1 Chiyambi
Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti zingwe za fiber optic zikutsekedwa kwa nthawi yayitali komanso kuti madzi ndi chinyezi zisalowe mu chingwe kapena bokosi lolumikizirana ndikuwononga chitsulo ndi ulusi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti haidrojeni iwonongeke, ulusi usweke komanso kuti mphamvu zamagetsi zichepetse kwambiri, njira zotsatirazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popewa madzi ndi chinyezi:
1) Kudzaza mkati mwa chingwe ndi mafuta a thixotropic, kuphatikizapo mtundu woletsa madzi (hydrophobic), mtundu wotupa madzi ndi mtundu wokulitsa kutentha ndi zina zotero. Mtundu uwu wa zinthu ndi zinthu zamafuta, zodzaza zambiri, zokwera mtengo, zosavuta kuipitsa chilengedwe, zovuta kuyeretsa (makamaka mu chingwe cholumikizidwa ndi chosungunulira kuti chiyeretsedwe), komanso kulemera kwa chingwecho ndi kolemera kwambiri.
2) Pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito mphete yotchinga madzi yotentha, njira iyi ndi yosagwira ntchito, ndi yovuta, opanga ochepa okha ndi omwe angakwaniritse. 3) Kugwiritsa ntchito kukulitsa kouma kwa zinthu zotchinga madzi (ufa wokulitsa womwe umayamwa madzi, tepi yotchinga madzi, ndi zina zotero). Njirayi imafuna ukadaulo wapamwamba, kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu, mtengo wokwera, kulemera kwa chingwecho ndikolemera kwambiri. M'zaka zaposachedwa, kapangidwe ka "kouma pakati" kalowetsedwa mu chingwe chowunikira, ndipo kagwiritsidwa ntchito bwino kunja, makamaka pothetsa vuto la kudzilemera kwambiri komanso njira yovuta yolumikizira chingwe chowunikira chapakati chachikulu chili ndi zabwino zosayerekezeka. Zinthu zotchinga madzi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu chingwe cha "kouma pakati" ichi ndi ulusi wotchinga madzi. Ulusi wotchinga madzi ukhoza kuyamwa madzi mwachangu ndi kutupa kuti upange gel, kutseka malo a ngalande yamadzi ya chingwe, motero kukwaniritsa cholinga chotchinga madzi. Kuphatikiza apo, ulusi wotchinga madzi ulibe zinthu zamafuta ndipo nthawi yofunikira yokonzekera splice ikhoza kuchepetsedwa kwambiri popanda kufunikira zopukutira, zosungunulira ndi zotsukira. Kuti tipeze njira yosavuta, kapangidwe kosavuta, magwiridwe antchito odalirika komanso zipangizo zotchingira madzi zotsika mtengo, tinapanga mtundu watsopano wa ulusi wotchingira madzi womwe umatchingira ulusi womwe umatchingira madzi.
2 Mfundo yoletsa madzi ndi makhalidwe a ulusi woletsa madzi
Ntchito yoletsa madzi ya ulusi woletsa madzi ndikugwiritsa ntchito thupi lalikulu la ulusi woletsa madzi kuti apange gel wambiri (kuyamwa madzi kumatha kufika kuwirikiza kambirimbiri kuchuluka kwake, monga momwe mu mphindi yoyamba madzi amatha kukulitsidwa mwachangu kuchokera pafupifupi 0.5mm mpaka pafupifupi 5.0mm m'mimba mwake), ndipo mphamvu yosungira madzi ya gel ndi yamphamvu kwambiri, imatha kuletsa kukula kwa mtengo wamadzi, motero kuletsa madzi kuti asapitirire kulowa ndikufalikira, kuti akwaniritse cholinga chokana madzi. Popeza chingwe cha fiber optic chiyenera kupirira mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana yachilengedwe popanga, kuyesa, kunyamula, kusunga ndi kugwiritsa ntchito, ulusi woletsa madzi uyenera kukhala ndi makhalidwe otsatirawa kuti ugwiritsidwe ntchito mu chingwe cha fiber optic:
1) Maonekedwe oyera, makulidwe ofanana komanso kapangidwe kofewa;
2) Mphamvu inayake yamakina yokwaniritsa zofunikira pakumanga chingwe;
3) kutupa mwachangu, kukhazikika bwino kwa mankhwala komanso mphamvu yayikulu yoyamwa madzi ndi kupanga gel;
4) Kukhazikika kwabwino kwa mankhwala, palibe zinthu zowononga, kukana mabakiteriya ndi nkhungu;
5) Kukhazikika kwa kutentha, kukana nyengo, kusinthasintha ku zinthu zosiyanasiyana zomwe zingakonzedwe pambuyo pake komanso malo osiyanasiyana ogwiritsira ntchito;
6) Kugwirizana bwino ndi zipangizo zina za fiber optic cable.
