Mu nthawi ino ya chitukuko cha chidziwitso mwachangu, ukadaulo wolumikizirana wakhala chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu. Kuyambira kulankhulana kwa mafoni tsiku ndi tsiku ndi intaneti mpaka kugwiritsa ntchito makina oyendetsera mafakitale ndi kuyang'anira kutali, zingwe zolumikizirana zimakhala ngati "misewu yayikulu" yotumizira chidziwitso ndipo zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Pakati pa mitundu yambiri ya zingwe zolumikizirana, chingwe cha coaxial chimadziwika chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake kapadera komanso magwiridwe antchito apamwamba, chomwe chimakhalabe chimodzi mwazofunikira kwambiri potumizira zizindikiro.
Mbiri ya chingwe cha coaxial inayamba kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1800. Chifukwa cha kubuka ndi kusintha kwa ukadaulo wolumikizirana pa wailesi, panali kufunika kwakukulu kwa chingwe chomwe chingathe kutumiza bwino zizindikiro zama frequency apamwamba. Mu 1880, wasayansi waku Britain Oliver Heaviside adapereka lingaliro loyamba la chingwe cha coaxial ndipo adapanga kapangidwe kake koyambira. Pambuyo pa kusintha kosalekeza, zingwe za coaxial pang'onopang'ono zidayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pankhani yolumikizirana, makamaka pa wailesi yakanema, kulumikizana kwa ma frequency a wailesi, ndi machitidwe a radar.
Komabe, tikamaganizira kwambiri za malo okhala m'nyanja—makamaka mkati mwa zombo ndi mainjiniya a m'nyanja—zingwe za coaxial zimakumana ndi mavuto ambiri. Malo okhala m'nyanja ndi ovuta komanso osinthasintha. Pa nthawi yoyenda, zombo zimakumana ndi mafunde, dzimbiri la mchere, kusinthasintha kwa kutentha, komanso kusokonezeka kwa maginito. Zinthu zovutazi zimapangitsa kuti chingwe chigwire ntchito bwino kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chingwe cha coaxial cha m'nyanja chikhale cholimba. Zopangidwira makamaka malo okhala m'nyanja, zingwe za coaxial za m'nyanja zimapereka chitetezo chokwanira komanso kukana kusokonezeka kwa maginito, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kutumiza deta kutali komanso kulumikizana mwachangu komanso mwachangu. Ngakhale m'malo ovuta okhala m'nyanja, zingwe za coaxial za m'nyanja zimatha kutumiza zizindikiro mokhazikika komanso modalirika.
Chingwe cha coaxial cha m'madzi ndi chingwe cholumikizirana chapamwamba chomwe chimapangidwa bwino kwambiri m'mapangidwe ndi zinthu kuti chikwaniritse zofunikira kwambiri m'malo am'madzi. Poyerekeza ndi zingwe zokhazikika za coaxial, zingwe za coaxial za m'madzi zimasiyana kwambiri pakusankha zinthu ndi kapangidwe kake.
Kapangidwe koyambira ka chingwe cha coaxial cha m'madzi kali ndi magawo anayi: kondakitala wamkati, gawo loteteza kutentha, kondakitala wakunja, ndi chigoba. Kapangidwe kameneka kamathandiza kutumiza ma signal mwachangu komanso mogwira mtima pamene kamachepetsa kuchepa kwa ma signal ndi kusokonezana.
Kondakitala Wamkati: Kondakitala wamkati ndiye maziko a chingwe cha coaxial cha m'madzi, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimapangidwa ndi mkuwa woyera kwambiri. Kuyenda bwino kwa Copper kumatsimikizira kutayika kochepa kwa chizindikiro panthawi yotumiza. Kukula kwake ndi mawonekedwe a kondakitala wamkati ndizofunikira kwambiri pakugwira ntchito bwino kwa kutumiza ndipo zimakonzedwa bwino kuti zizitha kutumiza bwino m'madzi.
Chigawo Chotetezera: Chigawo chotetezera kutentha chikayikidwa pakati pa ma conductor amkati ndi akunja, chimaletsa kutuluka kwa ma signal ndi ma short circuits. Zipangizozo ziyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu zabwino kwambiri za dielectric, mphamvu ya makina, komanso kukana dzimbiri la salt spray, kutentha kwakukulu komanso kotsika. Zipangizo zodziwika bwino zimaphatikizapo PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) ndi Foam Polyethylene (Foam PE)—zonse zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu zingwe za coaxial zam'madzi chifukwa cha kukhazikika kwawo komanso magwiridwe antchito m'malo ovuta.
Choyendetsa Chakunja: Chogwira ntchito ngati gawo loteteza, choyendetsa chakunja nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi waya wamkuwa wokulungidwa pamodzi ndi zojambulazo za aluminiyamu. Chimateteza chizindikirocho ku kusokonezedwa kwa maginito akunja (EMI). Mu zingwe za coaxial zam'madzi, kapangidwe ka chotetezacho kamalimbikitsidwa kuti chikhale cholimba kwambiri pa EMI komanso kuti chisamagwedezeke, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chizindikirocho chikhale cholimba ngakhale m'nyanja zovuta.
Chigoba: Chigoba chakunja chimateteza chingwe ku kuwonongeka kwa makina ndi kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe. Chigoba cha chingwe cha coaxial cha m'nyanja chiyenera kukhala choletsa moto, cholimba, komanso cholimba. Zinthu zodziwika bwino zimaphatikizapochopanda utsi wambiri (LSZH)polyolefini ndiPVC (polyvinyl chloride)Zipangizozi sizimangosankhidwa chifukwa cha chitetezo chawo komanso kuti zigwirizane ndi miyezo yokhwima ya chitetezo cha m'madzi.
