Chidziwitso: Mfundo yolumikizirana, kugawa, kupanga, njira ndi zida za silane zolumikizira zinthu zolumikizirana ndi waya ndi chingwe zimafotokozedwa mwachidule, ndipo mawonekedwe ena a silane mwachilengedwe amalumikizidwa ndi polyethylene insulating zakuthupi pakugwiritsa ntchito ndikugwiritsa ntchito komanso zinthu zomwe zimakhudza momwe zimalumikizirana ndi zinthuzo zimayambitsidwa.
Keywords: Silane cross-linking; Kulumikizana kwachilengedwe; Polyethylene; Insulation; Waya ndi chingwe
Silane cross-linked polyethylene chingwe zinthu tsopano chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu waya ndi chingwe makampani monga insulating zinthu otsika-voteji zingwe mphamvu. The nkhani kupanga mtanda zogwirizana waya ndi chingwe, ndi peroxide kuwoloka ndi walitsa mtanda kulumikiza poyerekeza ndi zipangizo kupanga chofunika n'zosavuta, zosavuta ntchito, otsika mtengo mabuku ndi ubwino zina, wakhala zinthu kutsogolera kwa otsika-voteji mtanda zogwirizana chingwe ndi kutchinjiriza.
1.Silane mtanda-zolumikizana chingwe zinthu mtanda kulumikiza mfundo
Pali njira ziwiri zazikulu zomwe zimakhudzidwa popanga silane yolumikizana ndi polyethylene: kulumikiza ndi kulumikiza. Mu ndondomeko Ankalumikiza, polima amataya H-atomu pa tertiary carbon atomu pansi pa zochita za free Initiator ndi pyrolysis mu free ankafuna kusintha zinthu mopitirira, amene amachita ndi - CH = CH2 gulu la vinilu silane kupanga kumtengowo polima munali trioxysilyl ester gulu. Mu njira yolumikizira mtanda, polima yomezanitsa imayamba kupangidwa ndi hydrolyzed pamaso pamadzi kuti ipange silanol, ndipo - OH imalumikizana ndi gulu loyandikana la Si-OH kuti lipange mgwirizano wa Si-O-Si, motero kulumikiza ma macromolecules a polima.
2.Silane chingwe cholumikizira chingwe ndi njira yake yopanga chingwe
Monga mukudziwira, pali njira ziwiri zopangira zingwe za silane ndi zingwe zawo. Kusiyanitsa pakati pa njira ziwiri ndi njira imodzi kumakhala komwe ndondomeko ya kulumikiza silane ikuchitika, ndondomeko ya kulumikiza pazitsulo zopangira chingwe pa njira ziwiri, ndondomeko yolumikizira muzitsulo zopangira chingwe pa njira imodzi. The masitepe awiri silane mtanda cholumikizira polyethylene insulating zakuthupi ndi gawo lalikulu msika wapangidwa ndi otchedwa A ndi B zipangizo, ndi A kukhala polyethylene kumtengowo silane ndi B zinthu kukhala chothandizira mbuye mtanda. Pakatikati pa insulating imalumikizidwa ndi madzi otentha kapena nthunzi.
Palinso mtundu wina wa masitepe awiri silane mtanda zogwirizana polyethylene insulator, kumene zinthu A amapangidwa m'njira yosiyana, poyambitsa vinilu silane mwachindunji polyethylene pa kaphatikizidwe kupeza polyethylene ndi silane nthambi unyolo.
Njira imodzi ilinso ndi mitundu iwiri, ndondomeko ya chikhalidwe chimodzi ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zopangira malinga ndi chilinganizo mu chiŵerengero cha dongosolo lapadera la metering, mu extruder yapadera yopangidwa mwapadera mu sitepe imodzi kuti amalize kulumikiza ndi kutulutsa chingwe chotchinjiriza pachimake, pochita izi, palibe granulation, palibe chifukwa cha kutenga nawo mbali kwa chingwe, ndi fakitale ya chingwe kuti amalize yekha. Zida zopangira chingwe cha silane zolumikizana ndi gawo limodzi ndiukadaulo wamapangidwe zimatumizidwa kuchokera kunja ndipo ndizokwera mtengo.
