Ndi zipangizo ziti zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mawaya ndi zingwe zotetezera moto?

Waya woletsa moto, amatanthauza waya wokhala ndi zinthu zoletsa moto, nthawi zambiri pa mayeso, waya ukayaka, ngati magetsi atsekedwa, motowo udzawongoleredwa mkati mwa mtunda winawake, sudzafalikira, ndipo udzakhala ndi zinthu zoletsa moto ndipo udzaletsa utsi woopsa. Waya woletsa moto ngati gawo lofunika kwambiri la chitetezo chamagetsi, kusankha zinthu zake ndikofunikira, msika wamakono umagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zoletsa moto kuphatikizapoPVC, XLPE, mphira wa silikoni ndi zinthu zotetezera mchere.

Kusankha waya woletsa moto ndi zinthu za chingwe

Ngati kuchuluka kwa mpweya wa okosijeni wa zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu chingwe choletsa moto kuli kwakukulu, mphamvu ya okosijeni ya moto imakhala yabwino, koma chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mpweya wa okosijeni, ndikofunikira kutaya zinthu zina. Ngati mphamvu zakuthupi ndi zinthu zogwirira ntchito za zinthuzo zachepa, ntchitoyo ndi yovuta, ndipo mtengo wa zinthuzo wakwera, kotero ndikofunikira kusankha moyenera komanso moyenera chizindikiro cha mpweya, chizindikiro cha mpweya cha zinthu zotetezera kutentha chimafika 30, chinthucho chikhoza kupambana zofunikira za mayeso a kalasi C mu muyezo, ngati zinthu zophimba ndi zodzaza ndi zinthu zoletsa moto, chinthucho chikhoza kukwaniritsa zofunikira za kalasi B ndi kalasi A. Zida za waya ndi chingwe zoletsa moto zimagawidwa makamaka m'zida zoletsa moto za halogenated ndi zinthu zoletsa moto zopanda halogen;

1. Zipangizo zoletsa moto zokhala ndi halogenated

Chifukwa cha kuwonongeka ndi kutulutsidwa kwa hydrogen halide pamene kuyaka kukutenthedwa, hydrogen halide imatha kugwira muzu wa HO wochita zinthu zopanda mphamvu, kotero kuti kuyaka kwa zinthuzo kumachedwa kapena kuzimitsidwa kuti zikwaniritse cholinga cha lawi loletsa moto. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi polyvinyl chloride, neoprene rabara, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, ethylene-propylene rabara ndi zina.

(1) Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) yoletsa moto: Chifukwa cha mtengo wotsika wa PVC, kutchinjiriza bwino komanso kuletsa moto, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu waya wamba woletsa moto ndi chingwe. Pofuna kukonza kuletsa moto kwa PVC, zinthu zoletsa moto za halogen (decabromodiphenyl ethers), ma paraffins a chlorinated ndi zinthu zoletsa moto za synergic nthawi zambiri zimawonjezeredwa ku fomula kuti zikonze kuletsa moto kwa PVC.

Rabala ya ethylene propylene (EPDM): ma hydrocarbons osakhala a polar, okhala ndi mphamvu zamagetsi zabwino kwambiri, kukana kutentha kwambiri, kutayika kwa dielectric kochepa, koma rabala ya ethylene propylene ndi zinthu zomwe zimatha kuyaka, tiyenera kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa rabala ya ethylene propylene yolumikizana, kuchepetsa kusokonezeka kwa unyolo wa mamolekyulu komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha zinthu zochepa zolemera mamolekyulu, kuti tiwongolere mphamvu zoletsa moto za zinthuzo;

(2) Utsi wochepa komanso zinthu zoletsa moto za halogen zochepa
Makamaka pa polyvinyl chloride ndi polyethylene ya chlorosulfonated, zinthu ziwiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Onjezani CaCO3 ndi A(IOH)3 mu fomula ya PVC. Zinc borate ndi MoO3 zimatha kuchepetsa kutulutsidwa kwa HCL ndi kuchuluka kwa utsi wa polyvinyl chloride yoletsa moto, motero zimathandizira kuchedwa kwa moto kwa zinthuzo, kuchepetsa halogen, asidi, kutulutsa utsi, koma zingapangitse kuti index ya okosijeni ichepe pang'ono.

2. Zipangizo zoletsa moto zopanda Halogen

Ma polyolefin ndi zinthu zopanda halogen, zomwe zimapangidwa ndi ma hydrocarbon omwe amaswa carbon dioxide ndi madzi akamawotchedwa popanda kupanga utsi wambiri ndi mpweya woopsa. Polyolefin makamaka imaphatikizapo polyethylene (PE) ndi ma polymer a ethylene – vinyl acetate (E-VA). Zipangizozi zokha sizili ndi zoletsa moto, zimafunika kuwonjezera zoletsa moto zopanda organic ndi zoletsa moto za phosphorous, kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito popanga zinthu zoletsa moto zopanda halogen; Komabe, chifukwa cha kusowa kwa magulu a polar pa unyolo wa mamolekyulu a zinthu zopanda polar zomwe zimakhala ndi hydrophobicity, kuyanjana ndi zoletsa moto zopanda organic n'kovuta, kovuta kumangirirana mwamphamvu. Pofuna kukonza ntchito ya pamwamba pa polyolefin, ma surfactants amatha kuwonjezeredwa ku fomula. Kapena mu polyolefin yosakanikirana ndi ma polima okhala ndi magulu a polar, kuti awonjezere kuchuluka kwa chodzaza moto choletsa moto, kukonza mawonekedwe a makina ndi mawonekedwe opangira zinthuzo, pamene akupeza choletsa moto chabwino. Zikuoneka kuti waya ndi chingwe choletsa moto zidakali zabwino kwambiri, ndipo kugwiritsa ntchito ndikosamala kwambiri zachilengedwe.