M'machitidwe amakono amagetsi, zingwe zothamanga kwambiri zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Kuchokera kumagulu amagetsi apansi panthaka m'mizinda kupita ku mizere yotumizira mtunda wautali kudutsa mapiri ndi mitsinje, zingwe zothamanga kwambiri zimatsimikizira kuti magetsi akuyenda bwino, okhazikika komanso otetezeka. Nkhaniyi ifufuza mozama matekinoloje osiyanasiyana okhudzana ndi zingwe zothamanga kwambiri, kuphatikizapo kapangidwe kake, kagawo, njira zopangira, mawonekedwe a magwiridwe antchito, kukhazikitsa ndi kukonza.
1.Basic mapangidwe a zingwe zamphamvu kwambiri
Zingwe zamphamvu kwambiri zimapangidwa makamaka ndi ma conductor, zigawo zotchingira, zotchingira zotchinga ndi zigawo zoteteza.
Kondakitala ndiye njira yopatsira zamakono ndipo nthawi zambiri imapangidwa ndi mkuwa kapena aluminiyamu. Copper imakhala ndi ma conductivity abwino komanso ductility, pomwe aluminiyumu ndi yotsika mtengo komanso yopepuka kulemera. Makondakitalawa nthawi zambiri amakhala ngati mawaya amitundu yambiri kuti azitha kusinthasintha.
Chigawo cha insulation ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la chingwe chokwera kwambiri, chomwe chimagwira ntchito poletsa kutuluka kwaposachedwa ndikupatula woyendetsa kudziko lakunja. Zida zodzitetezera zodziwika bwino zimaphatikizapo polyethylene (XLPE), mapepala amafuta, etc. XLPE ili ndi mphamvu zabwino kwambiri zamagetsi, kukana kutentha ndi mphamvu zamakina, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pazingwe zamakono zamakono.
Chotchinga chotchinga chimagawidwa kukhala chotchinga chamkati ndi chakunja. Chishango chamkati chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga yunifolomu yamagetsi ndikuletsa kutuluka kwa m'deralo kuwononga wosanjikiza wotsekemera; chishango chakunja chimatha kuchepetsa kusokoneza kwa gawo lakunja lamagetsi pa chingwe, komanso kulepheretsa chingwe kukhala ndi mphamvu yamagetsi kudziko lakunja.
Wosanjikiza woteteza makamaka amateteza chingwe kuti chisawonongeke ndi zinthu zakunja monga kuwonongeka kwamakina, kuwononga mankhwala komanso kulowerera kwamadzi. Nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi zida zachitsulo ndi mchimake wakunja. Zida zachitsulo zimatha kupereka mphamvu zamakina, ndipo sheath yakunja imakhala ndi ntchito zopanda madzi komanso zotsutsana ndi dzimbiri.
2. Gulu la zingwe zamphamvu kwambiri
Malinga ndi mulingo wa voteji, zingwe zamphamvu kwambiri zimatha kugawidwa kukhala zingwe zapakati-voltage (nthawi zambiri 3-35kV), zingwe zamphamvu kwambiri (35-110kV), zingwe zokulira kwambiri (110-500kV) komanso zokwera kwambiri. -zingwe zamagetsi (zoposa 500kV). Ma zingwe amitundu yosiyanasiyana yamagetsi amasiyana pamapangidwe ake, zofunikira za insulation, ndi zina.
Kuchokera pamawonekedwe a zipangizo zotetezera, kuwonjezera pa zingwe za XLPE ndi zingwe za pepala zamafuta zomwe tazitchula pamwambapa, palinso zingwe za rabara za ethylene-propylene. Zingwe zamapepala amafuta zakhala ndi mbiri yayitali, koma chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo kokonza ndi zifukwa zina, zimasinthidwa pang'onopang'ono ndi zingwe za XLPE. Chingwe cha rabara cha ethylene propylene chimakhala ndi kusinthasintha kwabwino komanso kukana kwa nyengo, ndipo ndichoyenera nthawi zina zapadera.
3. Njira yopangira chingwe chokwera kwambiri
Kupanga chingwe chokwera kwambiri ndi njira yovuta komanso yovuta.