Mtundu wina wa sitepe imodzi silane mtanda zogwirizana polyethylene kutchinjiriza zakuthupi amapangidwa ndi opanga chingwe chuma, ndi zipangizo zonse molingana chilinganizo mu chiŵerengero cha njira yapadera kusakaniza pamodzi, mmatumba ndi kugulitsidwa, palibe A zinthu ndi B zakuthupi, chingwe chomera akhoza mwachindunji mu extruder kumaliza sitepe nthawi yomweyo Ankalumikiza ndi extrusion wa chingwe kutchinjiriza pachimake. Mbali yapadera ya njira imeneyi ndi kuti palibe chifukwa mtengo extruders wapadera mtengo, monga ndondomeko Ankalumikiza silane akhoza anamaliza wamba PVC extruder, ndi njira ziwiri amachotsa kufunika kusakaniza A ndi B zipangizo pamaso extrusion.
3. Kapangidwe kake
Mapangidwe a silane cross-linked polyethylene cable material nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi base material resin, initiator, silane, antioxidant, polymerization inhibitor, catalyst, etc.
(1) The utomoni m'munsi zambiri otsika kachulukidwe polyethylene (LDPE) utomoni ndi kusungunula index (MI) wa 2, koma posachedwapa, ndi chitukuko cha kupanga utomoni luso ndi mavuto mtengo, liniya low kachulukidwe polyethylene (LLDPE) nayenso ntchito kapena pang'ono ntchito monga m'munsi utomoni wa zinthu zimenezi. Ma resins osiyanasiyana nthawi zambiri amakhudza kwambiri kumezanitsa ndi kulumikizana chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa mawonekedwe awo amkati a macromolecular, kotero mapangidwewo adzasinthidwa pogwiritsa ntchito utomoni wosiyanasiyana kapena mtundu womwewo wa utomoni kuchokera kwa opanga osiyanasiyana.
(2) Woyambitsa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi diisopropyl peroxide (DCP), chinsinsi ndikumvetsetsa kuchuluka kwa vutolo, pang'ono kwambiri kuti apangitse silane kulumikiza sikokwanira; kwambiri chifukwa polyethylene mtanda yolumikizira, amene amachepetsa ake fluidity, pamwamba pa extruded kutchinjiriza pachimake akhakula, zovuta Finyani dongosolo. Popeza kuchuluka kwa zoyambitsa zomwe zawonjezeredwa ndizochepa kwambiri komanso zovutirapo, ndikofunikira kuti mumwaze mofanana, kotero nthawi zambiri amawonjezeredwa pamodzi ndi silane.
(3) Silane nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito vinyl unsaturated silane, kuphatikizapo vinyl trimethoxysilane (A2171) ndi vinyl triethoxysilane (A2151), chifukwa chachangu hydrolysis mlingo wa A2171, kotero kusankha A2171 anthu ambiri. Mofananamo, pali vuto la kuwonjezera silane, opanga zipangizo zamakono zamakono akuyesera kukwaniritsa malire ake otsika kuti achepetse ndalama, chifukwa silane imatumizidwa kunja, mtengo wake ndi wokwera mtengo kwambiri.
(4) Anti-oxidant ndi kuonetsetsa bata la polyethylene processing ndi chingwe odana ndi ukalamba ndipo anawonjezera, odana ndi okosijeni mu ndondomeko silane Ankalumikiza ali ndi udindo woletsa anachita Ankalumikiza, kotero ndondomeko Ankalumikiza, Kuwonjezera odana ndi okosijeni kusamala, kuchuluka anawonjezera kuganizira kuchuluka kwa DCP kuti zigwirizane ndi kusankha. Munjira ziwiri zolumikizirana, ma antioxidant ambiri amatha kuwonjezeredwa mugulu la catalyst master batch, zomwe zitha kuchepetsa kukhudzidwa kwa njira yolumikizira. Mu njira imodzi yolumikizirana, antioxidant ilipo munjira yonse yolumikizira, kotero kusankha kwa mitundu ndi kuchuluka kwake ndikofunikira kwambiri. Ma antioxidants omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi 1010, 168, 330, etc.
(5) Polymerization choletsa ndi anawonjezera kuti ziletsa zina Ankalumikiza ndi mtanda kulumikiza ndondomeko ya mbali zimachitikira, mu Ankalumikiza ndondomeko kuwonjezera odana ndi mtanda-kugwirizana wothandizila, angathe kuchepetsa zochitika za C2C mtanda kulumikiza, potero kuwongolera processing fluidity, kuwonjezera, Kuwonjezera pa kumezanitsa mu zinthu zomwezo adzakhala patsogolo pa hydromerization ya hydromerization ndi hydromerization. hydrolysis wa kumtengowo polyethylene, kusintha kwa nthawi yaitali bata la kumezanitsa zakuthupi.
