Mu zinthu za waya ndi chingwe, zomangamanga zotchingira zimagawidwa m'magulu awiri osiyana: chitetezo chamagetsi ndi chitetezo chamagetsi. Chitetezo chamagetsi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka poletsa zingwe zamagetsi zamagetsi (monga zingwe za RF ndi zingwe zamagetsi) kuti zisasokoneze chilengedwe chakunja kapena kuletsa mafunde amagetsi akunja kuti asasokoneze zingwe zomwe zimatumiza mafunde ofooka (monga zingwe za chizindikiro ndi zoyezera), komanso kuchepetsa kusokonezana pakati pa zingwe. Kumbali ina, chitetezo chamagetsi chimapangidwa kuti chigwirizane ndi minda yamagetsi yamphamvu pamwamba pa conductor kapena pamwamba pa insulation ya zingwe zamagetsi zapakati ndi zapamwamba.
1. Kapangidwe ndi Zofunikira za Zigawo Zotchingira Masamba Zamagetsi
Kuteteza zingwe zamagetsi kumagawidwa m'magulu awiri: kuteteza ma conductor, kuteteza ma insulation, ndi kuteteza zitsulo. Malinga ndi miyezo yoyenera, zingwe zokhala ndi voltage yoposa 0.6/1 kV ziyenera kukhala ndi chitsulo choteteza, chomwe chingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa ma cores otetezedwa payekha kapena pakati pa chingwe chonse. Pa zingwe zokhala ndi voltage yochepera 3.6/6 kV pogwiritsa ntchito XLPE (cross-linked polyethylene) insulation, kapena zingwe zokhala ndi voltage yochepera 3.6/6 kV pogwiritsa ntchito EPR yopyapyala (ethylene propylene raber) insulation (kapena insulation yokhuthala yokhala ndi voltage yochepera 6/10 kV), kapangidwe ka chitetezo chamkati ndi chakunja kamafunikanso.
(1) Kuteteza ndi Kuteteza Choyendetsa
Chotchingira Makontrakitala (Chotchingira Makontrakitala Chamkati): Ichi sichiyenera kukhala chachitsulo, chokhala ndi zinthu zotulutsira makontrakitala zomwe zimatulutsidwa kapena kuphatikiza tepi yotulutsira makontrakitala yomwe imazunguliridwa ndi zinthu zotulutsira makontrakitala zomwe zimatulutsidwa.
Kuteteza Kuteteza (Kuteteza Kunja Kokhala ndi Ma Conductive): Izi zimatulutsidwa mwachindunji pamwamba pa tsinde lililonse lotetezedwa ndipo zimamangiriridwa mwamphamvu kapena kuchotsedwa ku gawo loteteza.
Zigawo zamkati ndi zakunja zomwe zimatuluka ziyenera kulumikizidwa mwamphamvu ku insulation, ndi mawonekedwe osalala opanda zizindikiro zooneka za conductor strands, m'mbali zakuthwa, tinthu tating'onoting'ono, kutentha, kapena kukanda. Kukana kwa resistivity isanayambe komanso itatha kukalamba sikuyenera kupitirira 1000 Ω·m pa conductor shielding layer ndipo osapitirira 500 Ω·m pa insulation shielding layer.
Zipangizo zotetezera zamkati ndi zakunja zopangidwa ndi theka-conductive zimapangidwa posakaniza zinthu zotetezera (monga cross-linked polyethylene (XLPE) ndi ethylene propylene rabara (EPR)) ndi zowonjezera monga carbon black, anti-aging agents, ndi ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. Tinthu takuda ta carbon tiyenera kugawidwa mofanana mu polima, popanda kusonkhana kapena kufalikira koipa.
Kukhuthala kwa zigawo zotchingira zamkati ndi zakunja za semi-conductive kumawonjezeka ndi kuchuluka kwa magetsi. Popeza mphamvu yamagetsi pa insulation layer ndi yayikulu mkati ndi pansi kunja, makulidwe a zigawo zotchingira za semi-conductive ayeneranso kukhala okhuthala mkati ndi ocheperako kunja. Pa zingwe zomwe zili ndi 6~10~35 kV, makulidwe amkati nthawi zambiri amakhala pakati pa 0.5~0.6~0.8 mm.
(2) Chishango cha Chitsulo
Zingwe zokhala ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yoposa 0.6/1 kV ziyenera kukhala ndi gawo loteteza chitsulo. Gawo loteteza chitsulo liyenera kuphimba kunja kwa pakati pa chingwe chilichonse chotetezedwa kapena pakati pa chingwe. Zoteteza chitsulo zitha kukhala ndi tepi imodzi kapena zingapo zachitsulo, zoluka zachitsulo, zigawo zozungulira za mawaya achitsulo, kapena kuphatikiza mawaya achitsulo ndi matepi.
