Mawaya ndi zingwe, zomwe zimagwira ntchito ngati zonyamulira zazikulu zotumizira mphamvu ndi kulumikizana kwa chidziwitso, zimakhala ndi magwiridwe antchito omwe amadalira mwachindunji njira zotetezera ndi zophimba. Ndi kusiyanasiyana kwa zofunikira zamakampani amakono pakugwira ntchito kwa zingwe, njira zinayi zazikulu—kutulutsa, kukulunga kwa nthawi yayitali, kukulunga kwa helical, ndi kuphimba kwa dip—zikuwonetsa zabwino zapadera m'zochitika zosiyanasiyana. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za kusankha zinthu, kuyenda kwa njira, ndi zochitika zogwiritsira ntchito za njira iliyonse, kupereka maziko ophunzirira pakupanga ndi kusankha zingwe.
1 Njira Yotulutsira Zinthu
1.1 Machitidwe a Zinthu
Njira yotulutsira imagwiritsa ntchito makamaka zipangizo za thermoplastic kapena thermosetting polymer:
① Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC): Yotsika mtengo, yosavuta kuikonza, yoyenera zingwe zachikhalidwe zokhala ndi mphamvu zochepa (monga zingwe zokhazikika za UL 1061), koma zosagwirizana ndi kutentha (kutentha komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali ≤70°C).
②Polyethylene yolumikizidwa ndi mtanda (XLPE)Kudzera mu peroxide kapena irradiation cross-linking, kutentha kumawonjezeka kufika pa 90°C (IEC 60502 standard), yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zingwe zamagetsi zapakati ndi zapamwamba.
③ Thermoplastic Polyurethane (TPU): Kukana kwa abrasion kumakwaniritsa ISO 4649 Standard Giredi A, komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pa zingwe zokokera za loboti.
④ Fluoroplastics (monga, FEP): Kukana kutentha kwambiri (200°C) ndi kukana dzimbiri kwa mankhwala, zomwe zimakwaniritsa zofunikira za chingwe cha ndege cha MIL-W-22759.
1.2 Makhalidwe a Njira
Amagwiritsa ntchito chotulutsira screw kuti akwaniritse kuphimba kosalekeza:
① Kulamulira Kutentha: XLPE imafuna kuwongolera kutentha kwa magawo atatu (dera lodyetsa 120°C → dera lopanikizika 150°C → dera lofanana 180°C).
② Kulamulira Kukhuthala: Kuchuluka kwa zinthu zosakanikirana kuyenera kukhala ≤5% (monga momwe zafotokozedwera mu GB/T 2951.11).
③ Njira Yoziziritsira: Kuziziritsa kwa gradient mu chidebe cha madzi kuti kupewe kusweka kwa crystallization.
1.3 Zochitika Zogwiritsira Ntchito
① Mphamvu Yotumizira: Zingwe zoteteza kutentha za 35 kV ndi pansi pa XLPE (GB/T 12706).
② Mawaya a Magalimoto: Chotetezera cha PVC chokhala ndi khoma lopyapyala (ISO 6722 muyezo wa makulidwe a 0.13 mm).
③ Zingwe Zapadera: Zingwe za coaxial zotetezedwa ndi PTFE (ASTM D3307).
2 Njira Yokulungira Yaitali
2.1 Kusankha Zinthu
① Zingwe zachitsulo: 0.15 mmtepi yachitsulo yolimba(Zofunikira za GB/T 2952), tepi ya aluminiyamu yokutidwa ndi pulasitiki (kapangidwe ka Al/PET/Al).
② Zipangizo Zotchingira Madzi: Tepi yotchingira madzi yokhala ndi guluu wosungunuka ndi moto (kutupa kwa ≥500%).
③ Zipangizo Zowotcherera: Waya wowotcherera wa aluminiyamu wa ER5356 wa argon arc welding (muyezo wa AWS A5.10).
2.2 Ukadaulo Wofunika Kwambiri
Njira yopangira denga la denga nthawi yayitali imaphatikizapo magawo atatu ofunikira:
① Kupanga Mzere: Kupinda mizera yosalala kukhala mawonekedwe a U → mawonekedwe a O kudzera mukuzungulira masitepe ambiri.
