Mapangidwe azinthu zamawaya ndi chingwe amatha kugawidwa m'magawo anayi:makokondakita, zigawo za insulation, zigawo zotetezera ndi zotetezera, pamodzi ndi zigawo zodzaza ndi zinthu zowonongeka. Malinga ndi zofunikira zogwiritsira ntchito ndi zochitika zogwiritsira ntchito, zida zina zimakhala zosavuta, zimakhala ndi ma conductor okha monga gawo lachipangidwe, monga mawaya opanda kanthu, mawaya okhudzana ndi maukonde, mabasi amkuwa a aluminiyamu (mabasi), ndi zina zotero. Zogulitsa zimadalira zotetezera pakuyika ndi mtunda wamtunda (ie, kutsekereza mpweya) kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo.
1. Makondakitala
Makondakitala ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri komanso zofunikira kwambiri zomwe zimafalitsa uthenga wamagetsi kapena ma electromagnetic wave mkati mwa chinthu. Makondakitala, omwe nthawi zambiri amatchedwa ma conductive wire cores, amapangidwa kuchokera kuzitsulo zosagwiritsa ntchito chitsulo chambiri monga mkuwa, aluminiyamu, ndi zina zotere. Zingwe za Fiber Optical zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito posinthira mwachangu maukonde olumikizirana m'zaka makumi atatu zapitazi zimagwiritsa ntchito ulusi wowoneka ngati ma conductor.
2. Zigawo za Insulation
Zigawozi zimaphimba ma conductor, kupereka zotsekemera zamagetsi. Amawonetsetsa kuti mafunde apano kapena a electromagnetic/optical mafunde omwe amafalitsidwa amangoyenda motsatira kondakitala osati kunja. Magawo otsekereza amasunga kuthekera (ie, voliyumu) pa kondakitala kuti asakhudze zinthu zozungulira ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kondakitala ndi chitetezo chakunja kwa zinthu ndi anthu.
Makondakitala ndi zigawo zosungunulira ndi zinthu ziwiri zofunika pakupanga ma waya (kupatula mawaya opanda kanthu).
Muzochitika zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe panthawi yoyika ndi kugwiritsira ntchito, mawaya ndi zipangizo zamagetsi ziyenera kukhala ndi zigawo zomwe zimapereka chitetezo, makamaka kwa wosanjikiza. Zigawozi zimadziwika kuti zigawo zoteteza.
Chifukwa zida zotchinjiriza ziyenera kukhala ndi zida zabwino kwambiri zotchinjiriza magetsi, zimafunikira chiyero chachikulu chokhala ndi zonyansa zochepa. Komabe, zinthuzi nthawi zambiri sizingapereke chitetezo kuzinthu zakunja (mwachitsanzo, mphamvu zamakina panthawi yoyika ndikugwiritsa ntchito, kukana mlengalenga, mankhwala, mafuta, ziwopsezo zamoyo, ndi zoopsa zamoto). Zofunikira izi zimayendetsedwa ndi zida zosiyanasiyana zoteteza.
Kwa zingwe zopangidwira malo abwino akunja (mwachitsanzo, zoyera, zowuma, zamkati zopanda mphamvu zamakina), kapena ngati zida zotchingira zokha zikuwonetsa mphamvu zamakina ndi kukana kwanyengo, sipangakhale kufunikira kwa wosanjikiza woteteza monga gawo.
4. Kuteteza
Ndi gawo lazinthu zamagetsi zomwe zimalekanitsa gawo lamagetsi mkati mwa chingwe kuchokera kumadera akunja amagetsi. Ngakhale pakati pa mawaya kapena magulu osiyanasiyana mkati mwazinthu zamagetsi, kudzipatula ndikofunikira. Chotchinga chotchinga chingathe kufotokozedwa ngati "electromagnetic isolation screen."
