Ulusi wa Aramid, womwe ndi ulusi wa aromatic polyamide, uli m'gulu la ulusi wa high-performance anayi womwe umafunika kupangidwa ku China, pamodzi ndi ulusi wa carbon, ulusi wa polyethylene wolemera kwambiri (UHMWPE), ndi ulusi wa basalt. Monga nayiloni wamba, ulusi wa aramid uli m'gulu la ulusi wa polyamide, wokhala ndi ma amide bond mu unyolo waukulu wa mamolekyu. Kusiyana kwakukulu kuli mu mgwirizano: ma amide bond a nayiloni amalumikizidwa ku magulu a aliphatic, pomwe a aramid amalumikizidwa ndi mphete za benzene. Kapangidwe kapadera ka mamolekyulu kameneka kamapereka ulusi wa aramid mphamvu yayikulu kwambiri ya axial (>20cN/dtex) ndi modulus (>500GPa), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale chinthu chomwe chimakonda kwambiri cholimbitsa zingwe zapamwamba.
Mitundu ya Aramid Fiber
Ulusi wa AramidMakamaka zimaphatikizapo ulusi wa polyamide wonunkhira bwino ndi ulusi wa heterocyclic aromatic polyamide, womwe ungagawidwe m'magulu awiri: ortho-aramid, para-aramid (PPTA), ndi meta-aramid (PMTA). Pakati pa izi, meta-aramid ndi para-aramid ndi omwe apangidwa kukhala mafakitale. Kuchokera pamalingaliro a kapangidwe ka mamolekyulu, kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa ziwirizi kuli pamalo a atomu ya kaboni mu mphete ya benzene komwe chomangira cha amide chimalumikizidwa. Kusiyana kwa kapangidwe kameneka kumabweretsa kusiyana kwakukulu mu mawonekedwe a makina ndi kukhazikika kwa kutentha.
Para-Aramid
Para-aramid, kapena poly(p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA), yomwe imadziwikanso ku China kuti Aramid 1414, ndi polima yotalika kwambiri yokhala ndi ma amide opitilira 85% olumikizidwa mwachindunji ndi mphete za aromatic. Zogulitsa za para-aramid zomwe zimagulitsidwa bwino kwambiri ndi DuPont's Kevlar® ndi Teijin's Twaron®, zomwe zikutsogolera msika wapadziko lonse lapansi. Unali ulusi woyamba kupangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito yankho la polymer lozungulira lamadzimadzi, zomwe zimayambitsa nthawi yatsopano ya ulusi wopangidwa bwino kwambiri. Ponena za mawonekedwe a makina, mphamvu yake yolimba imatha kufika 3.0–3.6 GPa, elastic modulus 70–170 GPa, ndi kutalika pakadutsa 2–4%. Makhalidwe apadera awa amapatsa ubwino wosasinthika pakulimbitsa chingwe cha optical, chitetezo cha ballistic, ndi zina.
Meta-Aramid
Meta-aramid, kapena poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) (PMTA), yomwe imadziwikanso ku China kuti Aramid 1313, ndi ulusi wachilengedwe wodziwika bwino womwe umalimbana ndi kutentha kwambiri. Kapangidwe kake ka molekyulu kamakhala ndi magulu a amide omwe amalumikiza mphete za meta-phenylene, ndikupanga unyolo wolunjika wa zigzag wokhazikika ndi ma bond amphamvu a hydrogen pakati pa mamolekyulu mu netiweki ya 3D. Kapangidwe kameneka kamapatsa ulusiwo mphamvu yabwino kwambiri yoletsa moto, kukhazikika kwa kutentha, komanso kukana kuwala kwa dzuwa. Chinthu chodziwika bwino ndi DuPont's Nomex®, yokhala ndi Limiting Oxygen Index (LOI) ya 28–32, kutentha kwa galasi pafupifupi 275°C, komanso kutentha kosalekeza kopitilira 200°C, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito kwambiri mu zingwe zosagwira moto komanso zinthu zoteteza kutentha kwambiri.