(6) Zothandizira nthawi zambiri zimakhala zochokera ku organotin (kupatula kuphatikizika kwachilengedwe), chodziwika kwambiri ndi dibutyltin dilaurate (DBDTL), yomwe nthawi zambiri imawonjezedwa mu mawonekedwe a masterbatch. Munjira ziwiri, kumezanitsa (A zinthu) ndi chothandizira master batch (B zakuthupi) zimayikidwa padera ndipo zida za A ndi B zimasakanizidwa pamodzi zisanawonjezedwe ku extruder kuti zipewe kuphatikizika kwa zinthu A. Pankhani ya sitepe imodzi ya silane yolumikizana ndi polyethylene insulations, polyethylene mu phukusi sichinamezedwe, kotero palibe vuto logwirizanitsa chisanadze ndipo chifukwa chake chothandizira sichiyenera kuikidwa padera.
Kuphatikiza apo, pali masilane ophatikizika omwe amapezeka pamsika, omwe ndi ophatikizika a silane, initiator, antioxidant, mafuta ena opangira mafuta ndi anti-copper agents, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito munjira imodzi yolumikizira silane m'mafakitale a chingwe.
Choncho, chiphunzitso cha silane mtanda zogwirizana polyethylene kutchinjiriza, zikuchokera amene si ankaona kuti ndi zovuta kwambiri ndipo likupezeka mu mfundo zoyenera, koma formulations yoyenera kupanga, malinga ndi kusintha zina kuti amalize, zomwe zimafuna kumvetsa bwino za udindo wa zigawo zikuluzikulu mu chiphunzitso ndi lamulo la mmene amakhudzira ntchito ndi chikoka chawo onse awiri.
Mu mitundu yambiri ya zipangizo chingwe, silane mtanda zogwirizana chingwe zipangizo (kaya masitepe awiri kapena sitepe imodzi) amaonedwa kuti ndi mitundu yokhayo njira mankhwala zikuchitika extrusion, mitundu ina monga polyvinyl kolorayidi (PVC) chingwe zinthu ndi polyethylene (PE) chingwe zinthu, ndi extrusion granulation ndondomeko thupi kusanganikirana ndondomeko, ngakhale ngati chingwe cholumikizira chingwe cholumikizira chingwe cholumikizira ndi cholumikizira chingwe cholumikizira ndi chingwe cholumikizira. ndondomeko, kapena extrusion dongosolo Chingwe, palibe ndondomeko mankhwala zimachitika, kotero, poyerekeza, kupanga silane mtanda zogwirizana chingwe zinthu ndi chingwe kutchinjiriza extrusion, ndondomeko ulamuliro n'kofunika kwambiri.
4. Njira ziwiri zopangira silane zolumikizana ndi polyethylene kutchinjiriza
Kapangidwe ka masitepe awiri a silane olumikizana ndi polyethylene Insulation A zinthu zitha kuyimiridwa mwachidule ndi Chithunzi 1.
Chithunzi 1 Njira yopangira masitepe awiri a silane olumikizidwa ndi polyethylene insulating material A
Mfundo zazikuluzikulu popanga masitepe awiri a silane olumikizidwa ndi polyethylene:
(1) Kuyanika. Monga utomoni wa polyethylene uli ndi madzi pang'ono, pamene amatuluka pa kutentha kwakukulu, madzi amachitira mofulumira ndi magulu a silyl kuti apange kugwirizanitsa, zomwe zimachepetsa kusungunuka kwa madzi osungunula ndi kutulutsa zisanachitike. Zinthu zomalizidwazo zimakhalanso ndi madzi pambuyo pa kuziziritsa kwa madzi, zomwe zingayambitsenso kuphatikizika ngati sizikuchotsedwa, komanso ziyenera kuuma. Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti kuyanika bwino, kuyanika kwakuya kumagwiritsidwa ntchito.
(2) Kuyeza mita. Popeza kulondola kwa kapangidwe kazinthu ndikofunikira, sikelo yoyezera kuonda yochokera kunja imagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri. The polyethylene utomoni ndi antioxidant amayezedwa ndi kudyetsedwa kudzera doko chakudya cha extruder, pamene silane ndi initiator ndi jekeseni ndi mpope zinthu zamadzimadzi mu mbiya yachiwiri kapena yachitatu ya extruder.
(3) Kumezanitsa ma extrusion. Kulumikiza kwa silane kumatsirizidwa mu extruder. The ndondomeko zoikamo wa extruder, kuphatikizapo kutentha, wononga kuphatikiza, wononga liwiro ndi mlingo chakudya, ayenera kutsatira mfundo yakuti zinthu mu gawo loyamba la extruder akhoza kusungunuka mokwanira ndi kusakaniza uniformly, pamene kuwonongeka msanga wa peroxide si anafuna, ndi kuti zinthu yunifolomu mu gawo lachiwiri la extruder ayenera kuwonongeka kwathunthu ndi ndondomeko Ankalumikiza anamaliza, Chitsanzo mu tabler 1 chigawo extruder.