Kwa zaka zambiri, makampaniwa amawona kuti zotchinga ngati gawo lachitetezo chachitetezo. Komabe, zikunenedwa kuti ziyenera kuganiziridwa ngati chigawo chosiyana. Izi ndichifukwa choti ntchito yotchinga yotchinga sikuti imangolekanitsa zidziwitso zomwe zimaperekedwa mkati mwa chingwe, kuti zisatayike kapena kusokoneza zida zakunja kapena mizere ina, komanso kuteteza mafunde akunja amagetsi kuti asalowe mu chipangizocho. kugwirizana kwa electromagnetic. Zofunikira izi zimasiyana ndi ntchito zachikhalidwe zoteteza. Kuonjezera apo, chotchinga chotchinga sichimangokhala kunja kwa mankhwala koma chimayikidwanso pakati pa awiri awiri kapena awiri awiri mu chingwe. Pazaka khumi zapitazi, chifukwa chakukula mwachangu kwa njira zotumizira zidziwitso pogwiritsa ntchito mawaya ndi zingwe, komanso kuchuluka kwa magwero osokoneza mafunde amagetsi mumlengalenga, mitundu yotetezedwa yachulukirachulukira. Kumvetsetsa kuti chotchinga chotchinga ndi gawo lofunikira lazinthu zama chingwe chavomerezedwa kwambiri.
Zambiri zamawaya ndi zingwe zimakhala zoyambira, monga zingwe zamagetsi zotsika kwambiri zomwe zimakhala zoyambira zinayi kapena zisanu (zoyenera magawo atatu), komanso zingwe zamatelefoni zakutawuni kuyambira ma 800 mpaka 3600 mapeyala. Mukaphatikiza ma core insulated kapena ma waya awiriwa kukhala chingwe (kapena kangapo kangapo), mawonekedwe osakhazikika ndi mipata yayikulu imakhalapo pakati pa ma cores kapena ma waya awiri. Choncho, dongosolo lodzaza liyenera kuphatikizidwa panthawi ya msonkhano wa chingwe. Cholinga cha dongosololi ndi kukhalabe yunifolomu awiri awiri akunja mu coiling, kutsogolera kuzimata ndi m'chimake extrusion. Kuphatikiza apo, zimatsimikizira kukhazikika kwa chingwe komanso kukhulupirika kwamkati, kugawa mphamvu molingana ndikugwiritsa ntchito (kutambasula, kuponderezana, ndi kupindika panthawi yopanga ndi kuyika) kuti zisawonongeke zamkati mwa chingwe.
Chifukwa chake, ngakhale mawonekedwe odzaza ndi othandizira, ndikofunikira. Malamulo atsatanetsatane alipo okhudzana ndi kusankha zinthu ndi kapangidwe kake kamangidwe kameneka.
Mawaya akale ndi zida za chingwe nthawi zambiri zimadalira gawo la zida zachitetezo kuti zipirire mphamvu zakunja kapena kupsinjika komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kulemera kwawo. Zomwe zimapangidwira zimaphatikizapo zida zachitsulo zopangira zida zachitsulo ndi zida zachitsulo (monga kugwiritsa ntchito mawaya achitsulo okhuthala 8mm, opindika kukhala wosanjikiza wa zida zankhondo, pazingwe zapansi pamadzi). Komabe, mu zingwe za optical fiber, kuteteza ulusi ku mphamvu zazing'ono, kupeŵa kupotoza pang'ono komwe kungakhudze ntchito yopatsirana, zokutira zoyambira ndi zachiwiri ndi zida zapadera zamakomedwe zimaphatikizidwa mu kapangidwe ka chingwe. Mwachitsanzo, mu zingwe zamutu wa foni yam'manja, waya wabwino wamkuwa kapena tepi yopyapyala yozungulira kuzungulira ulusi wopangidwa imatulutsidwa ndi wosanjikiza wotsekereza, pomwe ulusi wopangira umakhala ngati chigawo chokhazikika. Ponseponse, m'zaka zaposachedwa, pakupanga zinthu zing'onozing'ono komanso zosinthika zomwe zimafuna mapindikidwe angapo, zinthu zolimba zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri.
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-19-2023