Munthawi ino yachidziwitso chofulumira, ukadaulo wolumikizana ndi anthu wasanduka mphamvu yayikulu yoyendetsera chitukuko cha anthu. Kuchokera pakulankhulana kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kwa mafoni ndi intaneti kupita ku makina opanga mafakitale ndi kuyang'anira kutali, zingwe zoyankhulirana zimakhala ngati "misewu" yotumizira mauthenga ndipo imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Pakati pa mitundu yambiri ya zingwe zoyankhulirana, chingwe cha coaxial chimadziwika chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ake apadera komanso ntchito yabwino kwambiri, yomwe imakhalabe imodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri zofalitsa mauthenga.
Mbiri ya chingwe cha coaxial idayamba chakumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 19. Ndi kuwonekera ndi kusinthika kwaukadaulo waukadaulo wolumikizirana pawailesi, pakufunika kufunikira kwa chingwe chotha kutumiza bwino ma siginecha apamwamba kwambiri. Mu 1880, wasayansi waku Britain Oliver Heaviside adapereka lingaliro la chingwe cha coaxial ndikupanga mawonekedwe ake. Pambuyo pakusintha kosalekeza, zingwe za coaxial pang'onopang'ono zidayamba kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pankhani yolankhulirana, makamaka pawailesi yakanema, kulumikizana kwa ma radio pafupipafupi, ndi makina a radar.
Komabe, tikamayang'ana kwambiri zamadzi am'madzi, makamaka m'sitima ndi uinjiniya wakunyanja - zingwe zama coaxial zimakumana ndi zovuta zambiri. Malo a m'nyanja ndi ovuta komanso osinthasintha. Pakuyenda panyanja, zombo zimakumana ndi mafunde, corrosion ya mchere, kusinthasintha kwa kutentha, komanso kusokonezedwa ndi ma elekitiroma. Mikhalidwe yovutayi imapangitsa kuti chingwe chikhale chokwera kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chingwe cha coaxial. Zomwe zimapangidwira m'madzi am'madzi, zingwe zam'madzi za coaxial zimapereka chitetezo chowonjezereka komanso kukana kwambiri kusokonezedwa ndi ma electromagnetic, zomwe zimawapangitsa kukhala oyenera kutumizirana mtunda wautali komanso bandwidth yayikulu, kulumikizana kwa data mwachangu. Ngakhale m'madera ovuta kwambiri, zingwe zapanyanja zokhala ndi coaxial zimatha kutumiza mazizindikiro mokhazikika komanso modalirika.
Chingwe cholumikizira m'madzi ndi chingwe choyankhulirana chogwira ntchito kwambiri chomwe chimakongoletsedwa munjira zonse ndi zinthu kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira zam'madzi am'madzi. Poyerekeza ndi zingwe zokhazikika za coaxial, zingwe zam'madzi za coaxial zimasiyana kwambiri pakusankha zinthu komanso kapangidwe kake.
Mapangidwe oyambira a chingwe cha coaxial cha m'madzi ali ndi magawo anayi: kondakitala wamkati, wosanjikiza wotsekera, kondakita wakunja, ndi sheath. Kapangidwe kameneka kamathandizira kufalitsa ma siginecha pafupipafupi komanso kumachepetsa kudodometsa kwa ma sign ndi kusokoneza.
Kondakitala Wamkati: Woyendetsa wamkati ndiye pakatikati pa chingwe cha coaxial, chomwe chimapangidwa kuchokera ku mkuwa woyengedwa kwambiri. Kuwongolera kwabwino kwa Copper kumatsimikizira kutayika kwazizindikiro pang'ono panthawi yopatsira. M'mimba mwake ndi mawonekedwe a kondakitala wamkati ndizofunika kwambiri kuti zitha kufalikira ndipo zimakonzedwa kuti zitha kufalikira mosasunthika m'mikhalidwe yam'madzi.
Insulation Layer: Yoyikidwa pakati pa ma conductor amkati ndi akunja, wosanjikiza wotsekereza amalepheretsa kutayikira kwa chizindikiro ndi mabwalo aafupi. Zinthuzo ziyenera kuwonetsa zinthu zabwino kwambiri za dielectric, mphamvu zamakina, komanso kukana dzimbiri kutsitsi mchere, kutentha kwambiri komanso kutsika. Zipangizo zodziwika bwino ndi monga PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) ndi Foam Polyethylene (Foam PE)—zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu zingwe zapamadzi za coaxial kuti zikhazikike komanso kugwira ntchito m'malo ovuta.
Kondakitala Wakunja: Imagwira ntchito ngati chotchinga, kondakitala wakunja nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi mawaya amkuwa omangika pamodzi ndi zojambulazo za aluminiyamu. Imateteza chizindikiro ku kusokoneza kwamagetsi akunja (EMI). Mu zingwe za m'madzi za coaxial, mawonekedwe otchinga amalimbikitsidwa kuti azitha kukana kwambiri ndi EMI komanso magwiridwe antchito a anti-vibration, kuwonetsetsa kukhazikika kwazizindikiro ngakhale m'nyanja yoyipa.
