolumikiza mawaya.
3. Mafuta odzola
Ulusi wa kuwala umakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi OH–. Madzi ndi chinyezi zimakulitsa ming'alu yaying'ono pamwamba pa ulusi wa kuwala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu ya ulusi wa kuwala ichepe kwambiri. Hydrogen yomwe imachitika chifukwa cha kusintha kwa mankhwala pakati pa chinyezi ndi zinthu zachitsulo idzapangitsa kuti ulusi wa kuwala utayike ndipo izi zimakhudza ubwino wa chingwe cha ulusi wa kuwala. Chifukwa chake, kusintha kwa hydrogen ndi chizindikiro chofunikira cha mafuta.
4. Tepi yotsekereza madzi
Tepi yotchinga madzi imagwiritsa ntchito guluu kuti imamatire utomoni woyamwa madzi pakati pa zigawo ziwiri za nsalu zosalukidwa. Madzi akalowa mkati mwa chingwe chowunikira, utomoni woyamwa madzi umayamwa madzi mwachangu ndikufutukuka, kudzaza mipata ya chingwe chowunikira, motero kuletsa madzi kuyenda motalikirapo komanso mozungulira mu chingwecho. Kuphatikiza pa kukana bwino madzi ndi kukhazikika kwa mankhwala, kutalika kwa kutupa ndi kuchuluka kwa kuyamwa madzi pa unit time ndi zizindikiro zofunika kwambiri za tepi yotseka madzi.
5. Tepi yachitsulo ya pulasitiki yophatikizika ndi tepi ya aluminiyamu ya pulasitiki yophatikizika
Tepi yachitsulo ya pulasitiki yophatikizika ndi tepi ya aluminiyamu ya pulasitiki yophatikizika mu chingwe chowunikira nthawi zambiri imakhala yolumikizidwa ndi corrugated, ndipo imapanga chivundikiro chokwanira ndi chivundikiro chakunja cha PE. Mphamvu ya peel ya tepi yachitsulo/chojambula cha aluminiyamu ndi filimu ya pulasitiki, mphamvu yotseka kutentha pakati pa matepi ophatikizika, ndi mphamvu yolumikizira pakati pa tepi yophatikizika ndi chivundikiro chakunja cha PE zimakhudza kwambiri magwiridwe antchito a chingwe chowunikira. Kugwirizana kwa mafuta ndikofunikiranso, ndipo mawonekedwe a tepi yophatikizika yachitsulo ayenera kukhala athyathyathya, oyera, opanda ma burrs, komanso opanda kuwonongeka kwa makina. Kuphatikiza apo, popeza tepi yophatikizika ya pulasitiki yachitsulo iyenera kukulungidwa motalikira kudzera mu die ya kukula panthawi yopanga, kufanana kwa makulidwe ndi mphamvu ya makina ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa wopanga chingwe chowunikira.
Nthawi yotumizira: Okutobala-19-2022