Ndi kusintha kwa kapangidwe ka mphamvu padziko lonse lapansi komanso kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo, zingwe zatsopano zamagetsi pang'onopang'ono zikukhala zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa ntchito yotumiza ndi kugawa mphamvu. Zingwe zatsopano zamagetsi, monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, ndi mtundu wa zingwe zapadera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza minda monga kupanga mphamvu zatsopano, kusungira mphamvu ndi magalimoto atsopano amagetsi. Zingwe izi sizimangokhala ndi mphamvu zamagetsi zoyambira ngati zingwe zachikhalidwe, komanso ziyenera kuthana ndi zovuta zambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zatsopano, kuphatikiza nyengo yoipa kwambiri, malo ovuta amagetsi ndi kugwedezeka kwamphamvu kwamakina. Nkhaniyi ifufuza tsogolo la zingwe zatsopano zamagetsi ndi mwayi wawo wogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.
Magwiridwe antchito apadera komanso zovuta za zingwe zatsopano zamagetsi
Kapangidwe ndi kusankha zinthu za zingwe zatsopano zamagetsi ndi zapadera kuti zikwaniritse zosowa za magawo osiyanasiyana. Pankhani yopanga mphamvu ya dzuwa, zingwe za photovoltaic array zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza zigawo za photovoltaic panel. Zingwezi zimawonetsedwa panja chaka chonse, kotero ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti tipewe kuwala kwa ultraviolet ndi kukalamba kwa zinthu. Zingwe za photovoltaic nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zopirira nyengo.XLPEZipangizo zotetezera kutentha ndi zigoba zakunja za polyolefin zosang'ambika kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikugwira ntchito bwino kwa nthawi yayitali. Zingwe zolumikizira za inverter ziyenera kukhala ndi kukana bwino moto, kotero zingwe za PVC zomwe sizimayaka moto ndiye chisankho choyamba.
Zofunikira pa zingwe pakupanga mphamvu ya mphepo ndizokhwima mofanana. Zingwe zomwe zili mkati mwa jenereta ziyenera kukhala zokhoza kusintha kuti zigwirizane ndi kusokonezeka kwa maginito amagetsi. Yankho lofala ndikugwiritsa ntchito waya wamkuwa woluka kuti muteteze kusokonezeka kwa maginito amagetsi. Kuphatikiza apo, zingwe za nsanja, zingwe zowongolera, ndi zina zotero m'makina opangira mphamvu ya mphepo zimafunikanso kukhala zodalirika kwambiri komanso zosagwirizana ndi nyengo kuti zigwirizane ndi malo achilengedwe ovuta komanso osinthika.
Magalimoto atsopano amphamvu ali ndi zofunikira zapamwamba pa khalidwe ndi magwiridwe antchito a zingwe. Zingwe zamagetsi zamagetsi amphamvu kwambiri ndizo zimayambitsa kulumikiza mabatire, ma mota ndi makina ochajira. Amagwiritsa ntchito ma conductor amkuwa oyera kwambiri okhala ndi zida zotenthetsera za XLPE kuti achepetse kutayika kwa mphamvu. Pofuna kupewa kusokonezeka kwa maginito amagetsi, kapangidwe ka zingwe kamaphatikiza gawo loteteza la zojambulazo za aluminiyamu ndi waya wamkuwa. Zingwe zochajira za AC ndi DC zimathandizira zosowa ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zochajira, zomwe zimagogomezera mphamvu yayikulu yonyamulira magetsi komanso magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri oteteza magetsi kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo ndi magwiridwe antchito a magalimoto atsopano amphamvu.
Machitidwe osungira mphamvu amadaliranso chithandizo cha chingwe. Zingwe zolumikizira batri ziyenera kukhala zotha kupirira kusintha kwachangu kwa mphamvu yamagetsi ndi kutentha, kotero zipangizo zamagetsi monga XLPE kapena rabara yapadera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zingwe zolumikiza makina osungira mphamvu ku gridi ziyenera kukwaniritsa miyezo yamagetsi apamwamba komanso kukhala ndi kusinthasintha kwabwino kwa chilengedwe kuti zitsimikizire kuti kutumiza mphamvu kuli kotetezeka.