Sheath: Wosanjikiza wakunja amateteza chingwe ku kuwonongeka kwamakina komanso kukhudzana ndi chilengedwe. M'chimake wa chingwe coaxial wa m'madzi uyenera kukhala wosagwira moto, wosamva ma abrasion, komanso osachita dzimbiri. Zida wamba zikuphatikizapolow smoke halogen-free (LSZH)polyolefin ndiPVC (polyvinyl kolorayidi). Zidazi zimasankhidwa osati chifukwa cha chitetezo chawo komanso kuti zigwirizane ndi malamulo okhwima a chitetezo cha m'madzi.
Zingwe zam'madzi za coaxial zitha kugawidwa m'njira zingapo:
Mwa Kapangidwe:
Chingwe chokhala ndi chishango chimodzi: Chingwe chotchinga chimodzi (chotchinga kapena chojambula) ndipo ndichoyenera malo otumizira ma siginecha.
Chingwe cha coaxial chotchinga pawiri: Chimakhala ndi zojambulazo za aluminiyamu komanso mawaya amkuwa omata, omwe amapereka chitetezo chowonjezereka cha EMI—choyenera kuti pazikhala phokoso lamagetsi.
Armored coaxial cable: Imawonjezera waya wachitsulo kapena wosanjikiza zida zankhondo za tepi kuti zitetezeke pamakina pazovuta kwambiri kapena zowonekera panyanja.
Mwa pafupipafupi:
Low-frequency coaxial chingwe: Chopangidwira ma siginecha otsika kwambiri monga ma audio kapena ma data otsika. Zingwezi nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi kondakitala yaying'ono komanso zotchingira zocheperako.
High-frequency coaxial cable: Amagwiritsidwa ntchito potumiza ma siginecha othamanga kwambiri monga makina a radar kapena kulumikizana ndi satelayiti, nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ma conductor akuluakulu komanso zida zotchinjiriza zokhala ndi dielectric nthawi zonse kuti achepetse kuchepa ndikuwonjezera mphamvu.
Pogwiritsa Ntchito:
Radar system coaxial chingwe: Imafunikira kutsika pang'ono komanso kukana kwakukulu kwa EMI pakutumiza kolondola kwa ma radar.
Satellite communication coaxial cable: Yopangidwira kufalikira kwautali, ma frequency apamwamba komanso kukana kwambiri kutentha kwambiri.
Marine navigation system coaxial chingwe: Imagwiritsidwa ntchito mumayendedwe ovuta kwambiri, omwe amafunikira kudalirika kwambiri, kukana kugwedezeka, komanso kukana kutsekemera kwa mchere wamchere.
Chingwe chosangalatsa cha m'madzi cham'madzi: Chimatumiza ma TV ndi ma audio m'bwalo ndipo chimafuna kukhulupirika kwazizindikiro komanso kukana kusokoneza.
Zofunika Kuchita:
Kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikuyenda bwino komanso zodalirika m'malo am'madzi, zingwe zam'madzi za coaxial ziyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira zingapo:
Kukaniza Kupopera Mchere: Kuchuluka kwa mchere wa m'nyanja kumayambitsa dzimbiri. Zida za chingwe cha coaxial za m'madzi ziyenera kukana dzimbiri zopopera mchere kuti zisawonongeke kwa nthawi yayitali.
Electromagnetic Interference Resistance: Zombo zimapanga EMI yamphamvu kuchokera pamakina angapo apamtunda. Zida zoteteza kwambiri komanso zishango ziwiri zimatsimikizira kutumiza kwazizindikiro kokhazikika.
Kukaniza Kugwedezeka: Kuyenda panyanja kumayambitsa kugwedezeka kosalekeza. Chingwe cha m'madzi cha coaxial chiyenera kukhala cholimba mwamakina kuti chisasunthike ndikugwedezeka.
Kusamvana kwa Kutentha: Kutentha koyambira -40 ° C mpaka +70 ° C kumadera osiyanasiyana a nyanja yamchere, chingwe cha coaxial cha m'madzi chimayenera kugwira ntchito mosasinthasintha pansi pazovuta kwambiri.
Kuchedwa kwa Lawi la Moto: Moto ukayaka, kuyaka kwa chingwe kuyenera kutulutsa utsi wambiri kapena mpweya wapoizoni. Chifukwa chake, zingwe zam'madzi za coaxial zimagwiritsa ntchito zida zopanda utsi wa halogen zomwe zimagwirizana ndi IEC 60332 retardancy yamoto, ndi IEC 60754-1/2 ndi IEC 61034-1/2 utsi wochepa, zofunikira zopanda halogen.
Kuphatikiza apo, zingwe zam'madzi za coaxial ziyenera kukwaniritsa miyezo yolimba ya certification kuchokera ku International Maritime Organisation (IMO) ndi magulu amagulu monga DNV, ABS, ndi CCS, kuwonetsetsa kuti akugwira ntchito komanso chitetezo chawo pazovuta zapanyanja.
Za DZIKO LIMODZI
DZIKO LIMODZI limagwira ntchito yopanga mawaya ndi zingwe. Timapereka zida zapamwamba za zingwe za coaxial, kuphatikiza tepi yamkuwa, tepi ya aluminiyamu ya Mylar, ndi mankhwala a LSZH, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'madzi, telecom, ndi ntchito zamagetsi. Ndi khalidwe lodalirika ndi chithandizo cha akatswiri, timatumikira opanga zingwe padziko lonse lapansi.
Nthawi yotumiza: May-26-2025