Ulusi wa Aramid, waufupi wa onunkhira wa polyamide fiber, watchulidwa m'gulu la ulusi wochita bwino kwambiri womwe umayikidwa patsogolo ku China, pamodzi ndi ulusi wa kaboni, ulusi wokwera kwambiri wa polyethylene fiber (UHMWPE), ndi ulusi wa basalt. Monga nayiloni wamba, ulusi wa aramid ndi wa banja la ulusi wa polyamide, wokhala ndi zomangira za amide mu tcheni chachikulu cha maselo. Kusiyana kwakukulu kwagona pakumangirira: zomangira za nayiloni za amide zimalumikizidwa ndi magulu a aliphatic, pomwe ma aramid amalumikizidwa ndi mphete za benzene. Mapangidwe apadera a mamolekyuwa amapatsa mphamvu ya aramid yamphamvu kwambiri ya axial (> 20cN/dtex) ndi modulus (> 500GPa), ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale chinthu chomwe chimakonda kulimbitsa zingwe zomaliza.
Mitundu ya Aramid Fiber
Aramid fibermakamaka ulusi wonunkhira bwino wa polyamide ndi ulusi wonunkhira wa polyamide wa heterocyclic, womwe utha kugawidwanso mu ortho-aramid, para-aramid (PPTA), ndi meta-aramid (PMTA). Mwa izi, meta-aramid ndi para-aramid ndi omwe adapanga mafakitale. Kuchokera pamawonekedwe a mamolekyu, kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa ziwirizi kumakhala pamalo atomu ya kaboni mu mphete ya benzene komwe chomangira cha amide chimalumikizidwa. Kusiyanitsa kwapangidwe kumeneku kumabweretsa kusiyana kwakukulu muzinthu zamakina ndi kukhazikika kwamafuta.
Para-Aramid
Para-aramid, kapena poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA), yomwe imadziwikanso ku China monga Aramid 1414, ndi polima wamtali wamzere wokhala ndi zomangira zake zopitilira 85% zomwe zimalumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi mphete zonunkhira. Zogulitsa za para-aramid zopambana kwambiri ndi DuPont's Kevlar® ndi Teijin's Twaron®, zomwe zimalamulira msika wapadziko lonse lapansi. Unali ulusi woyamba kupangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira yamadzimadzi ya crystalline polima yozungulira, ndikuyambitsa nthawi yatsopano ya ulusi wopangidwa bwino kwambiri. Pankhani yamakina, mphamvu yake yokhazikika imatha kufika 3.0-3.6 GPa, zotanuka modulus 70-170 GPa, ndi elongation pakupuma 2-4%. Makhalidwe apaderawa amapatsa mwayi wosasinthika pakulimbitsa chingwe cholumikizira, chitetezo cha ballistic, ndi magawo ena.
Meta-Aramid
Meta-aramid, kapena poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) (PMTA), yomwe imadziwikanso ku China monga Aramid 1313, ndi ulusi wotsogola wosamva kutentha kwambiri. Kapangidwe kake ka maselo kumakhala ndi magulu a amide omwe amalumikiza mphete za meta-phenylene, kupanga unyolo wa zigzag wokhazikika ndi ma intermolecular hydrogen bond mu network ya 3D. Kapangidwe kameneka kamapangitsa kuti ulusiwo ukhale wocheperako kwambiri pamoto, kukhazikika kwamafuta, komanso kukana ma radiation. Chinthu chodziwika bwino ndi DuPont's Nomex®, yokhala ndi Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) ya 28-32, kutentha kwa galasi pafupifupi 275 ° C, ndi kutentha kosalekeza kwa utumiki pamwamba pa 200 ° C, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri mu zingwe zosagwira moto ndi zipangizo zotentha kwambiri.
Zabwino Kwambiri za Aramid Fiber
Fiber ya Aramid imapereka mphamvu zowonjezera kwambiri, modulus yapamwamba, kukana kutentha, asidi ndi alkali kukana, kulemera kochepa, kusungunula, kukana kukalamba, moyo wautali, kukhazikika kwa mankhwala, palibe madontho osungunuka pamene kuyaka, ndi mpweya wopanda poizoni. Kuchokera pamawonekedwe ogwiritsira ntchito chingwe, para-aramid imaposa meta-aramid mu kukana kutentha, ndi kutentha kosalekeza kwa utumiki wa -196 mpaka 204 ° C ndipo palibe kuwola kapena kusungunuka pa 500 ° C. Zodziwika bwino za Para-aramid ndizophatikizira kulimba kwambiri, modulus yayikulu, kukana kutentha, kukana mankhwala, komanso kutsika kochepa. Mphamvu zake zimaposa 25 g/dtex—kuŵirikiza ka 5 mpaka 6 kuposa chitsulo chapamwamba kwambiri, kuŵirikiza katatu kuposa cha fiberglass, ndi kuŵirikiza kaŵiri kuposa ulusi wa nayiloni wamphamvu kwambiri wa mafakitale. Modulus yake ndi 2-3 nthawi yachitsulo kapena fiberglass ndi 10 nthawi ya nayiloni yamphamvu kwambiri. Ndiwolimba kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa waya wachitsulo ndipo imalemera pafupifupi 1/5 yokha, kupangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kwambiri kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito ngati kulimbikitsa zingwe zowunikira, zingwe zapansi pamadzi, ndi mitundu ina yazingwe zapamwamba.