Kufunika kwa msika ndi kukula kwa zingwe zatsopano zamagetsi
M'zaka zaposachedwapa, chifukwa cha kupita patsogolo kosalekeza komanso kufalikira kwa ukadaulo watsopano wa mphamvu, mafakitale monga mphamvu ya mphepo, mphamvu ya dzuwa, ndi magalimoto atsopano amphamvu ayambitsa kukula kwakukulu, ndipo kufunikira kwa zingwe zatsopano zamagetsi kwakweranso kwambiri. Deta ikuwonetsa kuti kukula kwa mapulojekiti atsopano amagetsi omwe adzayambitsidwe mu 2024 kudzafika pamlingo wapamwamba kwambiri, ndi kuchuluka konse kwa ma kilowatts 28 miliyoni pachaka, kuphatikiza ma kilowatts 7.13 miliyoni a mapulojekiti opanga mphamvu ya photovoltaic, ma kilowatts 1.91 miliyoni a mapulojekiti osungira mphamvu, ma kilowatts 13.55 miliyoni a mapulojekiti amagetsi amphepo, ndi ma kilowatts 11 miliyoni a mapulojekiti osinthira mabatire a magalimoto atsopano amagetsi.
Monga cholumikizira chofunikira mu unyolo wamakampani opanga ma photovoltaic, zingwe za photovoltaic zili ndi chiyembekezo chachikulu cha chitukuko. China, United States ndi Europe ndi madera atatu omwe ali ndi mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri yoyika ma photovoltaic, yomwe ndi 43%, 28% ndi 18% ya chiwerengero chonse cha padziko lonse lapansi, motsatana. Zingwe za photovoltaic zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mabwalo a DC mu zida zamagetsi zosakhazikika. Ma voltage awo nthawi zambiri amakhala 0.6/1kV kapena 0.4/0.6kV, ndipo ena amakhala okwera mpaka 35kV. Pamene nthawi ya parity yayamba, makampani opanga ma photovoltaic atsala pang'ono kulowa mu gawo la kukula kwakukulu. M'zaka 5-8 zikubwerazi, ma photovoltaic adzakhala amodzi mwa magwero akuluakulu amagetsi padziko lonse lapansi.
Kukula mwachangu kwa makampani osungira mphamvu sikusiyananso ndi chithandizo cha zingwe zatsopano zamagetsi. Kufunika kwa zingwe za DC zokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kulumikiza zida zochapira ndi kutulutsa mphamvu ndi zida zowongolera malo osungira mphamvu, ndi zingwe za AC zokhala ndi mphamvu zochepa, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza ma transformer, makabati ogawa, ndi zida zotsika mphamvu monga kuunikira ndi kuwongolera m'malo osungira mphamvu, kudzawonjezekanso kwambiri. Ndi kukwezedwa kwa cholinga cha "dual carbon" ndi kupititsa patsogolo ukadaulo wa batri ya lithiamu, makampani osungira mphamvu adzabweretsa malo okulirapo otukuka, ndipo zingwe zatsopano zamagetsi zidzakhala ndi gawo lofunikira mmenemo.
Zatsopano zaukadaulo ndi njira zotetezera chilengedwe za zingwe zatsopano zamagetsi
Kupanga zingwe zatsopano zamagetsi sikufuna mphamvu zokha komanso kudalirika, komanso kuteteza chilengedwe komanso kufunikira kwa mpweya wochepa. Kafukufuku ndi chitukuko ndi kupanga zingwe ndi zingwe zoteteza chilengedwe, zoteteza kutentha kwambiri, komanso zogwira ntchito zapadera zakhala zofunikira kwambiri mumakampaniwa. Mwachitsanzo, kupanga zingwe zoyenera malo otentha kwambiri kungatsimikizire kuti zipangizo monga mphamvu ya mphepo ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa zikugwira ntchito bwino m'malo ovuta kwambiri. Nthawi yomweyo, pomanga ma gridi anzeru komanso kupeza magwero amagetsi ogawidwa, zingwe ndi zingwe ziyeneranso kukhala ndi nzeru komanso kudalirika kwakukulu.
