Malinga ndi zochitika zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito, zingwe zowunikira nthawi zambiri zimagawidwa m'magulu akuluakulu angapo, kuphatikizapo akunja, amkati, komanso amkati/akunja. Kodi pali kusiyana kotani pakati pa magulu akuluakulu awa a zingwe zowunikira?
1. Chingwe cha Ulusi Wakunja
Mtundu wofala kwambiri wa chingwe chomwe timakumana nacho mu uinjiniya wolumikizirana nthawi zambiri ndi chingwe cha ulusi wakunja.
Kuti akwaniritse zofunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito malo akunja, zingwe za ulusi wakunja nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino amakina ndipo nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito nyumba zosalowa chinyezi komanso zosalowa madzi.
Kuti chingwe chizigwira ntchito bwino, zingwe zakunja za ulusi wa kuwala nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi zinthu zachitsulo monga ziwalo zapakati zachitsulo ndi zigawo zachitsulo zoteteza.
Matepi achitsulo opangidwa ndi aluminiyamu kapena pulasitiki ozungulira pakati pa chingwe amakhala ndi mphamvu zabwino kwambiri zoletsa chinyezi. Kuteteza madzi a chingwe kumachitika makamaka powonjezera mafuta kapenaulusi wotchinga madzimonga zodzaza mkati mwa chingwe.
Chigoba cha zingwe za ulusi wakunja nthawi zambiri chimapangidwa ndi polyethylene. Zigoba za polyethylene zimakhala ndi makhalidwe abwino kwambiri, zimalimbana ndi dzimbiri, zimakhala ndi moyo wautali, zimasinthasintha bwino, komanso zabwino zina, koma sizimaletsa moto. Mpweya wakuda wa kaboni ndi zina zowonjezera nthawi zambiri zimaphatikizidwa mu chigoba kuti ziwonjezere kukana kwake ku kuwala kwa ultraviolet. Chifukwa chake, zingwe za ulusi wakunja zomwe timaziona nthawi zambiri zimakhala zakuda.
2. Chingwe cha Ulusi Wowoneka M'nyumba
Zingwe za ulusi wa kuwala zamkati nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi kapangidwe kosakhala kachitsulo, ndipo ulusi wa aramid umagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati gawo la mphamvu ya chingwecho, zomwe zimathandiza kuti chingwecho chikhale chosinthasintha.
Magwiridwe antchito a makina a zingwe za ulusi wamkati nthawi zambiri amakhala otsika poyerekeza ndi zingwe zakunja.
Mwachitsanzo, poyerekeza zingwe zamkati zomwe zimapangidwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito poyima mawaya okhala ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino a makina ndi zingwe zakunja zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo ofooka a makina monga mapaipi ndi zingwe zamlengalenga zomwe sizimadzichirikiza zokha, zingwe zamkati zimakhala ndi mphamvu yovomerezeka yokoka komanso mphamvu yovomerezeka yokoka.
Zingwe za ulusi wamkati nthawi zambiri sizifuna zinthu zofunika kuziganizira pa kukana madzi kuti asanyowe, kapena kukana UV. Chifukwa chake, kapangidwe ka zingwe zamkati n'kosavuta kuposa ka zingwe zakunja. Chigoba cha zingwe za ulusi wamkati chimakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, nthawi zambiri chimagwirizana ndi mitundu ya zingwe za fiber optic, monga momwe chithunzi chili pansipa chikusonyezera.
Poyerekeza ndi zingwe zakunja, zingwe za ulusi wamkati zimakhala ndi nthawi yayitali ndipo nthawi zambiri zimafunika kuthetsedwa mbali zonse ziwiri.
Chifukwa chake, zingwe zamkati nthawi zambiri zimawoneka ngati zingwe zomangira, pomwe gawo lapakati ndi chingwe cha ulusi wamkati. Kuti zitheke kuthetsa, ma cores a ulusi wa zingwe zamkati nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi ulusi wolimba wokhala ndi mainchesi a 900μm (pomwe zingwe zakunja nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito ulusi wamitundu yosiyanasiyana wokhala ndi mainchesi a 250μm kapena 200μm).
Chifukwa cha kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyumba, zingwe za ulusi wa kuwala ziyenera kukhala ndi mphamvu zina zoletsa moto. Kutengera ndi momwe zimatetezera moto, chingwe cha chingwecho chimagwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zosiyanasiyana zoletsa moto, monga polyethylene yoletsa moto, polyvinyl chloride,polyolefin yotsika utsi wopanda halogen yoletsa moto, ndi zina zotero.