Table 1 Kutentha kwa magawo awiri a extruder
| Zone yogwirira ntchito | Zone 1 | Zone 2 | Zone 3 ① | Zone 4 | Zone 5 |
| Kutentha kwa P °C | 140 | 145 | 120 | 160 | 170 |
| Zone yogwirira ntchito | Zone 6 | Zone 7 | Zone 8 | Zone 9 | Mkamwa kufa |
| Kutentha °C | 180 | 190 | 195 | 205 | 195 |
① ndi pamene silane amawonjezeredwa.
Liwiro la extruder wononga chimatsimikizira zogona nthawi ndi kusanganikirana zotsatira za zinthu extruder, ngati nyumba nthawi yochepa, ndi kuwonongeka peroxide ndi chosakwanira; ngati nthawi yokhalamo ndi yaitali kwambiri, mamasukidwe akayendedwe a zinthu extruded ukuwonjezeka. Ambiri, pafupifupi zogona nthawi ya granule mu extruder ayenera kulamulidwa mu oyambitsa kuvunda theka la moyo wa 5-10 zina. Kudyetsa liwiro osati kumakhudza zina pa nthawi yogona zinthu, komanso pa kusakaniza ndi kumeta ubweya wa zinthu, kusankha yoyenera kudya liwiro n'kofunika kwambiri.
(4) Kupaka. Zinthu zoyatsira masitepe ziwiri za silane ziyenera kupakidwa m'matumba a aluminiyamu-pulasitiki opangidwa ndi mpweya wolunjika kuti chinyontho chichotsedwe.
5. One sitepe silane mtanda zogwirizana polyethylene insulating zinthu kupanga ndondomeko
sitepe imodzi silane mtanda zogwirizana polyethylene kutchinjiriza zakuthupi chifukwa ndondomeko Ankalumikiza ali mu chingwe fakitale extrusion wa chingwe kutchinjiriza pachimake, kotero chingwe kutchinjiriza extrusion kutentha ndi apamwamba kwambiri kuposa njira ziwiri. Ngakhale sitepe imodzi silane mtanda zogwirizana polyethylene kutchinjiriza chilinganizo wakhala mokwanira ankaona mu kubalalitsidwa mofulumira wa kuyambitsa ndi silane ndi kukameta ubweya wa zinthu, koma ndondomeko Ankalumikiza ayenera kutsimikiziridwa ndi kutentha, umene ndi sitepe imodzi silane mtanda zogwirizana polyethylene kutchinjiriza chomera kupanga mobwerezabwereza anatsindika kufunika kwa kusankha olondola kutentha extrusion, ambiri analimbikitsa extrusion kutentha 2.
Tebulo 2 Kutentha kwa gawo limodzi la gawo lililonse (gawo: ℃)
| Zone | Zone 1 | Zone 2 | Zone 3 | Zone 4 | Flange | Mutu |
| Kutentha | 160 | 190 | 200-210 | 220-230 | 230 | 230 |
Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa zofooka za sitepe imodzi silane mtanda zogwirizana polyethylene ndondomeko, amene zambiri si chofunika pamene extruding zingwe masitepe awiri.
6.Zida zopangira
Zida zopangira ndi chitsimikizo chofunikira chowongolera njira. Kupanga zingwe zolumikizana ndi silane kumafuna kulondola kwambiri kowongolera njira, kotero kusankha zida zopangira ndikofunikira kwambiri.
Kupanga awiri masitepe silane mtanda zogwirizana polyethylene kutchinjiriza zakuthupi A zipangizo kupanga zinthu, panopa kwambiri zoweta isotropic kufanana amapasa screw extruder ndi kunja kulemera kulemera, zipangizo zimenezi akhoza kukwaniritsa zofunika ndondomeko kulamulira molondola, kusankha kutalika ndi m'mimba mwake wa amapasa-screw extruder kuonetsetsa kuti zinthu zogona nthawi, kusankha wolemera zosakaniza kuonetsetsa kuti zosakaniza kunja kulemera. Zoonadi pali zambiri za zipangizo zomwe ziyenera kuperekedwa chisamaliro chonse.
Monga tanena kale, sitepe imodzi silane mtanda ogwirizana zipangizo kupanga chingwe mu chomera chingwe ndi kunja, okwera mtengo, opanga zipangizo zoweta alibe zofanana kupanga zipangizo, chifukwa ndi kupanda mgwirizano pakati pa opanga zida ndi chilinganizo ndi ndondomeko ofufuza.
