Ndi chitukuko cha nzeru mumakampani otumiza katundu padziko lonse lapansi, zingwe za mabasi am'madzi zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakulankhulana kwa deta ya sitima ndi machitidwe odziyimira pawokha. Zimalumikiza masensa, owongolera, ndi ma actuator mkati mwa zombo, kuthandizira ntchito monga kulamulira zokha, kuyang'anira kutali, ndi kasamalidwe ka mphamvu moyenera.
Kuti azitha kusinthana ndi malo ovuta a m'nyanja omwe amadziwika ndi kupopera mchere wambiri, chinyezi chambiri, komanso kusokoneza kwamphamvu kwa ma elekitiromagineti, zingwe za basi la m'madzi zimagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zapadera komanso mapangidwe apadera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisamawonongeke ndi dzimbiri, zisamayatse moto, zimagwira ntchito bwino popanda utsi wambiri, komanso chitetezo chabwino cha EMI kuti zitsimikizire kuti zikugwira ntchito bwino kwa nthawi yayitali. Nkhaniyi ikuyang'ana kwambiri kapangidwe ka zingwe za basi la m'madzi.
Chidule cha Kapangidwe Koyambira
1. Wotsogolera
Zingwe za basi la m'madzi nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito ma conductor a mkuwa okhazikika. Ma conductor okhazikika amatsimikizira kuti magetsi amagwira ntchito bwino komanso kuti makina azikhala nthawi yayitali pamene akuthandiza kuyika. Poyerekeza ndi ma conductor a mkuwa opanda kanthu, ma conductor a mkuwa okhazikika amapereka mphamvu yolimbana ndi dzimbiri la salt spray.
Kugwiritsa ntchito ma conductor a mkuwa otsekedwa kumathandiza kukonza mavuto monga kuchepetsa kutentha kwambiri, kutopa kopindika, dzimbiri la salt spray, kufooka kwa kutentha kochepa, komanso malo ochepa oyika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zoyenera kwambiri kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe za basi.
2. Kuteteza kutentha
Polyethylene yopangidwa ndi thovu (Foam-PE)nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zinthu zotetezera zingwe za basi la m'madzi. Kuteteza kwa polyethylene yokhala ndi thovu kumachepetsa bwino dielectric constant, motero kumachepetsa kuchepa kwa chizindikiro, komanso kumapereka mphamvu yoletsa madzi kwa nthawi yayitali. Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito Foam-PE kumathandiza kuchepetsa kulemera kwa chingwe, zomwe zimathandiza kuchepetsa kulemera kwa mitsempha yonse.
3. Kuteteza
Kapangidwe ka chitetezo cha zingwe za basi la m'madzi ndi kofanana ndi zingwe za netiweki ya m'madzi ndipo nthawi zambiri zimakhala nditepi ya aluminiyamu yokutidwa ndi pulasitikikuphatikiza ndi waya woluka wa mkuwa wopangidwa ndi zitini. Chotchingiracho chapangidwa kuti chilepheretse kusokoneza kwa maginito ndikuwonetsetsa kuti chizindikirocho chikuyenda bwino.
Kawirikawiri, makulidwe a pepala la aluminiyamu ndi ≥ 0.012 mm yokhala ndi chivundikiro cha 100%, pomwe chivundikiro cha mkuwa chopangidwa ndi zitini nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsa ntchito mawaya amodzi a 0.12 mm, ndipo chivundikiro cha chivundikirocho sichichepera 60%.
Nthawi zambiri, zingwe za basi la m'madzi zimakhala ndi kapangidwe ka chitetezo chawiri chopangidwa ndi tepi ya aluminiyamu yokutidwa ndi pulasitiki komanso nsalu yamkuwa yopangidwa ndi chitini. Chitetezo chophatikizanachi chingathandize kuti chitetezo chigwire bwino ntchito kufika pa 70–90 dB pa 30 MHz.
Kuphatikiza apo, waya wothira madzi wamkuwa wolimba kapena wotsekedwa nthawi zambiri umaphatikizidwa kuti upereke nthaka yowonjezera.
4. Chigoba
Chigobacho chimateteza chingwecho ku zinthu zakunja zomwe zingawononge chilengedwe. Monga njira yoyamba yodzitetezera, zinthu za chigoba cha zingwe za basi la m'madzi ziyenera kukhala zolimbana ndi dzimbiri, kusweka, ndi kufalikira kwa malawi kuti zitsimikizire kudalirika komanso chitetezo m'malo ovuta.
Pofuna kulimbitsa chitetezo cha machitidwe olumikizirana ndi sitima, zingwe za basi za m'madzi nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo za polyolefin (LSZH-SHF1) zopanda utsi wambiri. Zipangizozi sizitulutsa utsi woopsa panthawi yoyaka ndipo zimagwirizana ndi IEC 60332-1 single-cable flame retardancy, IEC 60332-3-22 bundled flame retardancy, komanso IEC 60754-1/2 ndi IEC 61034-1/2 zopanda utsi wambiri. Izi sizimangochepetsa zoopsa pa chitetezo cha ogwira ntchito pakagwa moto komanso zimachepetsa kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe.
M'mapulatifomu a m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi ntchito zina zofanana, zingwe za basi la m'madzi zingafunikenso kuti ziwonetse kukana mafuta ndi matope. M'mikhalidwe yotereyi, zipangizo za LSZH-SHF2 zomwe zimakhala ndi kukana mafuta kwambiri, kapena zipangizo za LSZH-SHF2-MUD zomwe zimakhala ndi kukana matope kwambiri, zimasankhidwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito pa chidebecho.
5. Kapangidwe Kapadera
Munthawi yachizolowezi, kapangidwe ka chingwe cha basi lamadzi chomwe chimakhala ndi kondakitala, choteteza, choteteza, ndi chivundikiro ndi chokwanira pa ntchito zambiri zapamadzi. Ngati zofunikira pakugwira ntchito bwino ziperekedwa, kapangidwe ka chingwe kakhoza kusinthidwa moyenerera.
Mwachitsanzo, mu ntchito zomwe zimafuna chitetezo chowonjezera cha makina, gawo la zida lingawonjezedwe, pamodzi ndi chigoba chakunja chowonjezera kuti apange kapangidwe ka zida zodzitetezera kokhala ndi chigoba chachiwiri. Gawo la zida nthawi zambiri limapangidwa ndi waya wolukidwa ndi chitsulo, zomwe zimawonjezera mphamvu ya makina ndikuteteza chingwe kuti chisawonongeke m'malo ovuta.
Pamene zingwe za basi lamadzi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi moto, tepi ya mica imayikidwa pamwamba pa chotenthetsera kuti ikwaniritse miyezo ya IEC 60331 yolimbana ndi moto komanso zofunikira zobwerera ku doko motetezeka.
Mapeto
Kapangidwe ka kapangidwe kake ndi kusankha zinthu za zingwe za basi la m'madzi ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri zomwe zimathandiza kutumiza mauthenga okhazikika komanso odalirika m'malo ovuta a m'nyanja. Kaya ndi ma conductor a mkuwa okhala ndi zitini, polyethylene yotenthetsera thovu, kapena zipolopolo zoletsa moto zopanda utsi wambiri, mapangidwe a kapangidwe kake awa asinthidwa kwambiri.
Kapangidwe ka zingwe zokonzedwa bwino kamatsimikizira kuti zingwe za basi la m'madzi zikugwira ntchito mosalekeza komanso modalirika m'malo am'madzi momwe kutentha kwambiri, dzimbiri la mchere, komanso kusokonezeka kwamphamvu kwa maginito kumayenderana.
Nthawi yotumizira: Januwale-21-2026