Pamene chikhalidwe chamakono chikukula, ma network akhala gawo lofunika kwambiri pa moyo watsiku ndi tsiku, ndipo kutumiza ma signal a network kumadalira ma network cable (omwe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa ma Ethernet cables). Monga malo osungiramo zinthu zamakono panyanja, mainjiniya apamadzi ndi apanyanja akukhala odziyendetsa okha komanso anzeru kwambiri. Chilengedwe ndi chovuta kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kufunika kwakukulu pa kapangidwe ka ma Ethernet cables ndi zingwe zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Lero, tifotokoza mwachidule za kapangidwe kake, njira zogawa, ndi makonzedwe ofunikira a ma marine Ethernet cables.
1. Gulu la Zingwe
(1). Malinga ndi Kutumiza Magwiridwe Ntchito
Zingwe za Ethernet zomwe timagwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa ndi ma conductor opindika a copper, okhala ndi ma conductor amkuwa amodzi kapena angapo, PE kapena PO insulation zipangizo, zopindika ziwiri, kenako ma peya anayi amapangidwa kukhala chingwe chathunthu. Kutengera momwe zimagwirira ntchito, ma grade osiyanasiyana a zingwe amatha kusankhidwa:
Gulu 5E (CAT5E): Chigoba chakunja nthawi zambiri chimapangidwa ndi PVC kapena polyolefin yopanda utsi wambiri, yokhala ndi ma frequency otumizira a 100MHz komanso liwiro lalikulu la 1000Mbps. Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'ma network apakhomo ndi maofesi wamba.
Gulu 6 (CAT6): Imagwiritsa ntchito ma conductors amkuwa apamwamba komansopolyethylene yochuluka kwambiri (HDPE)zinthu zotetezera kutentha, zokhala ndi cholekanitsa kapangidwe kake, zomwe zimawonjezera bandwidth kufika pa 250MHz kuti ma transmission akhale okhazikika.
Gulu 6A (CAT6A): Mafupipafupi amawonjezeka kufika pa 500MHz, kuchuluka kwa ma transmission kumafika pa 10Gbps, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito tepi ya Mylar yopangidwa ndi aluminiyamu ngati zinthu zotetezera, ndipo imaphatikizidwa ndi zinthu zapamwamba zopanda utsi wambiri zomwe sizili ndi halogen kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo osungira deta.
Gulu 7 / 7A (CAT7/CAT7A): Imagwiritsa ntchito chowongolera cha mkuwa cha 0.57mm chopanda mpweya, gulu lililonse limatetezedwa nditepi ya Mylar yopangidwa ndi aluminium+ waya wokulungidwa ndi mkuwa wonse, womwe umalimbitsa kukhulupirika kwa chizindikiro ndikuthandizira kutumiza kwa liwiro la 10Gbps.
Gulu 8 (CAT8): Kapangidwe kake ndi SFTP yokhala ndi zotchingira ziwiri (tepi ya aluminiyamu ya Mylar ya awiriawiri + kuluka konsekonse), ndipo chigoba nthawi zambiri chimakhala ndi zinthu za XLPO zomwe zimaletsa moto kwambiri, zomwe zimathandiza liwiro la 2000MHz ndi 40Gbps, zoyenera kulumikizana pakati pa zida m'malo osungira deta.
(2). Malinga ndi Kapangidwe ka Chishango
Malinga ndi ngati zipangizo zotetezera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu kapangidwe kake, zingwe za Ethernet zitha kugawidwa m'magulu:
UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair): Imagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zoteteza za PO kapena HDPE zokha popanda chitetezo china, mtengo wotsika, yoyenera malo omwe ali ndi kusokoneza kochepa kwa maginito.
STP (Shielded Twisted Pair): Imagwiritsa ntchito tepi ya aluminiyamu ya Mylar kapena waya wa mkuwa ngati zinthu zotetezera, zomwe zimawonjezera kukana kusokonezedwa, komanso zoyenera malo ovuta amagetsi.
Zingwe za Marine Ethernet nthawi zambiri zimakumana ndi vuto lamphamvu la ma elekitiromagineti, zomwe zimafuna chitetezo champhamvu. Makonzedwe ofanana ndi awa:
F/UTP: Imagwiritsa ntchito tepi ya aluminiyamu ya Mylar ngati gawo lotetezera, yoyenera CAT5E ndi CAT6, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumakina owongolera omwe ali mkati.
SF/UTP: Tepi ya Mylar yopangidwa ndi aluminiyamu + yoteteza kuluka kwa mkuwa wopanda kanthu, yomwe imawonjezera kukana kwa EMI, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa mphamvu ya m'madzi komanso kutumiza chizindikiro.