7.Silane zachilengedwe zolumikizidwa ndi polyethylene kutchinjiriza zakuthupi
Silane zachilengedwe zomangira zotchingira za polyethylene zomwe zidapangidwa m'zaka zaposachedwa zimatha kulumikizidwa m'malo achilengedwe m'masiku ochepa, popanda kumiza kapena kumiza m'madzi ofunda. Poyerekeza ndi njira yachikhalidwe yolumikizira silane, nkhaniyi imatha kuchepetsa kupanga kwa opanga zingwe, kuchepetsanso ndalama zopangira ndikuwonjezera kupanga. Silane mwachilengedwe yolumikizidwa ndi polyethylene insulation imadziwika kwambiri ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi opanga zingwe.
M'zaka zaposachedwa, kusungunula kwa silane zachilengedwe zolumikizidwa ndi polyethylene zakula ndipo zapangidwa mochulukirapo, ndi zabwino zina pamtengo poyerekeza ndi zida zomwe zatumizidwa kunja.
7. 1 Malingaliro opanga ma silane mwachilengedwe olumikizana ndi polyethylene insulations
Silane zachilengedwe zomangira polyethylene zophatikizika zimapangidwa munjira ziwiri, zomwe zimakhala ndi utomoni woyambira, woyambitsa, silane, antioxidant, polymerisation inhibitor ndi chothandizira. The kupanga silane zachilengedwe mtanda zogwirizana polyethylene insulators zachokera kuwonjezeka silane Ankalumikiza mlingo wa zinthu A ndi kusankha imayenera chothandizira kuposa silane madzi ofunda mtanda zogwirizana polyethylene insulators. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa zipangizo za A zokhala ndi mlingo wapamwamba wa silane wophatikizana pamodzi ndi chothandizira chothandizira kwambiri kudzathandiza kuti silane yolumikizana ndi polyethylene insulator iwoloke mofulumira ngakhale pa kutentha kochepa komanso ndi chinyezi chosakwanira.
The A-zida za kunja silane mwachibadwa mtanda zogwirizana polyethylene insulators ndi apanga ndi copolymerization, kumene silane okhutira akhoza kulamulidwa pa mlingo wapamwamba, pamene kupanga A-zida ndi mkulu Ankalumikiza mitengo mwa Ankalumikiza silane ndi zovuta. Utoto woyambira, woyambitsa ndi silane womwe umagwiritsidwa ntchito mu recipe uyenera kukhala wosiyanasiyana ndi kusinthidwa malinga ndi kusiyanasiyana ndi kuwonjezera.
Kusankhidwa kwa kukana ndi kusintha kwa mlingo wake kulinso kofunika, chifukwa kuwonjezeka kwa mlingo wa kulumikiza kwa silane mosakayikira kumabweretsa zotsatira zambiri za CC crosslinking mbali. Pofuna kukonza fluidity processing ndi pamwamba chikhalidwe cha A zinthu wotsatira chingwe extrusion, mlingo woyenera wa polymerization inhibitor chofunika kuti bwino ziletsa CC crosslinking ndi chisanadze crosslinking.
Kuphatikiza apo, zowongolera zimagwira ntchito yofunikira pakukulitsa kuchuluka kwapang'onopang'ono ndipo ziyenera kusankhidwa ngati zothandizira zokhala ndi zinthu zopanda zitsulo zopanda kusintha.
7. 2 Crosslinking nthawi ya silane mwachibadwa crosslinked polyethylene insulations
Nthawi yofunikira kuti amalize kulumikizana kwa silane zachilengedwe zolumikizidwa ndi polyethylene m'malo ake achilengedwe zimatengera kutentha, chinyezi komanso makulidwe a wosanjikiza. Kukwera kwa kutentha ndi chinyezi, kumachepetsa kukhuthala kwa chotchingira, kufupikitsa nthawi yolumikizirana yomwe ikufunika, komanso kutalika kosiyana. Monga momwe kutentha ndi chinyezi zimasiyanasiyana kudera ndi dera komanso nyengo ndi nyengo, ngakhale pamalo amodzi komanso panthawi imodzimodzi, kutentha ndi chinyezi lero ndi mawa zidzakhala zosiyana. Choncho, pogwiritsira ntchito zinthuzo, wogwiritsa ntchitoyo ayenera kudziwa nthawi yolumikizirana pamtanda malinga ndi kutentha kwapafupi komanso komwe kulipo komanso chinyezi, komanso ndondomeko ya chingwe ndi makulidwe a wosanjikiza.
Nthawi yotumiza: Aug-13-2022