Ku Ulaya ndi mayiko otukuka, komwe makina ozungulira awiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi mphamvu ndipo mafunde afupiafupi amakhala okwera, nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kuteteza waya wa mkuwa. Ku China, makina operekera magetsi ozungulira a arc oletsa coil ndi ofala kwambiri, kotero kutetezera tepi ya mkuwa nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Opanga zingwe amagwiritsa ntchito matepi olimba a mkuwa powadula ndi kuwafewetsa asanagwiritse ntchito. Matepi ofewa a mkuwa ayenera kutsatira muyezo wa GB/T11091-2005 wa "Matepi a Mkuwa a Zingwe".
Chotchingira tepi ya mkuwa chiyenera kukhala ndi tepi imodzi yofewa ya mkuwa yolumikizidwa kapena zigawo ziwiri za tepi yofewa ya mkuwa yolumikizidwa ndi mipata. Chiŵerengero chapakati cha tepi yolumikizidwa chiyenera kukhala 15% ya m'lifupi mwa tepi, ndi chiŵerengero chocheperako cha 5%. Kukhuthala kwa tepi ya mkuwa kuyenera kukhala kosachepera 0.12 mm pa zingwe za single-core ndi kosachepera 0.10 mm pa zingwe za multi-core. Kukhuthala kocheperako kuyenera kukhala kosachepera 90% ya chiŵerengero cha nomine.
Chitetezo cha waya wa mkuwa chimakhala ndi mawaya ofewa a mkuwa opindika pang'ono, ndipo pamwamba pake pamatetezedwa ndi mawaya a mkuwa kapena matepi opindika kumbuyo. Kukana kwake kuyenera kutsatira muyezo wa GB/T3956-2008 wa “Conductors of Cables”, ndipo malo ake olumikizirana ayenera kutsimikiziridwa kutengera mphamvu yamagetsi yolakwika.
2. Ntchito za Zigawo Zoteteza ndi Ubale Wawo ndi Ma Voltage Ratings
(1) Ntchito za Chitetezo cha Mkati ndi Chakunja Chosapanga Ma Conductive
Ma conductor a chingwe nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi mawaya angapo omangika komanso opapatiza. Pa nthawi yotulutsa insulation, mipata yapafupi, ma burrs, kapena kusakhazikika kwa pamwamba pakati pa pamwamba pa conductor ndi insulation layer kungayambitse kuchuluka kwa magetsi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kutulutsa pang'ono ndi kutulutsa mitengo, zomwe zimawononga magwiridwe antchito amagetsi. Mwa kutulutsa wosanjikiza wa zinthu zoyendetsera magetsi (conductor shielding) pakati pa pamwamba pa conductor ndi insulation layer, imatha kugwirizana mwamphamvu ndi insulation. Popeza wosanjikiza wa semi-conductive uli ndi mphamvu yofanana ndi conductor, mipata iliyonse pakati pawo sidzakumana ndi zotsatira za magetsi, motero kuletsa kutuluka pang'ono.
Mofananamo, mipata pakati pa pamwamba pa insulation yakunja ndi chitsulo (kapena chitsulo choteteza) ingayambitsenso kutulutsa pang'ono, makamaka pamagetsi okwera kwambiri. Mwa kutulutsa wosanjikiza wa zinthu zoyendetsera mpweya (choteteza kutentha) pamwamba pa insulation yakunja, imapanga malo olumikizirana ndi chitsulo choteteza kutentha, kuchotsa zotsatira zamagetsi mkati mwa mipata ndikuletsa kutulutsa pang'ono.
(2) Ntchito za Kuteteza Chitsulo
Ntchito za chitetezo chachitsulo zimaphatikizapo: kuyendetsa mafunde amphamvu pansi pa mikhalidwe yabwinobwino, kugwira ntchito ngati njira ya mafunde afupikitsa (olakwika), kuletsa mphamvu yamagetsi mkati mwa chotenthetsera (kuchepetsa kusokoneza kwa maginito ku chilengedwe chakunja), ndikuwonetsetsa kuti magetsi amagetsi ofanana (magawo amagetsi a radial). Mu makina a waya anayi a magawo atatu, imagwiranso ntchito ngati mzere wopanda malire, wonyamula mafunde osalinganika, komanso imapereka chitetezo cha madzi cha radial.
3. Zokhudza Chingwe cha OW
Monga kampani yotsogola yopereka zinthu zopangira waya ndi zingwe, OW Cable imapereka polyethylene yolumikizidwa bwino kwambiri (XLPE), matepi amkuwa, zingwe zamkuwa, ndi zinthu zina zotetezera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zingwe zamagetsi, zingwe zolumikizirana, ndi zingwe zapadera. Zogulitsa zathu zimagwirizana ndi miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi, ndipo tadzipereka kupereka mayankho odalirika oteteza zingwe kwa makasitomala athu.
Nthawi yotumizira: Marichi-24-2025