Mu machitidwe amakono amagetsi, zingwe zamagetsi amphamvu zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Kuyambira pa ma gridi amagetsi apansi panthaka m'mizinda mpaka mizere yotumizira mauthenga yakutali kudutsa mapiri ndi mitsinje, zingwe zamagetsi zamagetsi zimaonetsetsa kuti mphamvu zamagetsi zimatumizidwa bwino, mokhazikika komanso motetezeka. Nkhaniyi ifufuza mozama ukadaulo wosiyanasiyana wokhudzana ndi zingwe zamagetsi amphamvu, kuphatikizapo kapangidwe kake, magulu, njira zopangira, mawonekedwe a magwiridwe antchito, kukhazikitsa ndi kukonza.
1. Kapangidwe koyambira ka zingwe zamphamvu kwambiri
Zingwe zamagetsi amphamvu kwambiri zimapangidwa makamaka ndi ma conductor, zigawo zotetezera kutentha, zigawo zotetezera kutentha ndi zigawo zoteteza kutentha.
Kondakitala ndiye njira yotumizira magetsi ndipo nthawi zambiri imapangidwa ndi mkuwa kapena aluminiyamu. Mkuwa uli ndi mphamvu yoyendetsa bwino magetsi komanso mphamvu yoyendetsa magetsi, pomwe aluminiyamu ndi yotsika mtengo komanso yopepuka. Makondakitala amenewa nthawi zambiri amakhala ngati mawaya opindika amitundu yambiri kuti awonjezere kusinthasintha.
Chingwe choteteza kutentha ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la chingwe chamagetsi amphamvu, chomwe chimagwira ntchito yoletsa kutuluka kwa mphamvu yamagetsi ndikulekanitsa kondakitala ndi dziko lakunja. Zipangizo zoteteza kutentha zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizapo polyethylene yolumikizidwa (XLPE), pepala lamafuta, ndi zina zotero. XLPE ili ndi mphamvu zamagetsi zabwino kwambiri, kukana kutentha komanso mphamvu yamakina, ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu zingwe zamakono zamagetsi amphamvu.
Chigoba chotchingira chimagawidwa m'zigawo ziwiri: zotchingira zamkati ndi zakunja. Chigoba chamkati chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga magetsi ofanana ndikuletsa kutuluka kwa madzi m'deralo kuti asawononge chotchingira; chigoba chakunja chingachepetse kusokoneza kwa magetsi akunja pa chingwe, komanso kuletsa chingwecho kuti chisakhudze dziko lakunja.
Chitsulo chotetezachi chimateteza chingwecho kuti chisawonongeke ndi zinthu zakunja monga kuwonongeka kwa makina, dzimbiri la mankhwala ndi kulowa kwa madzi. Nthawi zambiri chimapangidwa ndi zitsulo ndi chivundikiro chakunja. Chitsulo chachitsulo chimapereka mphamvu ya makina, ndipo chivundikiro chakunja chimakhala ndi ntchito zosalowa madzi komanso zoletsa dzimbiri.
2. Gulu la zingwe zamagetsi amphamvu kwambiri
Malinga ndi mulingo wa magetsi, zingwe zamagetsi amphamvu zitha kugawidwa m'zingwe zamagetsi apakatikati (nthawi zambiri 3-35kV), zingwe zamagetsi amphamvu (35-110kV), zingwe zamagetsi amphamvu kwambiri (110-500kV) ndi zingwe zamagetsi amphamvu kwambiri (zoposa 500kV). Zingwe zamagetsi osiyanasiyana zimasiyana malinga ndi kapangidwe kake, zofunikira pakuteteza kutentha, ndi zina zotero.
Poganizira za zipangizo zotetezera kutentha, kuwonjezera pa zingwe za XLPE ndi zingwe za pepala la mafuta zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa, palinso zingwe za rabara za ethylene-propylene. Zingwe za pepala la mafuta zakhalapo kalekale, koma chifukwa cha ndalama zambiri zosamalira komanso zifukwa zina, pang'onopang'ono zasinthidwa ndi zingwe za XLPE. Chingwe cha rabara cha ethylene propylene chili ndi kusinthasintha kwabwino komanso kukana nyengo, ndipo ndi choyenera pazochitika zapadera.
3. Njira yopangira chingwe chamagetsi amphamvu kwambiri
Kupanga chingwe chamagetsi amphamvu ndi njira yovuta komanso yovuta.
