Zipangizo Zotchingira Madzi
Zipangizo zotsekera madzi nthawi zambiri zimatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: zotsekera madzi zogwira ntchito komanso zotsekera madzi zosagwira ntchito. Zotsekera madzi zogwira ntchito zimagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zoyamwa madzi komanso kutupa kwa zinthu zogwira ntchito. Pamene chidebe kapena cholumikizira chawonongeka, zinthuzi zimakula zikakhudzana ndi madzi, zomwe zimalepheretsa kulowa kwake mkati mwa chingwe. Zipangizozi zikuphatikizapogel yotambasula yomwe imayamwa madzi, tepi yotsekera madzi, ufa wotsekera madzi,ulusi wotchingira madzi, ndi chingwe chotchingira madzi. Koma chotchingira madzi chosagwiritsa ntchito madzi, chimagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosagwiritsa ntchito madzi kuti chitseke madzi kunja kwa chingwe pamene chivundikirocho chawonongeka. Zitsanzo za zinthu zotchingira madzi zosagwiritsa ntchito madzi ndi phala lodzaza ndi mafuta, guluu wosungunuka wotentha, ndi phala lokulitsa kutentha.
I. Zipangizo Zoletsa Madzi Zosagwira Ntchito
Kudzaza zinthu zotchingira madzi, monga petroleum phala, mu zingwe inali njira yayikulu yotsekera madzi mu zingwe zoyambirira zamagetsi. Njirayi imaletsa madzi kulowa mu zingwe koma ili ndi zovuta izi:
1. Zimawonjezera kwambiri kulemera kwa chingwe;
2. Zimayambitsa kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya chingwe;
3. Phala la petulo limaipitsa kwambiri malo olumikizira chingwe, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti kuyeretsa kukhale kovuta;
4. Njira yonse yodzazira ndi yovuta kuyilamulira, ndipo kudzaza kosakwanira kungayambitse kusagwira bwino ntchito kwa madzi.
II. Zipangizo Zoletsa Madzi Zogwira Ntchito
Pakadali pano, zinthu zogwira ntchito zotchingira madzi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zingwe ndi tepi yotchingira madzi, ufa wotchingira madzi, chingwe chotchingira madzi, ndi ulusi wotchingira madzi. Poyerekeza ndi phala la petroleum, zinthu zogwira ntchito zotchingira madzi zili ndi makhalidwe awa: kuyamwa madzi kwambiri komanso kutupa kwambiri. Zimatha kuyamwa madzi mwachangu ndikutupa mwachangu kuti zipange chinthu chonga gel chomwe chimatseka kulowa kwa madzi, motero zimaonetsetsa kuti chingwecho chili ndi chitetezo. Kuphatikiza apo, zinthu zogwira ntchito zotchingira madzi ndizopepuka, zoyera, komanso zosavuta kuyika ndikulumikiza. Komabe, zilinso ndi zovuta zina:
1. Ufa woletsa madzi ndi wovuta kuulumikiza mofanana;
2. Tepi kapena ulusi wotchinga madzi ukhoza kuwonjezera kukula kwakunja, kusokoneza kutayika kwa kutentha, kufulumizitsa kukalamba kwa chingwe, ndikuchepetsa mphamvu yotumizira chingwe;
3. Zipangizo zotchingira madzi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zodula kwambiri.
Kusanthula Kutsekeka kwa Madzi: Pakadali pano, njira yayikulu ku China yoletsera madzi kulowa mu chingwe chotetezera madzi ndikuwonjezera gawo losalowa madzi. Komabe, kuti tikwaniritse kutsekeka kwa madzi m'zingwe, sitiyenera kungoganizira za kulowa kwa madzi ozungulira komanso kupewa kufalikira kwa madzi nthawi yayitali akangolowa mu chingwe.
Polyethylene (Chidebe Chamkati) Chosalowa Madzi: Kutulutsa gawo loletsa madzi la polyethylene, pamodzi ndi gawo loteteza madzi (monga tepi yoletsa madzi), kumatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira pakutseka madzi kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kuteteza chinyezi m'zingwe zomwe zayikidwa m'malo onyowa pang'ono. Gawo loletsa madzi la polyethylene ndi losavuta kupanga ndipo silifuna zida zina zowonjezera.
