Ndi kusintha kwa mphamvu yapadziko lonse lapansi komanso kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo kosalekeza, zingwe zamphamvu zatsopano pang'onopang'ono zimakhala zida zoyambira pakufalitsa ndi kugawa mphamvu. Zingwe zamagetsi zatsopano, monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera, ndi mtundu wa zingwe zapadera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza minda monga mphamvu zatsopano zopangira mphamvu, kusungirako mphamvu ndi magalimoto atsopano. Zingwezi sizimangokhala ndi magwiridwe antchito amagetsi a zingwe zachikhalidwe, komanso zimayenera kuthana ndi zovuta zambiri pakugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zatsopano, kuphatikiza nyengo yoyipa kwambiri, malo ovuta amagetsi amagetsi komanso kugwedezeka kwamphamvu kwamakina. Nkhaniyi ifotokoza za tsogolo la zingwe zamagetsi zatsopano komanso momwe angagwiritsire ntchito.
Kuchita kwapadera ndi zovuta za zingwe zamagetsi zatsopano
Mapangidwe ndi zosankha zakuthupi za zingwe zamagetsi zatsopano ndizopadera kuti zikwaniritse zosowa za magawo osiyanasiyana. M'munda wa mphamvu ya dzuwa, zingwe za photovoltaic zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kugwirizanitsa zigawo za photovoltaic panel. Zingwe zimenezi zimaonekera panja chaka chonse, choncho m’pofunika kuti tisamavutike ndi cheza cha ultraviolet ndi kukalamba. Zingwe za Photovoltaic nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito kupirira nyengoZithunzi za XLPEzipangizo zotchinjiriza ndi misozi zosagwira polyolefin m'chimake zakunja kuonetsetsa ntchito yawo yaitali khola. Zingwe zolumikizira ma inverter zimafunika kukhala ndi mphamvu yolimbana ndi moto, chifukwa chake zingwe za PVC zosagwira moto ndiye chisankho choyamba.
Zofunikira pazingwe pamagawo opangira mphamvu yamphepo ndizolimba. Zingwe zomwe zili mkati mwa jenereta zimafunika kuti zigwirizane ndi kusokoneza kwa electromagnetic. Njira yodziwika bwino ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito mawaya amkuwa kuti azitchinjiriza kuti achepetse kusokoneza kwa ma elekitiroma. Kuphatikiza apo, zingwe za nsanja, zingwe zowongolera, ndi zina m'machitidwe opangira magetsi amphepo zimafunikiranso kukhala ndi kudalirika kwakukulu komanso kukana kwanyengo kuti athe kuthana ndi zovuta zachilengedwe zosinthika.
Munda wamagalimoto amagetsi atsopano uli ndi zofunikira zapamwamba pazabwino komanso magwiridwe antchito a zingwe. Zingwe zamphamvu zamphamvu kwambiri zimakhala ndi udindo wolumikiza mapaketi a batri, ma motors ndi ma charger. Amagwiritsa ntchito ma conductor amkuwa oyeretsedwa kwambiri okhala ndi zida zotchingira za XLPE kuti achepetse kutaya mphamvu. Pofuna kupewa kusokonezedwa ndi ma elekitiroma, mawonekedwe a chingwe amaphatikiza chishango chotchinga cha aluminiyamu ndi waya wamkuwa. Zingwe zolipirira za AC ndi DC zimathandizira zosowa ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zolipirira, kugogomezera kuchuluka kwaposachedwa komanso magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri oteteza chitetezo ndi magwiridwe antchito amagetsi atsopano.
Machitidwe osungira mphamvu amadaliranso chithandizo cha chingwe. Zingwe zolumikizira batri ziyenera kupirira kusintha kwachangu pakupsinjika kwakanthawi komanso kutentha, motero zida zamagetsi zamagetsi monga XLPE kapena mphira wapadera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zingwe zomwe zimagwirizanitsa dongosolo losungira mphamvu ku gridi ziyenera kukwaniritsa miyezo yapamwamba yamagetsi ndikukhala ndi kusintha kwabwino kwa chilengedwe kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo cha kufalitsa mphamvu.
Kufuna kwa msika ndi kukula kwa zingwe zamagetsi zatsopano
M'zaka zaposachedwa, chifukwa chakukula kosalekeza komanso kutchuka kwa umisiri watsopano wamagetsi, mafakitale monga mphamvu yamphepo, mphamvu zoyendera dzuwa, ndi magalimoto amagetsi atsopano ayambitsa kukula kwamphamvu, ndipo kufunikira kwa zingwe zamagetsi zatsopano kwakweranso kwambiri. Deta ikuwonetsa kuti kukula kwa mapulojekiti amagetsi atsopano omwe adzayambike mu 2024 afika pachimake chatsopano, ndi kuchuluka kwapachaka koyambira ma kilowatts 28 miliyoni, kuphatikiza ma kilowatts 7.13 miliyoni amagetsi opanga magetsi opangira magetsi, ma kilowatts miliyoni 1.91 a mapolojekiti osungira mphamvu, ma kilowatts miliyoni 13.55 amagetsi amagetsi atsopano, ndi ma projekiti amagetsi amagetsi 1 miliyoni.
Monga ulalo wofunikira mu unyolo wamakampani a photovoltaic, zingwe za photovoltaic zili ndi chiyembekezo chakukula kwambiri. China, United States ndi Europe ndi madera atatu omwe ali ndi mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri yoyika photovoltaic, yowerengera 43%, 28% ndi 18% ya chiwopsezo chapadziko lonse lapansi, motsatana. Zingwe za Photovoltaic zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka m'mabwalo a DC pazida zopanda pake zamakina opangira magetsi. Magetsi awo nthawi zambiri amakhala 0.6/1kV kapena 0.4/0.6kV, ndipo ena amakhala okwera mpaka 35kV. Pofika nthawi yofanana, mafakitale a photovoltaic atsala pang'ono kulowa mu gawo la kukula koopsa. M'zaka zotsatira za 5-8, photovoltaics idzakhala imodzi mwazinthu zazikulu zamagetsi padziko lapansi.