Katundu Wabwino Kwambiri wa Aramid Fiber
Ulusi wa Aramid umapereka mphamvu zambiri, modulus yapamwamba, kukana kutentha, kukana asidi ndi alkali, kulemera kochepa, kutchinjiriza, kukana ukalamba, moyo wautali, kukhazikika kwa mankhwala, kusakhala ndi madontho osungunuka panthawi yoyaka, komanso mpweya wopanda poizoni. Kuchokera pamalingaliro ogwiritsira ntchito chingwe, para-aramid imaposa meta-aramid pakukana kutentha, ndi kutentha kosalekeza kwa -196 mpaka 204°C ndipo palibe kuwola kapena kusungunuka pa 500°C. Makhalidwe odziwika bwino a Para-aramid ndi monga mphamvu zambiri, modulus yapamwamba, kukana kutentha, kukana mankhwala, komanso kukhuthala kochepa. Mphamvu zake zimaposa 25 g/dtex—kuchulukitsa ka 5 mpaka 6 kuposa chitsulo chapamwamba, kuchulukitsa ka 3 kuposa fiberglass, komanso kuchulukitsa kawiri kuposa ulusi wa nayiloni wamphamvu kwambiri. Modulus yake ndi kuchulukitsa ka 2-3 kuposa chitsulo kapena fiberglass ndi kuchulukitsa ka 10 kuposa nayiloni wamphamvu kwambiri. Ndi yolimba kuwirikiza kawiri kuposa waya wachitsulo ndipo imalemera pafupifupi 1/5 yokha, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zomangira mu zingwe zamagetsi, zingwe zam'madzi, ndi mitundu ina ya zingwe zapamwamba.
Kapangidwe ka Makina a Aramid Fiber
Meta-aramid ndi polima yosinthasintha yokhala ndi mphamvu yosweka kuposa polyester wamba, thonje, kapena nayiloni. Ili ndi liwiro lalikulu lotalikirana, imamveka bwino m'manja, imatha kupota bwino, ndipo imatha kupangidwa kukhala ulusi waufupi kapena ulusi wamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Itha kupota kukhala nsalu ndi zinthu zopanda ulusi pogwiritsa ntchito makina wamba a nsalu ndikukonzedwa kuti ikwaniritse zosowa za zovala zoteteza zamafakitale osiyanasiyana. Mu kutchinjiriza kwamagetsi, mphamvu za meta-aramid zoletsa moto komanso zosatentha zimaonekera. Ndi LOI yoposa 28, sipitiriza kuyaka ikachoka mumoto. Kukana kwake moto ndi gawo la kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yoletsa moto kosatha—yosataya ntchito chifukwa chotsuka kapena kugwiritsa ntchito nthawi yayitali. Meta-aramid ili ndi kukhazikika kwabwino kwa kutentha, ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kosalekeza pa 205°C komanso mphamvu yosungabe ngakhale kutentha kopitilira 205°C. Kutentha kwake kowonongeka kumakhala kwakukulu, ndipo sikusungunuka kapena kudontha kutentha kwambiri, kumayamba kungokhala kaboni pamwamba pa 370°C. Zinthu zimenezi zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yabwino kwambiri poteteza kutentha ndi kulimbitsa zingwe zotentha kwambiri kapena zosagwira moto.
Kukhazikika kwa Ulusi wa Aramid mu Mankhwala
Meta-aramid imalimbana bwino ndi mankhwala ambiri komanso ma inorganic acid ambiri, ngakhale kuti imakhudzidwa ndi ma sulfuric ndi nitric acid ambiri. Imalimbananso ndi alkali yabwino kutentha kwa chipinda.
Kukana kwa Radiation kwa Aramid Fiber
Meta-aramid imalimbana ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ikakumana ndi kuwala kwa ultraviolet kwa 1.2×10⁻² W/cm² ndi kuwala kwa gamma kwa 1.72×10⁸ rad, mphamvu yake siinasinthe. Kukana kuwala kwa dzuwa kumeneku kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera kwambiri pa zingwe zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo opangira mphamvu za nyukiliya ndi zombo zamlengalenga.
Kulimba kwa Ulusi wa Aramid
Meta-aramid imasonyezanso kukanda bwino komanso kukana mankhwala. Nsalu yopangidwa kuchokera ku meta-aramid yopangidwa m'nyumba ikatha kutsukidwa ka 100, imasunga mphamvu yoposa 85% ya kung'ambika kwake koyambirira. Mukugwiritsa ntchito chingwe, kulimba kumeneku kumatsimikizira kukhazikika kwa magwiridwe antchito a makina ndi magetsi kwa nthawi yayitali.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Aramid Fiber
Ulusi wa Aramid umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'makampani aku China opanga ndege, magalimoto, zamagetsi, zomangamanga, ndi masewera chifukwa cha makhalidwe ake abwino kwambiri a makina, kukana kutentha kwambiri, komanso kukhazikika kwa mankhwala. Umaonedwa ngati chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakukula kwa mtsogolo kwa mafakitale ogwira ntchito bwino. Makamaka, aramid imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri m'magawo a zingwe zolumikizirana, zingwe zamagetsi, zingwe zolimbana ndi kutentha kwambiri, zingwe zam'madzi, ndi zingwe zapadera.