3 Ulusi wosagwira madzi pogwiritsa ntchito chingwe cha ulusi wowala
3.1 Kugwiritsa ntchito ulusi wosalowa madzi mu zingwe za ulusi wowala
Opanga zingwe za fiber optic amatha kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira zingwe kuti akwaniritse zosowa za ogwiritsa ntchito malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili komanso zomwe ogwiritsa ntchito akufuna:
1) Kutsekereza madzi kwa nthawi yayitali kwa chidebe chakunja ndi ulusi wotsekereza madzi
Mu zotetezera zachitsulo zopindika, chidebe chakunja chiyenera kukhala chopanda madzi kwa nthawi yayitali kuti chiteteze chinyezi ndi chinyezi kuti zisalowe mu chingwe kapena bokosi lolumikizira. Kuti chidebe chamadzi cha nthawi yayitali chikhale chopinga chakunja, ulusi wotchinga madzi uwiri umagwiritsidwa ntchito, umodzi womwe umayikidwa molingana ndi pakati pa chingwe chamkati, ndipo winayo umazunguliridwa mozungulira pakati pa chingwe pamalo enaake (8 mpaka 15 cm), wokutidwa ndi tepi yachitsulo yopindika ndi PE (polyethylene), kotero kuti ulusi wotchinga madzi umagawanitsa mpata pakati pa pakati pa chingwe ndi tepi yachitsulo kukhala chipinda chaching'ono chotsekedwa. Ulusi wotchinga madzi udzatupa ndikupanga gel mkati mwa nthawi yochepa, kuletsa madzi kulowa mu chingwe ndikuletsa madzi kukhala m'zigawo zing'onozing'ono pafupi ndi malo olakwika, motero kukwaniritsa cholinga cha chidebe chamadzi cha nthawi yayitali, monga momwe zasonyezedwera pa Chithunzi 1.
Chithunzi 1: Kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka ulusi wotchinga madzi mu chingwe chowunikira
2) Kutsekereza madzi kwa chingwe cham'mbali ndi ulusi wotsekereza madziZingagwiritsidwe ntchito pakati pa chingwe cha magawo awiri a ulusi wotchingira madzi, chimodzi chili pakati pa chingwe cha waya wolimbikitsidwa, pogwiritsa ntchito ulusi wotchingira madzi awiri, nthawi zambiri ulusi wotchingira madzi ndi waya wolimbikitsidwa wachitsulo womwe umayikidwa motsatana, ulusi wina wotchingira madzi kupita ku phula lalikulu lozunguliridwa ndi waya, palinso ulusi wotchingira madzi ndi waya wolimbikitsidwa wachitsulo womwe umayikidwa motsatana, pogwiritsa ntchito ulusi wotchingira madzi wokhala ndi mphamvu yokulirapo yotchingira madzi; chachiwiri chili pamwamba pa chivundikiro chomasuka, musanakankhire m'chimake chamkati, ulusi wotchingira madzi ngati ulusi womangira umagwiritsidwa ntchito, ulusi wotchingira madzi awiri kupita ku phula laling'ono (1 ~ 2cm) mbali inayo mozungulira, kupanga chidebe chotchingira madzi chaching'ono, kuti madzi asalowe, chopangidwa ndi kapangidwe ka "chingwe chouma".