Kupanga ma conductor choyamba kumafuna kuti zipangizo zopangira zamkuwa kapena aluminiyamu zitambasulidwe, zipotozedwe ndi njira zina kuti zitsimikizire kulondola kwa miyeso ndi mawonekedwe a makina a conductor. Panthawi yopotoza, zingwe za zingwe ziyenera kukonzedwa bwino kuti conductor azitha kuyendetsa bwino.
Kutulutsa kwa gawo loteteza kutentha ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri. Pa gawo loteteza kutentha la XLPE, zinthu za XLPE zimatulutsidwa kutentha kwambiri ndipo zimakulungidwa mofanana pa kondakitala. Panthawi yotulutsa kutentha, magawo monga kutentha, kuthamanga ndi liwiro la kutulutsa mpweya ayenera kulamulidwa mosamala kuti atsimikizire kuti gawo loteteza kutentha ndi lofanana ndi makulidwe ake.
Chitsulo chotchingira nthawi zambiri chimapangidwa ndi waya wachitsulo kapena tepi yachitsulo. Njira zopangira zishango zamkati ndi zakunja zimasiyana pang'ono, koma zonse ziwiri ziyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti chishango chotchingira chili bwino komanso kulumikizana bwino kwamagetsi.
Pomaliza, kupanga gawo loteteza kumaphatikizapo kuyika chishango chachitsulo ndi kutulutsa chishango chakunja. Chishango chachitsulo chiyenera kugwirizana bwino ndi chingwe, ndipo kutulutsa chishango chakunja kuyenera kuonetsetsa kuti chikuwoneka chosalala popanda zolakwika monga thovu ndi ming'alu.
4. Makhalidwe a zingwe zamagetsi amphamvu
Ponena za magwiridwe antchito amagetsi, zingwe zamagetsi zamagetsi ziyenera kukhala ndi kukana kwakukulu kwa kutenthetsa magetsi, kutayika kwa dielectric kochepa komanso kukana bwino kwa magetsi. Kukana kwakukulu kwa kutenthetsa magetsi kumatha kuletsa kutuluka kwa magetsi, kutayika kochepa kwa dielectric kumachepetsa kutayika kwa mphamvu zamagetsi panthawi yotumiza magetsi, ndipo kukana bwino kwa magetsi kumatsimikizira kuti chingwecho chimagwira ntchito bwino pamalo omwe ali ndi magetsi ambiri.
Ponena za makhalidwe a makina, chingwecho chiyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira zokoka, ma radius opindika komanso kukana kugwedezeka. Pa nthawi yoyika ndi kugwiritsa ntchito, chingwecho chikhoza kutambasulidwa, kupindika komanso kugwedezeka ndi mphamvu yakunja. Ngati makhalidwe a makinawo sali okwanira, n'zosavuta kuwononga chingwecho.
Kugwira ntchito kwa kutentha ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri. Chingwecho chimapanga kutentha nthawi yogwira ntchito, makamaka chikagwiritsidwa ntchito movutikira kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, chingwecho chiyenera kukhala ndi kukana kutentha bwino ndikutha kugwira ntchito bwino mkati mwa kutentha kwina popanda mavuto monga kukalamba kwa insulation. Chingwe cha XLPE chili ndi kukana kutentha bwino ndipo chimatha kugwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali kutentha kwambiri.
5. Kukhazikitsa ndi kusamalira zingwe zamagetsi amphamvu kwambiri
Ponena za kukhazikitsa, chinthu choyamba kuchita ndikukonza njira kuti muwonetsetse kuti njira yoyika chingwe ndi yoyenera komanso yotetezeka. Pakuyika chingwe, muyenera kusamala kuti musamatambasule kwambiri, kupindika ndi kutulutsa chingwecho. Pakuyika chingwe mtunda wautali, zida monga zonyamulira chingwe nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga.
Kupanga ma chingwe ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakupanga. Ubwino wa chingwecho umakhudza mwachindunji kudalirika kwa chingwecho. Popanga ma chingwecho, chingwecho chiyenera kuchotsedwa, kutsukidwa, kulumikizidwa ndi kutetezedwa. Gawo lililonse liyenera kuchitika motsatira zofunikira pakupanga kuti zitsimikizire kuti mphamvu zamagetsi ndi makina a chingwecho zikukwaniritsa zofunikira.