Mabwalo a Ndege ndi Asilikali
Ulusi wa Aramid uli ndi mphamvu zochepa, mphamvu zambiri, komanso kukana dzimbiri bwino. Umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'zigawo za kapangidwe ka magalimoto amlengalenga, monga ma rocket motor casings ndi ma broadband radome structures. Zipangizo zake zophatikizika zimawonetsa kukana kwabwino kwambiri komanso kuwonekera bwino kwa mafunde amagetsi, zomwe zimachepetsa kwambiri kulemera kwa ndege ndikuwonjezera chitetezo. Mu gawo la chitetezo, aramid imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'ma vest osaphulitsidwa ndi zipolopolo, zipewa, ndi zotengera zosaphulitsidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale chinthu chotsogola kwambiri pa chitetezo chankhondo cha m'badwo wotsatira.
Ntchito Zomangamanga ndi Zoyendera
Mu makampani omanga, ulusi wa aramid umagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbitsa kapangidwe kake ndi makina a chingwe cha mlatho chifukwa cha kupepuka kwake, kusinthasintha kwake, komanso kukana dzimbiri. Umagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri polimbitsa kapangidwe kake kosasinthasintha. Pamayendedwe, aramid imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu nsalu za matayala a magalimoto ndi ndege. Matayala olimbikitsidwa ndi aramid amapereka mphamvu zambiri, kukana kubowoka, kukana kutentha, komanso moyo wautali wautumiki, kukwaniritsa zofunikira zamagalimoto amakono othamanga kwambiri komanso ndege.
Makampani Amagetsi, Zamagetsi, ndi Zingwe
Ulusi wa Aramid umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo opanga magetsi, zamagetsi, ndi mawaya ndi zingwe, makamaka m'magawo otsatirawa:
Zingwe Zomangirira mu Zingwe Zowala: Ndi mphamvu yolimba komanso modulus yambiri, ulusi wa aramid umagwira ntchito ngati chiwalo chomangirira mu zingwe zolumikizirana, kuteteza ulusi wofewa wa kuwala kuti usawonongeke pamene ukugwedezeka ndikuwonetsetsa kuti chizindikirocho chikuyenda bwino.
Kulimbitsa Zingwe: Mu zingwe zapadera, zingwe za pansi pamadzi, zingwe zamagetsi, ndi zingwe zopirira kutentha kwambiri, aramid imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati chinthu cholimbitsa pakati kapena choteteza. Poyerekeza ndi zolimbitsa zitsulo, aramid imapereka mphamvu yapamwamba kwambiri pa kulemera kochepa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zingwe zikhale zolimba komanso kukhazikika kwa makina kukhale kolimba.
Kuteteza ndi Kuteteza Moto: Zopangidwa ndi Aramid zimakhala ndi kukhazikika kwabwino kwa dielectric ndi kutentha. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu zigawo zoteteza chingwe, majekete oteteza moto, komanso ma sheathing opanda utsi wambiri. Pepala la Aramid, likapakidwa varnish yoteteza kutentha, limaphatikizidwa ndi mica yachilengedwe kuti ligwiritsidwe ntchito mu ma mota ndi ma transformer omwe satentha kwambiri.
Zingwe Zosagwira Moto ndi Zoyendera Sitima: Chifukwa chakuti fiber ya Aramid imalimbana ndi moto komanso kupirira kutentha, imapangidwa kuti ikhale yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu zingwe za sitima, zingwe zoyendera sitima, ndi zingwe zoteteza moto za nyukiliya, komwe miyezo ya chitetezo ndi yokhwima.
EMC ndi Kupepuka: Kuwonekera bwino kwa maginito amagetsi a Aramid komanso kusasinthasintha kwa dielectric kumapangitsa kuti ikhale yoyenera ku EMI shielding layers, radar radomes, ndi optoelectronic integration components, zomwe zimathandiza kukonza kugwirizanitsa kwa maginito amagetsi ndikuchepetsa kulemera kwa makina.
Mapulogalamu Ena
Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mphete yake yonunkhira bwino, ulusi wa aramid umapereka kukhazikika kwa mankhwala komanso kukana dzimbiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ukhale woyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe zam'madzi, zingwe zobowolera mafuta, ndi zingwe zotumizira zamagetsi m'malo ovuta. Umagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri pazida zapamwamba zamasewera, zida zoteteza, ndi ma brake pads amagalimoto, ndipo ukugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati njira ina yosawononga chilengedwe m'malo mwa asbestos potseka ndi kutchingira, mapanelo otchingira kutentha, ndi zigawo zina zotchingira, kuonetsetsa kuti magwiridwe antchito komanso chitetezo cha chilengedwe chikuyenda bwino.
Nthawi yotumizira: Julayi-31-2025