Opanga mawaya akuika ndalama zambiri mu kafukufuku ndi chitukuko ndipo ayambitsa zinthu zingapo zapadera za mawaya kuti akwaniritse zofunikira kwambiri pa mawaya atsopano amagetsi. Zinthuzi zikuphatikizapo mawaya othandizira mawaya a photovoltaic omwe ndi oyenera kwambiri padenga lathyathyathya, mawaya a solar cell module lead kuti akhazikike bwino, mawaya a ma pulley a waya okakamiza kuti atsatire njira, ndi mawaya ochajira ma pile okhala ndi kukana kutentha kwambiri.
Kukula kwa zinthu zobiriwira kwakhala mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi, ndipo magetsi, monga makampani oyambira chuma cha dziko, mosakayikira adzakula motsatira njira yobiriwira komanso yotsika mpweya wa kaboni. Mawaya ndi zingwe zoteteza moto, zopanda halogen, zopanda utsi wambiri, komanso zopanda mpweya wa kaboni wambiri zikufunidwa kwambiri ndi msika. Opanga zingwe amachepetsa mpweya wa kaboni kuchokera ku zinthu mwa kukonza zipangizo ndi njira, ndikupanga zinthu zapadera za zingwe zomwe zili ndi phindu lalikulu kuti zikwaniritse zosowa za zochitika zinazake.
Chiyembekezo cha Mtsogolo
Zingwe zatsopano zamagetsi, zomwe zimagwira ntchito mwapadera, zikupereka chithandizo champhamvu pakukula kwa makampani atsopano opanga mphamvu. Chifukwa cha kukula kwa ukadaulo watsopano wamagetsi komanso kufunikira kwa msika kosalekeza, kufunikira kwa zingwe zatsopano zamagetsi kudzapitirira kukwera. Izi sizimangolimbikitsa luso laukadaulo mumakampani opanga zingwe, komanso zimalimbikitsa chitukuko cha madera ena monga sayansi ya zinthu, njira zopangira, ndi ukadaulo woyesera.
Mtsogolomu, ndi kupita patsogolo kosalekeza muukadaulo, magwiridwe antchito a zingwe zatsopano zamagetsi adzapitirirabe kusintha, ndikuyika maziko ogwiritsira ntchito magetsi obiriwira padziko lonse lapansi. Zingwe zatsopano zamagetsi zapamwamba kwambiri zidzalowa m'miyoyo yathu pang'onopang'ono, kuthandizira kusintha kwa kapangidwe ka mphamvu padziko lonse lapansi, ndikuthandizira kwambiri chitukuko chokhazikika. Makampani opanga zingwe adzafufuzanso mozama ndikuchita zinthu motsatira chitukuko chobiriwira, ndikuwonjezera mpikisano ndi phindu la mabizinesi popanga mitundu yanzeru komanso yogwira ntchito ya digito, kulimbikitsa chitukuko chogwirizana cha mabizinesi akumtunda ndi akumunsi mu unyolo wamafakitale, ndipo pamapeto pake kukwaniritsa cholinga cha chitukuko chapamwamba.
Monga gawo lofunika kwambiri la msewu wamagetsi wamtsogolo, zingwe zatsopano zamagetsi zili ndi mwayi waukulu wogwiritsidwa ntchito komanso kuthekera kwakukulu kopanga chitukuko. Ndi kusintha kwa kapangidwe ka mphamvu padziko lonse lapansi komanso kupita patsogolo kwa ukadaulo, zingwe zatsopano zamagetsi mosakayikira zidzakhala ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pakusintha kwa mphamvu padziko lonse lapansi.
Nthawi yotumizira: Dec-06-2024