Pamene anthu amakono akukula, maukonde asanduka gawo lofunika kwambiri pa moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo kutumizira ma network kumadalira zingwe za netiweki (zomwe zimatchedwa zingwe za Ethernet). Monga malo opangira mafakitale amakono panyanja, mainjiniya apanyanja ndi akunyanja akuchulukirachulukira komanso anzeru. Chilengedwe ndizovuta kwambiri, kuyika zofuna zapamwamba pamapangidwe a zingwe za Efaneti ndi zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Lero, tifotokoza mwachidule mawonekedwe, njira zamagulu, ndi masinthidwe ofunikira a zingwe za Ethernet za m'madzi.
1.Chingwe Gulu
(1) .Malinga ndi Magwiridwe Otumizira
Zingwe za Efaneti zomwe timagwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa ndi zida zopotoka zopindika zamkuwa, zomwe zimakhala ndi ma conductor amkuwa amodzi kapena angapo, zida za PE kapena PO, zopindika pawiri, kenako mawiri anayi amapangidwa kukhala chingwe chathunthu. Kutengera magwiridwe antchito, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zingwe imatha kusankhidwa:
Gulu 5E (CAT5E): Mchimake kunja nthawi zambiri zopangidwa PVC kapena otsika utsi halogen-free polyolefin, ndi kufala pafupipafupi 100MHz ndi liwiro pazipita 1000Mbps. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'nyumba ndi maofesi ambiri.
Gulu 6 (CAT6): Amagwiritsa ntchito ma conductor amkuwa apamwamba kwambiri komansopolyethylene yapamwamba kwambiri (HDPE)kusungunula zinthu, ndi cholekanitsa structural, kuwonjezera bandiwifi mpaka 250MHz kuti kufala khola.
Gulu la 6A (CAT6A): Mafupipafupi amawonjezeka kufika ku 500MHz, mlingo wotumizira umafika ku 10Gbps, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito tepi ya aluminiyamu ya Mylar ngati zinthu zotetezera, ndipo amaphatikizidwa ndi zida zotsika kwambiri za halogen zopanda utsi kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo opangira deta.
Gulu 7 / 7A (CAT7/CAT7A): Amagwiritsa ntchito kondakitala wamkuwa wopanda okosijeni wa 0.57mm, gulu lililonse lotetezedwa ndialuminium zojambulazo Mylar tepi+ Chingwe chonse chamkuwa chomangika, kukulitsa kukhulupirika kwa chizindikiro komanso kuthandizira kutumizira mwachangu kwa 10Gbps.
Gulu 8 (CAT8): Kapangidwe kake ndi SFTP yokhala ndi zotchinga ziwiri (zojambula za aluminiyamu tepi ya Mylar pawiri iliyonse + kuluka konse), ndipo sheath nthawi zambiri imakhala yotchinga moto ya XLPO sheath, yomwe imathandizira mpaka 2000MHz ndi 40Gbps, yoyenera kulumikizana ndi zida zapakati pa data.
(2). Malinga ndi Shielding Structure
Kutengera ngati zida zotchinjiriza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamapangidwe, zingwe za Ethernet zitha kugawidwa kukhala:
UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair): Imangogwiritsa ntchito PO kapena HDPE zotchinjiriza zopanda zotchingira, zotsika mtengo, zoyenera malo okhala ndi kusokoneza kochepa kwa ma elekitiroma.
STP (Pair Yopotoka Yotetezedwa): Imagwiritsa ntchito zojambulazo za aluminiyamu tepi ya Mylar kapena waya wamkuwa ngati zida zotchingira, kukulitsa kukana kusokoneza, koyenera malo ovuta amagetsi.
Zingwe za Marine Ethernet nthawi zambiri zimakumana ndi kusokonezedwa kwamphamvu kwamagetsi, zomwe zimafuna zida zotchingira zapamwamba. Zosintha wamba zimaphatikizapo:
F/UTP: Imagwiritsa ntchito tepi ya aluminiyamu ya Mylar ngati yosanjikiza yotchinga, yoyenera CAT5E ndi CAT6, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakina owongolera.
SF/UTP: Chojambula cha Aluminium Tepi ya Mylar + yotchinga yotchinga yamkuwa, kukulitsa kukana kwa EMI, komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mphamvu zam'madzi ndi kutumiza ma siginecha.
S/FTP: Gulu lililonse lopotoka limagwiritsa ntchito tepi ya aluminiyamu ya Mylar kuti iteteze munthu payekha, yokhala ndi chingwe chakunja cha waya wamkuwa kuti chitetezeke, chophatikizidwa ndi zida za XLPO zomwe sizimayaka moto. Izi ndizomwe zimachitika pa CAT6A komanso zingwe zapamwamba.