Kupanga ma conductor choyamba kumafuna mkuwa kapena aluminiyamu zopangira kuti zitambasulidwe, zopindika ndi njira zina kuti zitsimikizire kulondola kwapang'onopang'ono komanso zida zamakina a kondakitala. Panthawi yokhotakhota, zingwe za zingwezo ziyenera kukonzedwa bwino kuti kondakitala aziyenda bwino.
The extrusion of the insulation layer ndi imodzi mwamasitepe ofunikira. Kwa wosanjikiza wa XLPE, zinthu za XLPE zimatulutsidwa pa kutentha kwakukulu ndikukulungidwa mofanana pa kondakitala. Pa ndondomeko extrusion, magawo monga kutentha, kuthamanga ndi extrusion liwiro ayenera mosamalitsa ankalamulira kuonetsetsa khalidwe ndi makulidwe ofanana ndi kutchinjiriza wosanjikiza.
Chotchinga chotchinga nthawi zambiri chimapangidwa ndi waya wazitsulo kapena kukulunga kwachitsulo. Njira zopangira zishango zamkati ndi zakunja ndizosiyana pang'ono, koma zonse ziyenera kuwonetsetsa kukhulupirika kwa wosanjikiza wotchinga ndi kulumikizana kwamagetsi kwabwino.
Potsirizira pake, kupanga chitetezo chotetezera kumaphatikizapo kuika zida zachitsulo ndi kutuluka kwa m'chimake chakunja. Zida zachitsulo ziyenera kukwanira mwamphamvu pa chingwe, ndipo kutuluka kwa chipolopolo chakunja kuyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti kuoneka bwino popanda zolakwika monga ming'alu ndi ming'alu.
4. Makhalidwe a machitidwe a zingwe zamphamvu kwambiri
Pankhani ya magwiridwe antchito amagetsi, zingwe zothamanga kwambiri zimafunika kukhala ndi kukana kwamphamvu kwambiri, kutayika kwa dielectric kochepa komanso kukana kwamagetsi. Kukaniza kwamphamvu kwambiri kumatha kuletsa kutayikira kwapano, kuchepa kwa dielectric kumachepetsa kutayika kwa mphamvu yamagetsi panthawi yotumizira, ndipo kukana kwamagetsi kwamagetsi kumatsimikizira kuti chingwecho chimatha kugwira ntchito motetezeka pamalo okwera kwambiri.
Pankhani yamakina, chingwechi chimayenera kukhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira zokhazikika, ma radius opindika komanso kukana kwamphamvu. Pakuyika ndi kugwira ntchito, chingwecho chikhoza kugwedezeka, kupindika ndi mphamvu yakunja. Ngati zida zamakina sizikwanira, ndizosavuta kuwononga chingwe.
Kuchita kwa kutentha ndi gawo lofunikanso. Chingwecho chidzatulutsa kutentha panthawi yogwira ntchito, makamaka pamene ikuyenda pansi pa katundu wambiri. Chifukwa chake, chingwechi chimayenera kukhala ndi kukana kwabwino kwa kutentha ndikutha kugwira ntchito moyenera mkati mwa kutentha kwina popanda mavuto monga kukalamba kwa insulation. Chingwe cha XLPE chimakhala ndi kukana kwabwino kwa kutentha ndipo chimatha kugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali pakatentha kwambiri.
5. Kuyika ndi kukonza zingwe zamphamvu kwambiri
Pankhani yoyika, chinthu choyamba kuchita ndikukonzekera njira yowonetsetsa kuti njira yoyika chingwe ndiyoyenera komanso yotetezeka. Panthawi yoyika, chisamaliro chiyenera kutengedwa kuti tipewe kutambasula kwambiri, kupindika ndi kutulutsa chingwe. Poyika chingwe chakutali, zida monga zotengera chingwe nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pothandizira kumanga.
Kupanga zingwe zolumikizira chingwe ndizofunikira kwambiri pakukhazikitsa. Ubwino wa mgwirizano umakhudza mwachindunji kudalirika kwa ntchito ya chingwe. Popanga zolumikizira, chingwecho chiyenera kuchotsedwa, kutsukidwa, kulumikizidwa ndi kutsekedwa. Gawo lirilonse liyenera kuchitidwa mosamalitsa malinga ndi zofunikira za ndondomekoyi kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti magetsi ndi makina ogwirizanitsa amakwaniritsa zofunikira.
