1. Mawu Oyamba
Chingwe choyankhulirana pakufalitsa ma siginecha apamwamba kwambiri, ma conductor azitulutsa khungu, ndipo pakuwonjezeka kwa ma frequency a chizindikiro chopatsirana, zotsatira za khungu zimakhala zovuta kwambiri. Zomwe zimatchedwa khungu zimatanthawuza kufalikira kwa zizindikiro pamtunda wakunja kwa woyendetsa mkati ndi mkati mwa woyendetsa kunja kwa chingwe cha coaxial pamene mafupipafupi a chizindikiro chopatsirana amafika kilohertz kapena makumi zikwi za hertz.
Makamaka, ndi mtengo wapadziko lonse lapansi wamkuwa ukukulirakulira ndi zinthu zamkuwa m'chilengedwe ukukulirakulirabe, kotero kugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zovala zamkuwa kapena waya wa aluminiyamu m'malo mwa okonda zamkuwa, zakhala ntchito yofunika kwambiri kwa waya ndi makampani opanga chingwe, komanso chifukwa cha kukwezedwa kwake ndikugwiritsa ntchito msika waukulu.
Koma waya plating mkuwa, chifukwa chisanadze mankhwala, chisanadze plating faifi tambala ndi njira zina, komanso mmene plating njira, zosavuta kutulutsa zotsatirazi mavuto ndi zolakwika: waya blackening, chisanadze plating si zabwino. , chachikulu plating wosanjikiza pakhungu, chifukwa kupanga zinyalala waya, zinyalala zakuthupi, kuti katundu kupanga ndalama kuchuluka. Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuonetsetsa kuti zokutira zili bwino. Pepalali makamaka limafotokoza ndondomeko mfundo ndi ndondomeko kupanga mkuwa atavala zitsulo waya ndi electroplating, komanso zomwe zimayambitsa mavuto khalidwe ndi njira zothetsera. 1 Copper-clad steel plating process ndi zomwe zimayambitsa
1. 1 Kuchiza kwa waya
Choyamba, waya kumizidwa mu njira zamchere ndi pickling, ndi voteji wina umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa waya (anode) ndi mbale (cathode), anode precipitates kuchuluka kwa mpweya. Udindo waukulu wa mpweya ndi: mmodzi, thovu zachiwawa padziko waya zitsulo ndi electrolyte yake yapafupi amasewera mawotchi mukubwadamuka ndi kuvula kwenikweni, motero kulimbikitsa mafuta padziko waya zitsulo, imathandizira saponification ndi emulsification ndondomeko ya. mafuta ndi mafuta; chachiwiri, chifukwa cha ting'onoting'ono ting'onoting'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'onoting'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'ono tating'onoting'ono timalumikizidwa ndi mawonekedwe pakati pa chitsulo ndi yankho, ndi thovu ndi waya wachitsulo kunja, thovulo limakhala limamatira ku waya wachitsulo wokhala ndi mafuta ambiri pamwamba pa yankho. The thovu kubweretsa zambiri mafuta kutsatira waya zitsulo pamwamba pa yankho, motero kulimbikitsa kuchotsa mafuta, ndipo nthawi yomweyo, si kophweka kutulutsa wa hydrogen embrittlement wa anode, kuti wabwino. plating angapezeke.
1. 2 Kupaka waya
Choyamba, wayayo amachiritsidwa kale ndikuyikidwa kale ndi faifi tambala pomizidwa mu njira yopangira plating ndikugwiritsa ntchito magetsi ena pawaya (cathode) ndi mbale yamkuwa (anode). Pa anode, mbale yamkuwa imataya ma elekitironi ndikupanga ayoni amkuwa aulere mu bafa la electrolytic (plating):
Ku – 2e→Ku2+
Pa cathode, waya wachitsulo amapangidwanso ndi electrolytically ndipo ma ion a mkuwa a divalent amaikidwa pa waya kuti apange waya wachitsulo wovala mkuwa:
Ku2 + + 2e→ Ku
Cu2 + + e→ Ku +
Ku + + e→ Ku
2H + + 2e→ H2
Ngati kuchuluka kwa asidi mu plating solution sikukwanira, cuprous sulphate imapangidwa mosavuta ndi hydrolyzed kupanga cuprous oxide. The cuprous oxide imatsekeredwa mu plating layer, ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yotayirira. Cu2 SO4 + H2O [Cu2O + H2 SO4
I. Zigawo Zofunikira
Zingwe zakunja zakunja nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi ulusi wopanda kanthu, chubu lotayirira, zinthu zotsekereza madzi, zolimbitsa thupi, ndi m'chimake chakunja. Amabwera m'magulu osiyanasiyana monga mapangidwe apakati a chubu, stranding stranding, ndi skeleton structure.