Ma Mechanical Properties a Aramid Fiber
Meta-aramid ndi polima wosinthika wokhala ndi mphamvu zosweka kuposa poliyesitala wamba, thonje, kapena nayiloni. Ili ndi kutalika kwakukulu, kumveka kwa dzanja lofewa, kupota kwabwino, ndipo imatha kupangidwa kukhala ulusi waufupi kapena ulusi wokana mosiyanasiyana. Itha kukulungidwa munsalu ndi zopanda nsalu pogwiritsa ntchito makina ansalu wamba ndikukonzedwa kuti ikwaniritse zofunikira za zovala zodzitetezera zamafakitale osiyanasiyana. Potsekereza magetsi, meta-aramid yoletsa moto komanso yosamva kutentha imawonekera. Ndi LOI yoposa 28, sidzapitiriza kuyaka mutasiya lawi. Kukaniza kwake kwa malawi ndi gawo la kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala, kumapangitsa kuti isapse ndi moto mpaka kalekale - yosagwira ntchito chifukwa chochapitsidwa kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwanthawi yayitali. Meta-aramid ili ndi kukhazikika kwabwino kwa kutentha, ndikugwiritsa ntchito mosalekeza pa 205 ° C komanso kusunga mphamvu mwamphamvu ngakhale kutentha kopitilira 205 ° C. Kutentha kwake kovunda ndi kokwera, ndipo sikusungunuka kapena kudontha pa kutentha kwakukulu, kumangoyamba kuzizira pamwamba pa 370 ° C. Zinthuzi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zabwino kwambiri zotchinjiriza ndi kulimbikitsa zingwe zotentha kwambiri kapena zosagwira moto.
Chemical Kukhazikika kwa Aramid Fiber
Meta-aramid imatsutsana kwambiri ndi mankhwala ambiri komanso ma inorganic acid, ngakhale imakhudzidwa ndi sulfuric acid ndi nitric acid. Ilinso ndi kukana bwino kwa alkali kutentha kwapakati.
Kukana kwa Radiation kwa Aramid Fiber
Meta-aramid imawonetsa kukana kwapadera kwa radiation. Mwachitsanzo, ikayatsidwa kwa nthawi yayitali ku 1.2×10⁻² W/cm² kuwala kwa ultraviolet ndi 1.72×10⁸ rad gamma ray, mphamvu yake imakhala yosasinthika. Kukana kwamphamvu kwa ma radiation kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kwambiri pazingwe zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo opangira magetsi a nyukiliya ndi ndege.
Kukhalitsa kwa Aramid Fiber
Meta-aramid imawonetsanso kukwapula kwabwino komanso kukana mankhwala. Pambuyo pa kutsuka 100, nsalu yopangidwa kuchokera ku meta-aramid yopangidwa m'nyumba imakhala ndi 85% ya mphamvu zake zoyamba zong'ambika. Muzogwiritsira ntchito chingwe, kukhazikika kumeneku kumatsimikizira kukhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali kwa makina ndi magetsi.
Kugwiritsa ntchito Aramid Fiber
Fiber ya Aramid imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale aku China azamlengalenga, magalimoto, ma elekitirodi, zomangamanga, ndi zamasewera chifukwa cha makina ake abwino kwambiri, kukana kutentha kwambiri, komanso kukhazikika kwamankhwala. Imawonedwa ngati chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwamtsogolo kwa mafakitale ochita bwino kwambiri. Makamaka, aramid imagwira ntchito yosasinthika m'magawo a zingwe zolumikizirana, zingwe zamagetsi, zingwe zosagwira kutentha kwambiri, zingwe zapansi pamadzi, ndi zingwe zapadera.
