Pazinthu zamawaya ndi zingwe, zida zotchingira zimagawidwa m'magulu awiri: kutchingira kwamagetsi ndi kutchingira kumunda wamagetsi. Electromagnetic shielding imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kuteteza zingwe zama siginecha zapamwamba (monga zingwe za RF ndi zingwe zamagetsi) kuti zisasokoneze chilengedwe kapena kuletsa mafunde akunja amagetsi kuti asasokoneze zingwe zotumiza mafunde ofooka (monga zingwe zama siginecha ndi kuyeza), komanso kuchepetsa kusokoneza pakati pa zingwe. Komano, chitetezo chamagetsi chamagetsi chimapangidwa kuti chizitha kuwongolera minda yamagetsi yamphamvu pamtunda wa kondakitala kapena kutchinjiriza pamwamba pazingwe zapakati komanso zamphamvu kwambiri.
1. Mapangidwe ndi Zofunikira za Magetsi Oteteza Zamagetsi
Kutchinga kwa zingwe zamagetsi kumagawika m'ma conductor shielding, insulation shielding, ndi chitsulo shielding. Malinga ndi miyezo yoyenera, zingwe zokhala ndi voteji yoyezera kuposa 0.6/1 kV ziyenera kukhala ndi chitsulo chotchinga, chomwe chitha kuyikidwa pazitsulo zotsekeredwa kapena pachimake cha chingwe chonse. Kwa zingwe zokhala ndi voteji osachepera 3.6/6 kV pogwiritsa ntchito kutchinjiriza kwa XLPE (zolumikizana ndi polyethylene), kapena zingwe zokhala ndi voteji osachepera 3.6/6 kV pogwiritsa ntchito mphira woonda wa EPR (ethylene propylene rubber) insulation (kapena kutchinjiriza wandiweyani wokhala ndi voteji osachepera 6/10 kV), mawonekedwe amkati ndi akunja amafunikiranso.
(1) Conductor Shielding ndi Insulation Shielding
Conductor Shielding (Inner Semi-Conductive Shielding): Izi zikuyenera kukhala zopanda zitsulo, zokhala ndi zinthu zotulutsa semi-conductive kapena kuphatikiza tepi ya semi-conductive yomwe imakulungidwa mozungulira kokondakita ndikutsatiridwa ndi zinthu zotulutsa zotulutsa.
Insulation Shielding (Outer Semi-Conductive Shielding): Izi zimatuluka molunjika pamwamba pa phata lililonse lotsekeredwa ndipo zimamangidwa mwamphamvu kapena kusendekedwa kuchokera pagawo lotsekera.
Zigawo zotuluka mkati ndi kunja kwa semi-conductive ziyenera kukhala zomangika mwamphamvu ku zotchingira, zokhala ndi mawonekedwe osalala opanda zingwe zowoneka bwino za kondakitala, m'mbali zakuthwa, tinthu tating'onoting'ono, totentha, kapena zokanda. The resistivity pamaso ndi pambuyo ukalamba sayenera kupitirira 1000 Ω · m kwa kondakitala chishango wosanjikiza ndi zosapitirira 500 Ω · m kwa kutchinjiriza wosanjikiza.
Zida zotetezera mkati ndi kunja kwa semi-conductive shielding zimapangidwa ndi kusakaniza zipangizo zotetezera (monga polyethylene (XLPE) ndi ethylene propylene rabara (EPR)) ndi zowonjezera monga carbon black, anti-aging agents, ndi ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. The mpweya wakuda particles ayenera wogawana anagawira polima, popanda agglomeration kapena osauka kubalalitsidwa.
Kuchuluka kwa zigawo zamkati ndi kunja kwa semi-conductive shielding kumawonjezeka ndi voteji. Popeza mphamvu yamagetsi yamagetsi pazitsulo zotsekemera imakhala yokwera kwambiri mkati ndi yotsika kunja, makulidwe a zigawo zotetezera semi-conductive ziyeneranso kukhala zowonjezereka mkati ndi zowonda kunja. Pazingwe zovotera 6 ~ 10 ~ 35 kV, makulidwe amkati amachokera ku 0.5 ~ 0.6 ~ 0.8 mm.
(2) Kuteteza Chitsulo
Zingwe zokhala ndi voteji yopitilira 0.6/1 kV ziyenera kukhala ndi chitsulo chotchingira. Chotchinga chotchinga chachitsulo chiyenera kuphimba kunja kwa chigawo chilichonse cha insulated kapena pachimake cha chingwe. Kutchinga kwachitsulo kumatha kukhala ndi tepi imodzi kapena zingapo zachitsulo, zomangira zitsulo, zigawo zokhazikika za mawaya achitsulo, kapena kuphatikiza mawaya achitsulo ndi matepi.