Ulusi wopanda kanthu umatanthawuza ulusi woyambira wowoneka bwino wokhala ndi mainchesi 250. Kawirikawiri amaphatikizapo core layer, cladding layer, ndi coating layer. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ulusi wopanda kanthu imakhala ndi makulidwe osiyanasiyana apakati. Mwachitsanzo, ma single-mode OS2 fibers nthawi zambiri amakhala ma micrometer 9, pomwe ma multimode OM2 / OM3 / OM4 / OM5 ulusi ndi 50 ma micrometer, ndi ma multimode OM1 ulusi ndi 62.5 ma micrometer. Ulusi wopanda kanthu nthawi zambiri umakhala wamitundu yosiyanasiyana kuti usiyanitse ulusi wamitundu yambiri.
Machubu otayirira nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ndi pulasitiki yamphamvu kwambiri ya PBT ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kutengera ulusi wopanda kanthu. Amapereka chitetezo ndipo amadzazidwa ndi gel oletsa madzi kuti asalowetse madzi omwe angawononge ulusi. Gelisiyi imagwiranso ntchito ngati chotchinga kuti chiteteze kuwonongeka kwa ulusi kuti zisawonongeke. Njira yopangira machubu otayirira ndiyofunikira kuti zitsimikizire kutalika kwa fiber.
Zida zotsekera madzi zimaphatikizapo girisi wotsekereza madzi, ulusi wotsekereza madzi, kapena ufa wotsekereza madzi. Pofuna kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu ya chingwe chotsekereza madzi, njira yodziwika bwino ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta otsekereza madzi.
Zinthu zolimbitsa zimabwera mumitundu yazitsulo komanso yopanda chitsulo. Zazitsulo nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa ndi mawaya achitsulo a phosphated, matepi a aluminiyamu, kapena matepi achitsulo. Zinthu zopanda zitsulo zimapangidwa makamaka ndi zida za FRP. Mosasamala kanthu za zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, zinthuzi ziyenera kupereka mphamvu zamakina zofunika kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira, kuphatikiza kukana kukangana, kupindika, kugunda, ndi kupindika.
Ma sheath akunja akuyenera kuganizira za momwe amagwiritsidwira ntchito, kuphatikiza kutsekereza madzi, kukana kwa UV, komanso kukana nyengo. Chifukwa chake, zinthu zakuda za PE zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri, chifukwa mawonekedwe ake abwino kwambiri akuthupi ndi mankhwala amawonetsetsa kuti akuyenera kuyika panja.
2 Zomwe zimayambitsa zovuta zamapangidwe amkuwa ndi njira zawo zothetsera
2. 1 Chikoka cha chithandizo chisanadze cha waya pa plating wosanjikiza Kukonzekera kwa waya ndikofunika kwambiri pakupanga zitsulo zamkuwa zamkuwa ndi electroplating. Ngati filimu ya mafuta ndi okusayidi pamwamba pa waya sichimachotsedwa kwathunthu, ndiye kuti wosanjikiza wa nickel wokonzedweratu sunapangidwe bwino ndipo kugwirizanitsa kumakhala kovutirapo, zomwe pamapeto pake zidzatsogolera kugwa kwakukulu kwa plating yamkuwa. Choncho ndikofunika kuyang'anitsitsa kuchuluka kwa zamchere ndi pickling zakumwa, pickling ndi zamchere zamakono komanso ngati mapampu ndi abwino, ndipo ngati sali, ayenera kukonzedwa mwamsanga. Mavuto omwe anthu ambiri amakumana nawo pochiza chisanachitike waya wachitsulo ndi mayankho awo akuwonetsedwa mu Table
2. 2 Kukhazikika kwa yankho la pre-nickel kumatsimikizira mwachindunji ubwino wa pre-plating wosanjikiza ndipo umagwira ntchito yofunikira pa sitepe yotsatira ya plating yamkuwa. Choncho, nkofunika kusanthula nthawi zonse ndikusintha chiŵerengero cha kaphatikizidwe ka nickel solution ya pre-plated solution ndikuwonetsetsa kuti nickel yopangidwa kale ndi yoyera komanso yosaipitsidwa.