Azamlengalenga ndi Military Fields
Aramid fiber imakhala ndi kachulukidwe kochepa, mphamvu yayikulu, komanso kukana kwa dzimbiri. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamapangidwe am'magalimoto apamlengalenga, monga ma rocket motor casings ndi ma radome a Broadband radome. Zida zake zophatikizika zimawonetsa kukana kwamphamvu kwambiri komanso kuwonekera kwa mafunde amagetsi, kumachepetsa kwambiri kulemera kwa ndege ndikuwonjezera chitetezo. M'gawo lachitetezo, aramid amagwiritsidwa ntchito povala zipolopolo, zipewa, ndi zotengera zosaphulika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zotsogola ku m'badwo wotsatira wa chitetezo chankhondo chopepuka.
Minda Yomanga ndi Mayendedwe
Pamakampani omanga, ulusi wa aramid umagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbitsa zida zamakina ndi zingwe za mlatho chifukwa chopepuka, kusinthasintha, komanso kukana dzimbiri. Ndiwothandiza makamaka kulimbikitsa zomangidwa mosagwirizana. Poyendetsa, aramid imagwiritsidwa ntchito munsalu zamatayala pamagalimoto ndi ndege. Matayala opangidwa ndi Aramid amapereka mphamvu zambiri, kukana kuphulika, kukana kutentha, ndi moyo wautali wautumiki, kukwaniritsa zofuna za magalimoto amakono othamanga kwambiri ndi ndege.
Makampani amagetsi, zamagetsi, ndi ma Cable
Aramid fiber imakhala ndi ntchito zodziwika kwambiri pamagetsi, zamagetsi, ndi mawaya & ma chingwe, makamaka m'magawo otsatirawa:
Mamembala Olimba M'zingwe Zowoneka: Ndi mphamvu zolimba kwambiri komanso modulus, fiber ya aramid imagwira ntchito ngati membala wolumikizana ndi zingwe zolumikizirana, kuteteza ulusi wosakhwima wa kuwala kuti usasokonezedwe ndi kupsinjika ndikuwonetsetsa kufalikira kwazizindikiro.
Kulimbitsa mu Zingwe: Muzingwe zapadera, zingwe zapansi pamadzi, zingwe zamagetsi, ndi zingwe zosagwira kutentha kwambiri, aramid amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chinthu chapakati cholimbitsa kapena chida chankhondo. Poyerekeza ndi zitsulo zolimbitsa thupi, aramid imapereka mphamvu zapamwamba pa kulemera kochepa, kupititsa patsogolo kwambiri mphamvu zamagetsi komanso kukhazikika kwa makina.
Insulation ndi Flame Retardancy: Ma composites a Aramid ali ndi dielectric yabwino komanso kukhazikika kwamafuta. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo otchingira chingwe, ma jekete osayatsa moto, komanso ma halogen opanda utsi wochepa. Pepala la Aramid, litayikidwa ndi vanishi wotsekereza, limaphatikizidwa ndi mica yachilengedwe kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito pama mota ndi ma transformer osatentha kwambiri.
Zingwe Zosagwirizana ndi Moto ndi Sitima ya Sitima: Kukana kwa moto kwa Aramid fiber ndi kulekerera kutentha kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yabwino kugwiritsidwa ntchito pazingwe za sitima zapamadzi, zingwe zoyendera njanji, ndi zingwe zanyukiliya zosagwira moto, pomwe miyezo yachitetezo imakhala yolimba.
EMC ndi Lightweighting: Kuwoneka bwino kwamagetsi kwa Aramid komanso kutsika kwa dielectric kosasintha kumapangitsa kukhala koyenera kwa zigawo zotchingira za EMI, ma radar a radome, ndi zida zophatikizira za optoelectronic, zomwe zimathandiza kupititsa patsogolo kuyenderana kwamagetsi ndi kuchepetsa kulemera kwa dongosolo.
Mapulogalamu Ena
Chifukwa cha mphete yake yonunkhira kwambiri, ulusi wa aramid umapereka kukhazikika kwamankhwala komanso kukana dzimbiri, kupangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera zingwe zam'madzi, zingwe zobowola mafuta, ndi zingwe zowulutsira pamwamba pamtunda m'malo ovuta. Imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri pazida zamasewera zoyambira, zida zodzitchinjiriza, ndi ma brake pads amagalimoto, ndipo ikugwiritsiridwa ntchito mochulukira ngati njira yosamalira zachilengedwe yofananira ndi asibesitosi pakusindikiza ndi kuyika zopakapaka, mapanelo opaka kutentha, ndi zida zina zosindikizira, kuwonetsetsa kuti magwiridwe antchito komanso chitetezo cha chilengedwe.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jul-31-2025