2. Kusiyana kwa Marine Ethernet Cables
Poyerekeza ndi zingwe za Ethernet zapamtunda, zingwe za Ethernet zam'madzi zimakhala ndi kusiyana koonekeratu pakusankha zinthu komanso kapangidwe kake. Chifukwa cha madera ovuta a m'madzi - nkhungu yamchere yambiri, chinyezi chambiri, kusokoneza kwamphamvu kwa ma electromagnetic, kuyatsa kwamphamvu kwa UV, komanso kuyaka - zida zama chingwe ziyenera kukwaniritsa miyezo yapamwamba yachitetezo, kulimba, komanso magwiridwe antchito amakina.
(1).Zofunika Zokhazikika
Zingwe za Marine Ethernet nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa molingana ndi IEC 61156-5 ndi IEC 61156-6. Cabling yopingasa nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito ma conductor a mkuwa olimba ophatikizidwa ndi zida zotchinjiriza za HDPE kuti akwaniritse mtunda wabwino wotumizira ndi bata; zingwe zigamba m'zipinda zosungiramo data zimagwiritsa ntchito makondakitala amkuwa opindika okhala ndi zofewa za PO kapena PE kuti aziyenda mosavuta m'mipata yothina.
(2).Kuchedwa kwa Moto ndi Kukaniza Moto
Pofuna kupewa kufalikira kwa moto, zingwe za Efaneti zam'madzi nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito zida za polyolefin zopanda utsi wopanda utsi (monga LSZH, XLPO, ndi zina zotero) popanga sheathing, kukumana ndi IEC 60332 flame retardant, IEC 60754 (halogen-free), ndi IEC 61034 utsi wochepa. Kwa machitidwe ovuta, tepi ya mica ndi zipangizo zina zosagwira moto zimawonjezeredwa kuti zigwirizane ndi IEC 60331 zotsutsana ndi moto, kuonetsetsa kuti ntchito zoyankhulirana zimasungidwa panthawi yamoto.
(3). Kukaniza Mafuta, Kukaniza kwa Corrosion, ndi Kapangidwe ka Zida
M'magawo akunyanja monga ma FPSO ndi ma dredger, zingwe za Ethernet nthawi zambiri zimawonetsedwa ndi mafuta komanso zowononga. Kupititsa patsogolo kulimba kwa sheath, zida zolumikizidwa ndi polyolefin sheath (SHF2) kapena zida zolimbana ndi matope za SHF2 MUD zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zogwirizana ndi NEK 606 zotsutsana ndi mankhwala. Kuti mupititse patsogolo mphamvu zamakina, zingwe zimatha kukhala ndi zida zachitsulo zomangira zitsulo (GSWB) kapena zoluka zamkuwa zamkuwa (TCWB), zomwe zimapatsa mphamvu zamakina, komanso zotchingira zamagetsi kuti ziteteze kukhulupirika kwa chizindikiro.
(4). Kukaniza kwa UV ndi Kukalamba Kuchita
Zingwe za Marine Ethernet nthawi zambiri zimakhala zowonekera kudzuwa, kotero kuti zida za sheath ziyenera kukhala ndi kukana kwa UV. Nthawi zambiri, polyolefin sheathing yokhala ndi zowonjezera za kaboni wakuda kapena UV-resistant imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndikuyesedwa pansi pa UL1581 kapena ASTM G154-16 UV miyezo yokalamba kuti zitsimikizire kukhazikika kwathupi komanso moyo wautali wautumiki m'malo okwera a UV.
Mwachidule, gawo lililonse la kapangidwe ka chingwe cha Ethernet cham'madzi limalumikizidwa kwambiri ndi kusankha mosamala kwa zida za chingwe. Ma conductor amkuwa apamwamba kwambiri, zida zotchinjiriza za HDPE kapena PO, tepi ya aluminiyamu ya Mylar, waya wamkuwa, tepi ya mica, XLPO sheath material, ndi SHF2 sheath zida pamodzi zimapanga njira yolumikizirana yomwe imatha kupirira madera ovuta a panyanja. Monga ogulitsa zinthu zama chingwe, timamvetsetsa kufunikira kwa zinthu zakuthupi pakugwira ntchito kwa chingwe chonsecho ndipo tadzipereka kupereka mayankho odalirika, otetezeka, komanso apamwamba kwambiri pamafakitale apanyanja ndi akunyanja.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-16-2025