2.3 Chikoka cha yankho lalikulu la plating pa plating wosanjikiza Njira yothetsera imakhala ndi mkuwa wa sulphate ndi sulfuric acid monga zigawo ziwiri, kupangidwa kwa chiŵerengerocho kumatsimikizira mwachindunji ubwino wa plating wosanjikiza. Ngati mkuwa wa sulphate uli wochuluka kwambiri, makhiristo a mkuwa a sulphate amapangidwa; ngati kuchuluka kwa copper sulphate ndi kotsika kwambiri, waya amapsa mosavuta ndipo mphamvu ya plating imakhudzidwa. Asidi sulfuriki amatha kusintha madutsidwe magetsi ndi dzuwa dzuwa la njira electroplating, kuchepetsa ndende ya ayoni mkuwa mu njira electroplating (chimodzimodzi ion zotsatira), motero kusintha cathodic polarization ndi kubalalitsidwa kwa njira electroplating, kotero kuti kachulukidwe panopa. malire kumawonjezeka, ndi kuteteza hydrolysis wa cuprous sulphate mu njira electroplating mu cuprous okusayidi ndi mpweya, kuwonjezera bata la plating njira, komanso kuchepetsa anodic polarisation, amene amathandiza kuti yachibadwa Kusungunuka kwa anode. Komabe, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti kuchuluka kwa sulfuric acid kumachepetsa kusungunuka kwa mkuwa sulphate. Pamene sulfuric acid zili mu plating yankho ndi wosakwanira, mkuwa sulphate mosavuta hydrolyzed mu cuprous oxide ndi kutsekeredwa mu plating wosanjikiza, mtundu wosanjikiza amakhala mdima ndi lotayirira; pamene pali owonjezera sulfuric asidi mu plating njira ndi mkuwa mchere zili osakwanira, wa haidrojeni adzakhala pangʻono kutulutsidwa mu cathode, kotero kuti pamwamba plating wosanjikiza kuoneka banga. Phosphorus mkuwa mbale phosphorous zili ndi zimakhudza kwambiri khalidwe ❖ kuyanika, phosphorous okhutira ayenera kulamulidwa mu osiyanasiyana 0. 04% kuti 0. 07%, ngati zosakwana 0.02%, n'zovuta kupanga. filimu yoletsa kupanga ayoni amkuwa, motero kuwonjezera ufa wamkuwa mu njira yopangira; ngati phosphorous zili oposa 0. 1%, zidzakhudza kuvunda kwa anode mkuwa, kuti zili bivalent ayoni mkuwa mu plating njira amachepetsa, ndi kupanga kwambiri anode matope. Kuonjezera apo, mbale yamkuwa iyenera kutsukidwa nthawi zonse kuti matope a anode asaipitse njira yopangira ndikuyambitsa roughness ndi burrs mu plating layer.
3 Mapeto
Kupyolera mu kukonza zinthu zomwe tazitchula pamwambapa, kumamatira ndi kupitiriza kwa mankhwalawa ndi zabwino, khalidweli ndi lokhazikika ndipo ntchito yake ndi yabwino kwambiri. Komabe, muzochitika zenizeni zopanga, pali zinthu zambiri zomwe zimakhudza ubwino wa plating wosanjikiza mu ndondomeko yopangira, pamene vutoli likupezeka, liyenera kufufuzidwa ndikuphunziridwa mu nthawi ndi njira zoyenera kuti zithetsedwe.
Nthawi yotumiza: Jun-14-2022