3. Chingwe cha Ulusi Wamkati/Wakunja
Chingwe cha ulusi wamkati/kunja, chomwe chimadziwikanso kuti chingwe chamkati/kunja, ndi mtundu wa chingwe chomwe chimapangidwa kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito panja komanso m'nyumba, chomwe chimagwira ntchito ngati njira yolumikizira zizindikiro za kuwala kuchokera ku malo akunja kupita ku malo amkati.
Zingwe za ulusi wa kuwala zamkati/kunja ziyenera kuphatikiza ubwino wa zingwe zakunja monga kukana chinyezi, kukana madzi, kugwira ntchito bwino kwa makina, ndi kukana UV, ndi mawonekedwe a zingwe zamkati, kuphatikizapo kuchedwa kwa moto komanso kusayendetsa magetsi. Mtundu uwu wa chingwe umatchedwanso chingwe chamkati/kunja chokhala ndi ntchito ziwiri.
Zinthu zatsopano zomwe zapangidwa pa zingwe zamkati/kunja za kuwala, pogwiritsa ntchito zingwe zakunja, ndi izi:
Kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zoletsa moto pachikhatho.
Kusakhala ndi zigawo zachitsulo m'kapangidwe kake kapena kugwiritsa ntchito zigawo zolimbitsa zitsulo zomwe zimalumikizidwa mosavuta ndi magetsi (monga waya wotumizira m'zingwe zodzichirikiza).
Kukhazikitsa njira zowuma zotetezera madzi kuti mafuta asatuluke pamene chingwecho chikuyikidwa molunjika.
Mu uinjiniya wolumikizirana wamba, zingwe zamkati/zakunja sizigwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri kupatula zingwe zotayira za FTTH (Fiber to the Home). Komabe, mu ntchito zolumikizira zingwe zambiri komwe zingwe za kuwala nthawi zambiri zimasinthasintha kuchokera ku malo akunja kupita ku malo amkati, kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe zamkati/zakunja kumachitika kawirikawiri. Kapangidwe kawiri kofala ka zingwe zamkati/zakunja komwe kamagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ntchito zolumikizira zingwe zambiri ndi kapangidwe ka loose-tube ndi kapangidwe kolimba.
4. Kodi Zingwe za Ulusi wa Kunja Zingagwiritsidwe Ntchito M'nyumba?
Ayi, sangathe.
Komabe, mu uinjiniya wolankhulirana wamba, chifukwa cha zingwe zambiri zowunikira zomwe zimayikidwa panja, nthawi zina zingwe zowunikira zakunja zimayendetsedwa mwachindunji m'nyumba zimakhala zofala kwambiri.
Nthawi zina, ngakhale maulumikizidwe ofunikira monga zingwe zogwetsera malo osungira deta kapena zingwe zolumikizirana pakati pa zipinda zosiyanasiyana za malo osungira deta amagwiritsa ntchito zingwe zowunikira zakunja. Zimabweretsa zoopsa zazikulu pachitetezo cha moto panyumba, chifukwa zingwe zakunja sizingakwaniritse miyezo yachitetezo cha moto yamkati.
5. Malangizo Osankha Zingwe za Ulusi Wowala Pomanga Nyumba
Mapulogalamu Ofunika Kugwiritsidwa Ntchito M'nyumba ndi Panja: Pa mapulogalamu a chingwe omwe amafuna kuyikidwa panja ndi m'nyumba, monga mawaya ogwetsa ndi mawaya olowera m'nyumbamo, ndibwino kusankha mawaya a fiber optical mkati/kunja.
Mapulogalamu Ogwiritsidwa Ntchito M'nyumba Monse: Pa mapulogalamu a chingwe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'nyumba monse, ganizirani kugwiritsa ntchito zingwe za fiber optical zamkati kapena zingwe za fiber optical zamkati/kunja.
Kuganizira Zofunikira pa Chitetezo cha Moto: Kuti mukwaniritse miyezo ya chitetezo cha moto, sankhani mosamala zingwe za ulusi wa kuwala zamkati/kunja ndi zingwe za ulusi wa kuwala zamkati zomwe zili ndi miyezo yoyenera yoletsa moto.
Malangizo awa cholinga chake ndi kuonetsetsa kuti zingwe za ulusi wowala zomwe zasankhidwa zikugwirizana bwino ndi momwe zimagwiritsidwira ntchito mkati mwa nyumbayo. Amaganizira zofunikira zamkati ndi zakunja pomwe akuika patsogolo kutsatira miyezo yotetezera moto.
Nthawi yotumizira: Meyi-28-2025