Ku Ulaya ndi maiko otukuka, kumene machitidwe olimbana ndi maulendo apawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso mafunde afupiafupi ndi apamwamba, kutchinga kwa waya wamkuwa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Ku China, ma arc kupondereza ma coil-based single-circuit magetsi amachulukirachulukira, kotero kutchinga kwa tepi yamkuwa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Opanga zingwe amagula matepi a mkuwa olimba powadula ndi kumangirira kuti awafewetse asanawagwiritse ntchito. Matepi ofewa amkuwa ayenera kutsatira muyezo wa GB/T11091-2005 wa "Copper Tapes for Cables".
Chotchinga chamkuwa chikuyenera kukhala ndi wosanjikiza umodzi wa tepi yofewa yopiringizika kapena zigawo ziwiri za tepi yofewa yokhala ndi malire. Kuchulukana kwapakati kuyenera kukhala 15% ya m'lifupi mwa tepi, ndi kuphatikizika kocheperako kosachepera 5%. Kukula mwadzina kwa tepi yamkuwa kuyenera kukhala kosachepera 0,12 mm kwa zingwe zapakatikati komanso zosachepera 0.10 mm pazingwe zamakina ambiri. Kunenepa kocheperako kuyenera kukhala kosachepera 90% ya mtengo wadzina.
Chotchinga chawaya chamkuwa chimakhala ndi mawaya ofewa ofewa omangika, otchingidwa pamwamba ndi mawaya amkuwa okulungidwa kumbuyo kapena matepi. Kukaniza kwake kuyenera kutsata muyezo wa GB/T3956-2008 "Conductors of Cables", ndipo gawo lake lodziyimira pawokha liyenera kutsimikiziridwa kutengera mphamvu yomwe ilipo.
2. Ntchito Zoteteza Zigawo ndi Ubale Wake ndi Mavoti a Voltage
(1) Ntchito za Inner ndi Outer Semi-Conductive Shielding
Ma Cable conductors nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi mawaya angapo omangika komanso ophatikizika. Panthawi yotsekera, mipata yam'deralo, ma burrs, kapena kusakhazikika kwapamtunda pakati pa kondakitala ndi wosanjikiza wotsekera kungayambitse kuyika kwa magetsi, kumabweretsa kutulutsa pang'ono ndi kutulutsa kwamitengo, komwe kumawononga mphamvu zamagetsi. Potulutsa gawo lazinthu zopangira semi-conductive (zotchingira zotchingira) pakati pa kondakitala pamwamba ndi zosanjikiza zotchingira, zimatha kulumikizana mwamphamvu ndi kutsekereza. Popeza kuti gawo la semi-conductive lili ndi mphamvu yofanana ndi yoyendetsa, mipata iliyonse pakati pawo sidzakhala ndi zotsatira za magetsi, motero zimalepheretsa kutulutsa pang'ono.
Mofananamo, mipata pakati pa malo otsekemera akunja ndi sheath yachitsulo (kapena kutchinga kwachitsulo) kungayambitsenso kutulutsa pang'ono, makamaka pamagetsi apamwamba. Mwa extruding wosanjikiza theka-conductive zakuthupi (insulation shielding) pa kunja kutchinjiriza pamwamba, izo zimapanga equipotential pamwamba ndi m'chimake zitsulo, kuthetsa mphamvu kumunda magetsi mkati mipata ndi kupewa kumaliseche pang'ono.
(2) Ntchito za Metal Shielding
Ntchito zoteteza zitsulo zikuphatikizapo: kuyendetsa mafunde a capacitive pansi pazikhalidwe zabwinobwino, kugwira ntchito ngati njira ya mafunde afupiafupi (wolakwika), kutsekereza gawo lamagetsi mkati mwa kutchinjiriza (kuchepetsa kusokoneza kwa ma elekitiroma ku chilengedwe chakunja), ndikuwonetsetsa minda yamagetsi yofananira (ma radial magetsi). M'magawo atatu amtundu wa waya, umagwiranso ntchito ngati mzere wosalowerera, wonyamula mafunde osagwirizana, ndipo umapereka madzi oletsa madzi.
3. Za OW Cable
Monga otsogola opanga zinthu zopangira waya ndi chingwe, OW Cable imapereka polyethylene (XLPE), matepi amkuwa, mawaya amkuwa, ndi zida zina zotetezera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zingwe zamagetsi, zingwe zoyankhulirana, ndi zingwe zapadera. Zogulitsa zathu zimagwirizana ndi miyezo yapadziko lonse lapansi, ndipo tadzipereka kupereka njira zodalirika zotetezera chingwe kwa makasitomala athu.
Nthawi yotumiza: Mar-24-2025