Ntchito yokonza ndi yofunikira kuti pakhale nthawi yayitali yokhazikika ya zingwe zamphamvu kwambiri. Kuyang'ana pafupipafupi kumatha kuzindikira mwachangu ngati mawonekedwe a chingwe awonongeka kapena sheath yawonongeka. Nthawi yomweyo, zida zina zoyesera zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kuyesa kutsekereza komanso kutulutsa pang'ono kwa chingwe. Ngati mavuto apezeka, ayenera kukonzedwa kapena kusinthidwa munthawi yake.
6. Kulephera ndi kuzindikira zingwe zamphamvu kwambiri
Kulephera kofala kwa zingwe zamphamvu kwambiri kumaphatikizira kuwonongeka kwa insulation, kulumikizidwa kwa conductor, ndi kulephera kwamagulu. Kuwonongeka kwa insulation kungayambitsidwe ndi kukalamba kwa insulation, kutulutsa pang'ono, kapena kuchulukitsitsa kwakunja. Kutsekedwa kwa conductor nthawi zambiri kumachitika chifukwa cha mphamvu yakunja yamakina kapena kulemetsa kwanthawi yayitali. Kulephera kwa mgwirizano kungayambitsidwe ndi kusapangana bwino kwa mgwirizano kapena kutentha kwakukulu panthawi yogwira ntchito.
Kuti muzindikire zolakwika izi, pali njira zambiri zodziwira. Kuzindikira kutulutsa pang'ono ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Pozindikira chizindikiro chomwe chimapangidwa ndi kukhetsa pang'ono mu chingwe, zitha kudziwa ngati pali zolakwika zotchingira mkati mwa chingwe. Kuyesa kwamphamvu kwamagetsi kumatha kuzindikira mphamvu yamagetsi ya chingwe ndikupeza zovuta zomwe zingayambitse. Kuonjezera apo, teknoloji yojambula zithunzi za infuraredi imatha kuzindikira kutentha kwa kutentha pamwamba pa chingwe, kuti mudziwe ngati chingwecho chili ndi mavuto monga kutentha kwapafupi.
7.Application and development trend of high-voltage cables in power systems
M'makina amagetsi, zingwe zothamanga kwambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakusintha gululi yamagetsi, mizere yotuluka yamagetsi akulu, kutumiza zingwe zapansi pamadzi ndi magawo ena. M'magulu amagetsi a m'tawuni, chifukwa cha malo ochepa, kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe zapansi panthaka kumatha kusunga malo ndikuwongolera kukongola kwa mzindawo. Mizere yotuluka ya masiteshoni akuluakulu amafunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe zamphamvu kwambiri kuti zitumize magetsi kumalo akutali. Kutumiza kwa chingwe chapansi pamadzi kumatha kuzindikira kufalikira kwa mphamvu zapanyanja ndikupereka mphamvu zokhazikika kuzilumba ndi madera am'mphepete mwa nyanja.
Ndi chitukuko chosalekeza cha teknoloji yamagetsi, zingwe zothamanga kwambiri zawonetsanso zochitika zina zachitukuko. Chimodzi ndi kafukufuku ndi chitukuko ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe zokhala ndi ma voltage okwera kwambiri. Ndi kuchuluka kwa kufunikira kwa kutumizira magetsi mtunda wautali, kutukuka kwa zingwe zamagetsi okwera kwambiri kudzakhala kofunikira. Chachiwiri ndi luntha la zingwe. Mwa kuphatikiza masensa ndi zida zina mu chingwe, kuyang'anitsitsa nthawi yeniyeni ya momwe chingwecho chikugwirira ntchito ndi chenjezo la zolakwika zingatheke, potero kupititsa patsogolo kudalirika kwa chingwe. Chachitatu ndi chitukuko cha zingwe zachilengedwe. Pamene zofunikira za anthu pachitetezo cha chilengedwe zikuwonjezeka, kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha zipangizo zochepetsera zowonongeka, zowonongeka zidzakhala njira yachitukuko yamtsogolo.
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-24-2024