Ntchito yokonza ndi yofunika kwambiri kuti zingwe zamagetsi amphamvu zigwire ntchito bwino kwa nthawi yayitali. Kuyang'anitsitsa nthawi zonse kumatha kuzindikira mwachangu ngati mawonekedwe a chingwe awonongeka kapena ngati chivundikirocho chawonongeka. Nthawi yomweyo, zida zina zoyesera zingagwiritsidwenso ntchito kuyesa momwe kutenthetsera kutentha kumagwirira ntchito komanso kutulutsa pang'ono kwa chingwecho. Ngati papezeka mavuto, ayenera kukonzedwa kapena kusinthidwa pakapita nthawi.
6. Kulephera ndi kuzindikira zingwe zamagetsi amphamvu
Kulephera kwa zingwe zamagetsi amphamvu kwambiri kumaphatikizapo kusweka kwa kutchinjiriza, kuleka kwa kondakitala, ndi kulephera kwa mafupa. Kusweka kwa kutchinjiriza kumatha kuchitika chifukwa cha kukalamba kwa kutchinjiriza, kutulutsa pang'ono, kapena kupitirira kwa mphamvu yamagetsi yakunja. Kusweka kwa kondakitala nthawi zambiri kumachitika chifukwa cha mphamvu yakunja yamakina kapena kupitirira muyeso kwa nthawi yayitali. Kulephera kwa mafupa kumatha kuchitika chifukwa cha njira yolakwika yopangira mafupa kapena kutentha kwambiri panthawi yogwira ntchito.
Kuti tizindikire zolakwika izi, pali njira zambiri zodziwira. Kuzindikira kutulutsa pang'ono ndi njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Pozindikira chizindikiro chomwe chimapangidwa ndi kutulutsa pang'ono mu chingwe, zitha kudziwika ngati pali zolakwika mu insulation mkati mwa chingwe. Kuyesa kwa voltage yokhazikika kumatha kuzindikira mphamvu ya voltage yokhazikika ya chingwe ndikupeza mavuto omwe angakhalepo mu insulation. Kuphatikiza apo, ukadaulo wowonera kutentha kwa infrared ukhoza kuzindikira kufalikira kwa kutentha pamwamba pa chingwe, kuti udziwe ngati chingwecho chili ndi mavuto monga kutentha kwambiri m'deralo.
7. Kugwiritsa ntchito ndi chitukuko cha zingwe zamagetsi amphamvu kwambiri m'makina amphamvu
Mu makina amagetsi, zingwe zamagetsi amphamvu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakusintha ma gridi amagetsi a m'mizinda, mizere yotuluka ya malo akuluakulu opangira magetsi, kutumiza zingwe za pansi pamadzi ndi madera ena. Mu ma gridi amagetsi a m'mizinda, chifukwa cha malo ochepa, kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe zapansi panthaka kungasunge malo ndikukongoletsa mzinda. Mizere yotuluka ya malo akuluakulu opangira magetsi imafuna kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe zamagetsi amphamvu kuti zitumize magetsi ku malo akutali. Kutumiza zingwe zamagetsi za m'madzi kumatha kutumiza magetsi kudzera m'nyanja ndikupereka magetsi okhazikika kuzilumba ndi madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja.
Ndi chitukuko chopitilira cha ukadaulo wamagetsi, zingwe zamagetsi amphamvu zawonetsanso njira zina zopititsira patsogolo chitukuko. Chimodzi ndi kafukufuku ndi chitukuko ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe zokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri zamagetsi. Chifukwa cha kuwonjezeka kwa kufunikira kwa kutumiza mphamvu mtunda wautali, chitukuko cha zingwe zamagetsi amphamvu kwambiri chidzakhala chofunikira kwambiri. Chachiwiri ndi luntha la zingwe. Mwa kuphatikiza masensa ndi zida zina mu chingwe, kuyang'anira momwe chingwecho chikugwirira ntchito komanso chenjezo la zolakwika kungatheke nthawi yeniyeni, motero kukulitsa kudalirika kwa chingwecho. Chachitatu ndi chitukuko cha zingwe zoteteza chilengedwe. Pamene zofunikira za anthu zoteteza chilengedwe zikuchulukirachulukira, kafukufuku ndi chitukuko cha zipangizo za zingwe zochepetsedwa kuipitsa mpweya komanso zobwezerezedwanso zidzakhala njira yopititsira patsogolo chitukuko chamtsogolo.
Nthawi yotumizira: Sep-24-2024