Kukula kofulumira kwa mafakitale osungiramo mphamvu kumakhalanso kosalekanitsidwa ndi chithandizo cha zingwe zatsopano zamagetsi. Kufunika kwa zingwe za DC zamphamvu kwambiri, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kulumikiza zida zolipirira ndi kutulutsa ndi zida zowongolera malo osungira mphamvu zamagetsi, ndi zingwe zapakatikati ndi zotsika kwambiri za AC, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polumikiza thiransifoma, makabati ogawa, ndi zida zotsika mphamvu monga kuyatsa ndi kuwongolera m'malo osungira mphamvu zamagetsi, nawonso adzawonjezeka kwambiri. Ndi kulimbikitsa cholinga cha "carbon wapawiri" ndi kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo wa batri ya lithiamu, makampani osungira mphamvu adzabweretsa malo okulirapo, ndipo zingwe zamagetsi zatsopano zidzagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri.
Ukadaulo waukadaulo ndi machitidwe oteteza chilengedwe a zingwe zamagetsi zatsopano
Kukula kwa zingwe zamphamvu zatsopano sikungofuna kugwira ntchito kwambiri komanso kudalirika, komanso kuteteza chilengedwe komanso zofunikira zochepa za carbon. Kafukufuku ndi chitukuko ndi kupanga ochezeka zachilengedwe, mkulu kutentha kugonjetsedwa, ndi mawaya ntchito zapaderazi ndi zingwe zakhala mchitidwe wofunika mu makampani. Mwachitsanzo, kupanga zinthu za chingwe zoyenera kutentha kwapamwamba kumatha kuonetsetsa kuti zida zokhazikika zimagwira ntchito monga mphamvu yamphepo ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa m'malo ovuta kwambiri. Pa nthawi yomweyi, pomanga ma gridi anzeru komanso kupeza magetsi ogawidwa, mawaya ndi zingwe zimafunikanso kukhala ndi nzeru zapamwamba komanso zodalirika.
Opanga zingwe akuika ndalama zambiri pofufuza ndi chitukuko ndipo ayambitsa mndandanda wazinthu zapadera za chingwe kuti akwaniritse zofunikira zapamwamba za zingwe m'munda watsopano wamagetsi. Zogulitsazi zimaphatikizapo zingwe zothandizira ma module a photovoltaic omwe ali oyenera kwambiri padenga lathyathyathya, mawaya otsogolera a solar cell module kuti akhazikike mokhazikika, zingwe zolumikizira waya pamakina otsata, ndi zingwe zolipiritsa milu yokhala ndi kukana kutentha kwambiri.
Chitukuko chobiriwira chakhala mgwirizano wapadziko lonse lapansi, ndipo magetsi, monga gawo lalikulu lazachuma cha dziko, mosakayikira adzakula motsatira njira yobiriwira komanso yotsika kaboni. Mawaya ndi zingwe zopanda malawi, zopanda halogen, utsi wochepa, komanso mawaya osawononga chilengedwe akufunidwa kwambiri pamsika. Opanga ma chingwe amachepetsa kutulutsa kwa kaboni wazogulitsa pokonzanso zida ndi njira, ndikupanga zida zapadera zama chingwe zokhala ndi mtengo wowonjezera kuti zikwaniritse zosowa za zochitika zinazake.
Future Outlook
Zingwe zamagetsi zatsopano, ndi ntchito zawo zapadera, zimapereka chithandizo champhamvu pa chitukuko cha mafakitale atsopano. Chifukwa chakukula kwaukadaulo watsopano wamagetsi komanso kukula kosalekeza kwa msika, kufunikira kwa zingwe zamagetsi zatsopano kudzapitilira kukwera. Izi sizimangopititsa patsogolo luso laukadaulo pamakampani opanga zingwe, komanso zimalimbikitsa kutukuka kwa magawo okhudzana ndi sayansi yazinthu, njira zopangira, ndiukadaulo woyesera.
M'tsogolomu, ndi kupita patsogolo kosalekeza kwaukadaulo, magwiridwe antchito a zingwe zamagetsi zatsopano apitilizabe kuwongolera, ndikuyika maziko ogwiritsira ntchito magetsi obiriwira padziko lonse lapansi. Zingwe zowonjezera zamphamvu zatsopano zidzalowa pang'onopang'ono m'miyoyo yathu, kuthandizira kusintha kwa mphamvu zapadziko lonse lapansi, ndikuthandizira kwambiri chitukuko chokhazikika. Makampani opanga chingwe adzachitanso kufufuza mozama ndikuchita motsatira chitukuko chobiriwira, ndikupititsa patsogolo mpikisano ndi phindu la mabizinesi popanga zitsanzo zanzeru komanso zamakono, kulimbikitsa chitukuko chogwirizana cha mabizinesi akumtunda ndi kumunsi muzitsulo zamafakitale, ndipo pamapeto pake kukwaniritsa cholinga cha chitukuko chapamwamba.
Monga gawo lofunikira lamsewu wamtsogolo wamagetsi, zingwe zamagetsi zatsopano zili ndi chiyembekezo chokulirapo komanso kuthekera kwakukulu kwachitukuko. Ndi kusintha kwa mphamvu zapadziko lonse lapansi komanso kupita patsogolo kwaukadaulo, zingwe zatsopano zamphamvu zidzatenga gawo lofunika kwambiri pakusintha kwamphamvu kwapadziko lonse.
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-06-2024