3.2 Kusankha ulusi wosalowa madzi
Kuti mupeze kukana madzi bwino komanso kugwira ntchito bwino kwa makina popanga chingwe cha fiber optic, mfundo zotsatirazi ziyenera kukumbukiridwa posankha ulusi wokana madzi:
1) Kukhuthala kwa ulusi wotchingira madzi
Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti kukulitsa kwa ulusi wotchingira madzi kungathe kudzaza mpata womwe uli pa chingwe, kusankha makulidwe a ulusi wotchingira madzi ndikofunikira, ndithudi, izi zikugwirizana ndi kukula kwa chingwecho komanso kuchuluka kwa kukulitsa kwa ulusi wotchingira madzi. Mu kapangidwe ka chingwecho muyenera kuchepetsa mipata, monga kugwiritsa ntchito kuchuluka kwa kukulitsa kwa ulusi wotchingira madzi, ndiye kuti kukula kwa ulusi wotchingira madzi kumatha kuchepetsedwa kukhala kochepa kwambiri, kuti mupeze magwiridwe antchito odalirika otchingira madzi, komanso kuti musunge ndalama.
2) Kutupa kwa ulusi ndi mphamvu ya gel ya ulusi wotchinga madzi
Mayeso a IEC794-1-F5B olowera m'madzi amachitika pa gawo lonse la chingwe cha fiber optic. 1m ya mzati wamadzi imawonjezedwa ku chitsanzo cha 3m cha chingwe cha fiber optic, maola 24 popanda kutuluka kwa madzi ndi oyenerera. Ngati kuchuluka kwa kutupa kwa ulusi wotsekereza madzi sikukugwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa kulowa kwa madzi, ndizotheka kuti madzi adutsa mu chitsanzocho mkati mwa mphindi zochepa kuyambira poyambira mayeso ndipo ulusi wotsekereza madzi sunatuluke mokwanira, ngakhale patapita nthawi ulusi wotsekereza madzi udzatupa kwathunthu ndikutseka madzi, koma izi ndizolephera. Ngati kuchuluka kwa kukula kuli kofulumira ndipo mphamvu ya gel sikokwanira, sikokwanira kukana kukakamizidwa komwe kumapangidwa ndi mzati wa madzi wa 1m, ndipo kutsekereza madzi kudzalepheranso.
3) Kufewa kwa ulusi wotchinga madzi
Popeza ulusi wotsekereza madzi umafewa pa mphamvu ya chingwe, makamaka mphamvu ya mbali, kukana kugwedezeka, ndi zina zotero, kugwedezekako kumaonekera bwino, choncho yesetsani kugwiritsa ntchito ulusi wofewa kwambiri wotsekereza madzi.
4) Mphamvu yokoka, kutalika ndi kutalika kwa ulusi wotchingira madzi
Pakupanga ulusi uliwonse wa chingwe, ulusi wotchingira madzi uyenera kukhala wopitilira komanso wosasinthasintha, zomwe zimafuna kuti ulusi wotchingira madzi ukhale ndi mphamvu yolimba komanso kutalika, kuti zitsimikizire kuti ulusi wotchingira madzi sukukokedwa panthawi yopanga, chingwecho chikakhala chotambasula, kupindika, ndi kupotoza ulusi wotchingira madzi sichiwonongeka. Kutalika kwa ulusi wotchingira madzi kumadalira makamaka kutalika kwa chingwe, kuti achepetse kuchuluka kwa nthawi yomwe ulusi umasinthidwa popanga mosalekeza, kutalika kwa ulusi wotchingira madzi kumakhala bwino.
5) Asidi ndi alkalinity ya ulusi wotchingira madzi ziyenera kukhala zopanda mbali, apo ayi ulusi wotchingira madzi udzagwirizana ndi chingwecho ndikupangitsa kuti hydrogen igwe.