Tepi ya Aluminiyamu Yokutidwa ndi Pulasitiki Polyethylene Bonded Waterproof Isolation Layer: Ngati zingwe zayikidwa m'madzi kapena m'malo onyowa kwambiri, mphamvu yoletsa madzi ya polyethylene isolation layer ikhoza kukhala yosakwanira. Pa zingwe zomwe zimafuna mphamvu yayikulu yoletsa madzi ya radial, tsopano ndichizolowezi kukulunga wosanjikiza wa tepi ya aluminiyamu-pulasitiki yozungulira pakati pa chingwe. Chisindikizo ichi ndi cholimba nthawi mazana kapena zikwi kuposa polyethylene yoyera. Bola ngati msoko wa tepi ya composite walumikizidwa bwino ndikutsekedwa, kulowa m'madzi n'kosatheka. Tepi ya aluminiyamu-pulasitiki yophatikizana imafuna njira yayitali yokulunga ndi kulumikiza, yomwe imaphatikizapo ndalama zowonjezera komanso kusintha zida.
Mu ntchito zauinjiniya, kukwaniritsa kutsekeka kwa madzi kwa nthawi yayitali n'kovuta kwambiri kuposa kutsekeka kwa madzi kwa radial. Njira zosiyanasiyana, monga kusintha kapangidwe ka conductor kukhala kapangidwe kokanikizidwa mwamphamvu, zagwiritsidwa ntchito, koma zotsatira zake zakhala zochepa chifukwa pali mipata mu conductor yokanikizidwa yomwe imalola madzi kufalikira kudzera mu capillary action. Kuti mukwaniritse kutsekeka kwa madzi kwa nthawi yayitali, ndikofunikira kudzaza mipata mu conductor yosweka ndi zinthu zotsekereza madzi. Miyeso iwiri yotsatirayi ndi kapangidwe kake zingagwiritsidwe ntchito kukwaniritsa kutsekeka kwa madzi kwa nthawi yayitali mu zingwe:
1. Kugwiritsa ntchito ma conductor oletsa madzi. Onjezani chingwe choletsa madzi, ufa woletsa madzi, ulusi woletsa madzi, kapena kukulunga tepi yoletsa madzi mozungulira conductor yokanikizidwa mwamphamvu.
2. Kugwiritsa ntchito ma cores oletsa madzi. Pakupanga chingwe, dzazani pakati ndi ulusi woletsa madzi, chingwe, kapena kulunga pakati ndi tepi yoletsa madzi yotulutsa mpweya kapena yoteteza madzi.
Pakadali pano, vuto lalikulu pakutseka madzi kwa nthawi yayitali lili m'ma kondakitala otsekereza madzi—momwe mungadzazire zinthu zotsekereza madzi pakati pa ma kondakitala ndi zinthu zotsekereza madzi zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito zikadali cholinga chachikulu cha kafukufuku.
Ⅲ. Mapeto
Ukadaulo woletsa madzi pogwiritsa ntchito ma radial umagwiritsa ntchito zigawo zodzipatula zotchingira madzi zomwe zimazunguliridwa ndi gawo loteteza madzi la kondakitala, ndipo gawo loteteza madzi limawonjezeredwa panja. Pa zingwe zapakati, tepi yophatikizika ya aluminiyamu-pulasitiki imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, pomwe zingwe zamphamvu kwambiri nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito majekete otsekera zitsulo monga lead, aluminiyamu, kapena zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri.
Ukadaulo woletsa madzi wautali umayang'ana kwambiri pakudzaza mipata pakati pa zingwe zoyendetsera madzi ndi zinthu zoletsa madzi kuti zisafalikire pakati pa madzi. Kuchokera ku chitukuko chaukadaulo chomwe chilipo pano, kudzaza ndi ufa woletsa madzi kumathandiza kwambiri poletsa madzi kwa nthawi yayitali.
Kupeza zingwe zosalowa madzi kudzakhudza kwambiri kutayikira kwa kutentha kwa chingwecho komanso momwe chimagwirira ntchito, choncho ndikofunikira kusankha kapena kupanga kapangidwe koyenera ka chingwe chotchinga madzi kutengera zofunikira zaukadaulo.
Nthawi yotumizira: Feb-14-2025