Zingwe za coaxial za m'madzi zimatha kugawidwa m'njira zingapo:
Ndi Kapangidwe:
Chingwe cha coaxial chokhala ndi chishango chimodzi: Chili ndi gawo limodzi la chitetezo (cholukidwa kapena chopangidwa ndi foil) ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka zizindikiro zamtundu uliwonse.
Chingwe cha coaxial chokhala ndi zikopa ziwiri: Chili ndi zojambulazo za aluminiyamu komanso waya wamkuwa wokulungidwa m'chitini, zomwe zimapereka chitetezo champhamvu cha EMI—chabwino kwambiri m'malo omwe pali phokoso lamagetsi.
Chingwe cha coaxial chotetezedwa ndi zida: Chimawonjezera waya wachitsulo kapena tepi yachitsulo kuti chitetezedwe ndi makina m'malo ovuta kwambiri kapena owonekera.
Mwa Kuchuluka:
Chingwe cha coaxial chotsika kwambiri: Chopangidwira zizindikiro zotsika kwambiri monga mawu kapena deta yothamanga kwambiri. Zingwezi nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi chowongolera chaching'ono komanso choteteza kutentha chocheperako.
Chingwe cha coaxial chapamwamba kwambiri: Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza ma signali achangu kwambiri monga machitidwe a radar kapena kulumikizana kwa satellite, nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi ma conductor akuluakulu komanso zida zotenthetsera zamagetsi zamagetsi kuti zichepetse kuchepa kwa magetsi ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito.
Pogwiritsa Ntchito:
Chingwe cha coaxial cha radar system: Chimafuna kuchepa kwa mphamvu komanso kukana kwakukulu kwa EMI kuti chizindikiro cha radar chifalikire molondola.
Chingwe cha coaxial cholumikizirana ndi satellite: Chopangidwira kutumiza mauthenga akutali, pafupipafupi kwambiri komanso kukana kutentha kwambiri.
Chingwe cha coaxial cha makina oyendetsera sitima: Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makina oyendetsera zinthu zofunika kwambiri, chomwe chimafuna kudalirika kwambiri, kukana kugwedezeka, komanso kukana dzimbiri pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala opopera mchere.
Chingwe cha coaxial cha makina osangalalira a m'nyanja: Chimatumiza zizindikiro za TV ndi mawu m'bwato ndipo chimafuna umphumphu wabwino kwambiri wa zizindikiro komanso kukana kusokonezedwa.
Zofunikira pakuchita bwino:
Kuti zingwe za coaxial za m'nyanja zigwire ntchito bwino komanso modalirika m'malo a m'nyanja, ziyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zingapo:
Kukana Kupopera Mchere: Kuchuluka kwa mchere m'malo a m'nyanja kumayambitsa dzimbiri lamphamvu. Zipangizo za m'nyanja za coaxial ziyenera kukana dzimbiri la kupopera mchere kuti zisawonongeke kwa nthawi yayitali.
Kukana Kusokonezedwa ndi Magetsi: Zombo zimapanga EMI yamphamvu kuchokera ku machitidwe osiyanasiyana omwe ali m'sitima. Zipangizo zotetezera zogwira ntchito bwino komanso zomangamanga ziwiri zimatsimikizira kutumiza kwa chizindikiro chokhazikika.
Kukana Kugwedezeka: Kuyenda m'madzi kumayambitsa kugwedezeka kosalekeza. Chingwe cha coaxial cha m'madzi chiyenera kukhala cholimba kwambiri kuti chipirire kusuntha kosalekeza ndi kugwedezeka.
Kukana Kutentha: Popeza kutentha kumayambira -40°C mpaka +70°C m'madera osiyanasiyana a nyanja, chingwe cha coaxial cha m'nyanja chiyenera kugwira ntchito bwino nthawi zonse m'malo ovuta kwambiri.
Kuletsa Moto: Pakabuka moto, kuyaka kwa chingwe sikuyenera kutulutsa utsi wochuluka kapena mpweya woopsa. Chifukwa chake, zingwe za coaxial zam'madzi zimagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopanda utsi wambiri zomwe zimagwirizana ndi IEC 60332 zomwe sizimaletsa moto, komanso IEC 60754-1/2 ndi IEC 61034-1/2 zomwe sizimaletsa utsi wambiri.
Kuphatikiza apo, zingwe za coaxial zam'madzi ziyenera kukwaniritsa miyezo yokhwima yovomerezeka kuchokera ku International Maritime Organisation (IMO) ndi mabungwe ogawa magulu monga DNV, ABS, ndi CCS, kuonetsetsa kuti zikugwira ntchito bwino komanso zotetezeka pantchito zofunika kwambiri zam'madzi.
Zokhudza DZIKO LIMODZI
ONE WORLD imagwira ntchito kwambiri popanga mawaya ndi mawaya. Timapereka zinthu zapamwamba kwambiri zopangira mawaya a coaxial, kuphatikizapo tepi yamkuwa, tepi ya aluminiyamu ya Mylar, ndi mankhwala a LSZH, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa ntchito zapamadzi, zamatelefoni, ndi zamagetsi. Ndi chithandizo chodalirika komanso chaukadaulo, timapereka chithandizo kwa opanga mawaya padziko lonse lapansi.
Nthawi yotumizira: Meyi-26-2025