6) Kukhazikika kwa ulusi wotchinga madzi
Gome 2: Kuyerekeza kapangidwe ka ulusi wotchingira madzi ndi zinthu zina zotchingira madzi
| Yerekezerani zinthu | Kudzaza jeli | Mphete yophimba madzi otentha | Tepi yotsekereza madzi | Ulusi wotchingira madzi |
| Kukana madzi | Zabwino | Zabwino | Zabwino | Zabwino |
| Kuthekera kwa kukonza | Zosavuta | Zovuta | Zovuta kwambiri | Zosavuta |
| Katundu wa makina | Woyenerera | Woyenerera | Woyenerera | Woyenerera |
| Kudalirika kwa nthawi yayitali | Zabwino | Zabwino | Zabwino | Zabwino |
| Mphamvu yolumikizira m'chimake | Zabwino | Zabwino | Zabwino | Zabwino |
| Chiwopsezo cha kulumikizidwa | Inde | No | No | No |
| Zotsatira za okosijeni | Inde | No | No | No |
| Chosungunulira | Inde | No | No | No |
| Utali wa chingwe cha fiber optic pa unit iliyonse | Zolemera | Kuwala | Zolemera kwambiri | Kuwala |
| Kuyenda kwa zinthu zosafunikira | N'zotheka | No | No | No |
| Ukhondo pakupanga | Wosauka | Osauka kwambiri | Zabwino | Zabwino |
| Kusamalira zinthu | Ng'oma zachitsulo cholemera | Zosavuta | Zosavuta | Zosavuta |
| Kuyika ndalama mu zida | Lalikulu | Lalikulu | Yaikulu | Kakang'ono |
| Mtengo wa zinthu | Zapamwamba | Zochepa | Zapamwamba | Pansi |
| Ndalama zopangira | Zapamwamba | Zapamwamba | Zapamwamba | Pansi |
Kukhazikika kwa ulusi wotchingira madzi kumayesedwa makamaka ndi kukhazikika kwa kanthawi kochepa komanso kukhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali. Kukhazikika kwa kanthawi kochepa kumaonedwa makamaka ngati kukwera kwa kutentha kwa kanthawi kochepa (kutentha kwa njira yotulutsira chidebe cha madzi mpaka 220 ~ 240 ° C) pa ulusi wotchingira madzi ndi mawonekedwe a makina a kugwedezeka; kukhazikika kwa nthawi yayitali, makamaka poganizira kukalamba kwa ulusi wotchingira madzi, kuchuluka kwa kukulira, mphamvu ndi kukhazikika kwa gel, mphamvu yokoka ndi kutalika kwa kugwedezeka, ulusi wotchingira madzi uyenera kukhala m'moyo wonse wa chingwe (zaka 20 ~ 30) ndi kukana madzi. Mofanana ndi mafuta otchingira madzi ndi tepi yotchingira madzi, mphamvu ya gel ndi kukhazikika kwa ulusi wotchingira madzi ndi khalidwe lofunika kwambiri. Ulusi wotchingira madzi wokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri za gel komanso kukhazikika kwabwino ukhoza kusunga mawonekedwe abwino otchingira madzi kwa nthawi yayitali. M'malo mwake, malinga ndi miyezo yoyenera ya dziko la Germany, zipangizo zina pansi pa mikhalidwe ya hydrolysis, gel idzawola kukhala chinthu choyenda kwambiri cholemera mamolekyulu, ndipo sichidzakwaniritsa cholinga cha kukana madzi kwa nthawi yayitali.
3.3 Kugwiritsa ntchito ulusi wotchinga madzi
Ulusi wotchingira madzi ngati chingwe chowunikira chabwino kwambiri chotchingira madzi, ukusintha mafuta ophikira, mphete yomatira yosungunuka yotentha komanso tepi yotchingira madzi, ndi zina zotero. zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mochuluka popanga chingwe chowunikira, Gome 2 pa zina mwa makhalidwe a zipangizo zotchingira madzi izi poyerekeza.
4 Mapeto
Mwachidule, ulusi wotchingira madzi ndi chinthu chabwino kwambiri chotchingira madzi choyenera chingwe chowunikira, chili ndi mawonekedwe osavuta, magwiridwe antchito odalirika, magwiridwe antchito apamwamba, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito mosavuta; ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zomwe zimadzaza chingwe chowunikira kuli ndi ubwino wopepuka, magwiridwe antchito odalirika komanso mtengo wotsika.
Nthawi yotumizira: Julayi-16-2022