S/FTP: Peyala iliyonse yopotoka imagwiritsa ntchito tepi ya Mylar yopangidwa ndi aluminiyamu poteteza payokha, yokhala ndi waya wamkuwa wolukidwa kunja kuti iteteze payokha, yolumikizidwa ndi zinthu za XLPO zomwe sizimayaka moto kwambiri. Iyi ndi njira yodziwika bwino ya CAT6A ndi zingwe zapamwamba.
2. Kusiyana kwa Ma Cable a Marine Ethernet
Poyerekeza ndi zingwe za Ethernet zochokera kumtunda, zingwe za Ethernet zam'madzi zimakhala ndi kusiyana kwakukulu pakusankha zinthu ndi kapangidwe kake. Chifukwa cha malo ovuta a m'nyanja—utsi wambiri wamchere, chinyezi chambiri, kusokoneza kwamphamvu kwa maginito, kuwala kwamphamvu kwa UV, komanso kuyaka—zipangizo za zingwe ziyenera kukwaniritsa miyezo yapamwamba kuti zikhale zotetezeka, zolimba, komanso magwiridwe antchito a makina.
(1) .Zofunikira Zachikhalidwe
Zingwe za Marine Ethernet nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa motsatira IEC 61156-5 ndi IEC 61156-6. Zingwe zopingasa nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito ma conductor olimba amkuwa ophatikizidwa ndi zida zotetezera za HDPE kuti zikwaniritse mtunda wabwino komanso kukhazikika; zingwe zolumikizira m'zipinda za data zimagwiritsa ntchito ma conductor amkuwa okhazikika okhala ndi insulation yofewa ya PO kapena PE kuti zikhale zosavuta kuyendetsa m'malo opapatiza.
(2) .Kulephera kwa Moto ndi Kukana Moto
Pofuna kupewa kufalikira kwa moto, zingwe za Ethernet zam'madzi nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo za polyolefin zopanda utsi wochuluka (monga LSZH, XLPO, ndi zina zotero) pophimba, zomwe zimakwaniritsa miyezo ya IEC 60332 yoletsa moto, IEC 60754 (yopanda halogen), ndi IEC 61034 (yopanda utsi wochuluka). Pa makina ofunikira, tepi ya mica ndi zipangizo zina zosagwira moto zimawonjezedwa kuti zikwaniritse miyezo ya IEC 60331 yoletsa moto, kuonetsetsa kuti ntchito zolumikizirana zimasungidwa panthawi yamoto.
(3). Kukana Mafuta, Kukana Kudzimbiritsa, ndi Kapangidwe ka Zida
M'magawo akunja monga ma FPSO ndi ma dredger, zingwe za Ethernet nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa pa mafuta ndi zinthu zowononga. Kuti ziwongolere kulimba kwa chidebe, zida zolumikizirana za polyolefin sheath (SHF2) kapena zida zosagwirizana ndi matope za SHF2 MUD zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, mogwirizana ndi miyezo ya NEK 606 yolimbana ndi mankhwala. Kuti ziwongolere mphamvu ya makina, zingwe zimatha kutetezedwa ndi waya wachitsulo wopangidwa ndi galvanized steel braid (GSWB) kapena waya wachitsulo wopangidwa ndi zitini (TCWB), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zolimba komanso zolimba, komanso kuteteza mphamvu yamagetsi kuti ziteteze kukhulupirika kwa chizindikiro.
(4). Kukana kwa UV ndi Kukalamba
Zingwe za Marine Ethernet nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa mwachindunji, kotero zipangizo za sheath ziyenera kukhala ndi kukana bwino kwa UV. Kawirikawiri, polyolefin sheathing yokhala ndi zowonjezera zakuda kapena zosagwira UV imagwiritsidwa ntchito ndikuyesedwa motsatira miyezo ya ukalamba ya UV ya UL1581 kapena ASTM G154-16 kuti zitsimikizire kukhazikika kwa thupi komanso nthawi yayitali yogwira ntchito m'malo okhala ndi UV wambiri.
Mwachidule, kapangidwe ka chingwe chilichonse cha marine Ethernet kamagwirizana kwambiri ndi kusankha mosamala kwa zipangizo za chingwe. Ma conductors a mkuwa apamwamba kwambiri, zipangizo zotetezera kutentha za HDPE kapena PO, tepi ya aluminiyamu ya Mylar, waya woluka wa mkuwa, tepi ya mica, XLPO sheath, ndi zipangizo za SHF2 sheath pamodzi zimapanga njira yolumikizirana ya chingwe yomwe imatha kupirira malo ovuta a m'nyanja. Monga ogulitsa zinthu za chingwe, timamvetsetsa kufunika kwa ubwino wa zinthu pakugwira ntchito kwa chingwe chonse ndipo tadzipereka kupereka mayankho odalirika, otetezeka, komanso ogwira ntchito bwino kwambiri kwa mafakitale am'madzi ndi a m'mphepete mwa nyanja.
Nthawi yotumizira: Juni-16-2025