Kumvetsetsa Kuteteza Zingwe: Mitundu, Ntchito, ndi Kufunika

Chingwe chotchingira chili ndi mawu awiri otchingira, monga momwe dzinalo likusonyezera ndi chingwe chotumizira chomwe chili ndi kukana kwakunja kwa magetsi komwe kumapangidwa ndi gawo lotchingira. Chomwe chimatchedwa "kutchingira" pa kapangidwe ka chingwe ndi njira yowongolera kufalikira kwa minda yamagetsi. Choyendetsa chingwecho chimapangidwa ndi zingwe zingapo za waya, zomwe zimakhala zosavuta kupanga mpata wa mpweya pakati pake ndi gawo lotchingira, ndipo pamwamba pa chowongolera sichili chosalala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu yamagetsi ikhale yochuluka.

1. Chingwe choteteza chingwe
(1). Onjezani gawo loteteza la zinthu zoyendetsera mpweya zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa pamwamba pa kondakitala, zomwe zimakhala zogwirizana ndi kondakitala woteteza komanso zogwirizana bwino ndi gawo loteteza mpweya, kuti mupewe kutuluka pang'ono pakati pa kondakitala ndi gawo loteteza mpweya. Gawo loteteza mpweya limeneli limadziwikanso kuti gawo lamkati loteteza mpweya. Pakhoza kukhalanso mipata pakati pa pamwamba pa malo otetezera mpweya ndi chivundikiro, ndipo chingwe chikapindika, pamwamba pa chingwe cha pepala loteteza mpweya kumakhala kosavuta kuyambitsa ming'alu, zomwe ndi zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa kutuluka pang'ono.
(2). Onjezani gawo loteteza la zinthu zoyendetsera mpweya pamwamba pa gawo loteteza mpweya, lomwe limakhudzana bwino ndi gawo loteteza mpweya komanso mphamvu yofanana ndi gawo lachitsulo, kuti mupewe kutuluka pang'ono pakati pa gawo loteteza mpweya ndi gawolo.

Kuti ziyendetse bwino pakati ndikuteteza mphamvu zamagetsi, zingwe zamagetsi za 6kV ndi zapakati komanso zapamwamba nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi chishango cha conductor ndi chishango choteteza mphamvu, ndipo zingwe zina za low-voltage zilibe chishango. Pali mitundu iwiri ya zishango zoteteza: zishango zoteteza mphamvu ndi zishango zachitsulo.

2. Chingwe chotetezedwa
Chingwe chotchingira cha chingwechi chimakulungidwa kwambiri mu netiweki ya mawaya achitsulo kapena filimu yachitsulo, ndipo pali njira zosiyanasiyana zotchingira chimodzi ndi zotchingira zingapo. Chingwe chimodzi chimatanthauza ukonde umodzi kapena filimu ya chishango, yomwe imatha kukulunga waya umodzi kapena ingapo. Njira yotchingira zambiri ndi maukonde ambiri otchingira, ndipo filimu yotchingira ili mu chingwe chimodzi. Zina zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupatula kusokoneza kwa mawaya amagetsi, ndipo zina ndi zotchingira ziwiri zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kulimbitsa mphamvu yotchingira. Njira yotchingira ndikutsitsa gawo lotchingira kuti lichotse mphamvu yosokoneza ya waya wakunja.

(1) Chitetezo cha semi-conductive
Chigoba choteteza mpweya nthawi zambiri chimakhala pamwamba pa waya woyendetsa ndi pamwamba pa waya woteteza mpweya, zomwe zimatchedwa chigoba choteteza mpweya chamkati ndi chigoba choteteza mpweya chakunja. Chigoba choteteza mpweya chimapangidwa ndi zinthu zoteteza mpweya zomwe zimakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa komanso makulidwe ochepa. Chigoba choteteza mpweya chamkati chimapangidwa kuti chigwirizane ndi mphamvu yamagetsi yomwe ili pamwamba pa chigoba choyendetsa mpweya ndikupewa kutulutsa mpweya pang'ono kwa chigoba ndi kutchinjiriza mpweya chifukwa cha kusalingana kwa chigoba choyendetsa mpweya komanso kusiyana kwa mpweya komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha chigoba chokhazikika. Chigoba choteteza mpweya chakunja chimalumikizana bwino ndi chigoba choteteza mpweya, ndipo chimakhala chogwirizana ndi chigoba chachitsulo kuti chipewe kutuluka kwa mpweya pang'ono ndi chigoba chachitsulo chifukwa cha zolakwika monga ming'alu pamwamba pa chigoba choteteza chingwe.

(2) Chitetezo chachitsulo
Pa zingwe zamagetsi zapakati ndi zochepa zopanda majekete achitsulo, gawo la chishango chachitsulo liyenera kuwonjezeredwa kuwonjezera pa gawo la chishango choyendetsa mpweya. Gawo la chishango chachitsulo nthawi zambiri limakulungidwa nditepi yamkuwakapena waya wamkuwa, womwe umagwira ntchito makamaka yoteteza mphamvu yamagetsi.

Popeza mphamvu yamagetsi kudzera mu chingwe chamagetsi ndi yayikulu, mphamvu yamagetsi imapangidwa mozungulira mphamvu yamagetsi, kuti isakhudze zigawo zina, kotero gawo loteteza limatha kuteteza mphamvu yamagetsi iyi mu chingwe. Kuphatikiza apo, gawo loteteza chingwe limatha kugwira ntchito inayake poteteza nthaka. Ngati pakati pa chingwe pawonongeka, mphamvu yotuluka imatha kuyenda motsatira njira yotetezera, monga netiweki yoteteza nthaka, kuti igwire ntchito yoteteza chitetezo. Zikuoneka kuti ntchito ya gawo loteteza chingwe ikadali yayikulu kwambiri.