② Kuwotcherera Kosalekeza: Kuwotcherera koyambitsa magetsi pafupipafupi (pafupipafupi 400 kHz, liwiro 20 m/min).
③ Kuyang'anira pa intaneti: Choyesera spark (voteji yoyesera 9 kV/mm).
2.3 Ntchito Zachizolowezi
① Zingwe za pansi pa madzi: Chingwe chachitsulo chokhala ndi zigawo ziwiri, chokulungidwa ndi longitudinal strip (IEC 60840 standard mechanical strength ≥400 N/mm²).
② Zingwe Zopangira Migodi: Chidebe cha aluminiyamu chopangidwa ndi phula (MT 818.14 mphamvu yokakamiza ≥20 MPa).
③ Zingwe Zolumikizirana: Chishango cholumikizira cha aluminiyamu-pulasitiki chopangidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana (kutayika kwa ma transmission ≤0.1 dB/m @1GHz).
Njira 3 Yokulungira Mzere Wozungulira
3.1 Kuphatikiza Zinthu
① Tepi ya Mica: Kuchuluka kwa Muscovite ≥95% (GB/T 5019.6), kutentha kokana moto 1000°C/90 min.
② Tepi Yoyendetsera Zinthu Mozungulira: Kaboni wakuda 30%～40% (kukana kwa voliyumu 10²～10³ Ω·cm).
③ Matepi Ophatikizana: Filimu ya polyester + nsalu yosalukidwa (makulidwe 0.05 mm ±0.005 mm).
3.2 Magawo a Njira
① Ngodya Yokulungira: 25°～55° (ngodya yaying'ono imapereka kukana kopindika bwino).
② Chiŵerengero Chogwirizanitsa: 50% ～70% (zingwe zosagwira moto zimafunika kulumikiza 100%).
③ Kulamulira Kupsinjika: 0.5～2 N/mm² (kulamulira kotsekedwa kwa mota ya servo).
3.3 Mapulogalamu Atsopano
① Zingwe Zamagetsi a Nyukiliya: Kukulunga tepi ya mica yokhala ndi zigawo zitatu (kuyesa kwa IEEE 383 koyenera).
② Zingwe Zoyendetsera Mphamvu: Kukulunga tepi yotchinga madzi yozungulira semiconducting (chiwerengero chofunikira chosungira mphamvu yamagetsi ≥98%).
③ Zingwe Zokhala ndi Ma frequency Aakulu: Kukulunga filimu ya PTFE (chosasintha cha dielectric 2.1 @1MHz).
4 Njira Yophikira Kuviika
4.1 Machitidwe Ophikira
① Zophimba za Asphalt: Kulowa 60～80 (0.1 mm) @25°C (GB/T 4507).
② Polyurethane: Dongosolo la zigawo ziwiri (NCO∶OH = 1.1∶1), kumatirira ≥3B (ASTM D3359).
③ Zophimba zazing'ono: SiO₂ resin yosinthidwa ya epoxy (kuyesa kwa mchere > maola 1000).
4.2 Kukonza Njira
① Kuyika vacuum: Kupanikizika kwa 0.08 MPa kumasungidwa kwa mphindi 30 (mlingo wodzaza ma pore >95%).
② Kuchiritsa kwa UV: Kutalika kwa mafunde 365 nm, mphamvu 800 mJ/cm².
③ Kuumitsa kwa Gradient: 40°C × maola awiri → 80°C × maola anayi → 120°C × ola limodzi.
4.3 Ntchito Zapadera
① Makondakitala Oyendetsera Galimoto: Chophimba choletsa dzimbiri chosinthidwa ndi Graphene (kuchuluka kwa mchere kumachepetsedwa ndi 70%).
② Zingwe za Shipboard: Chophimba cha polyurea chodzichiritsa chokha (nthawi yochira ming'alu < maola 24).
③ Zingwe Zobisika: Chophimba cha semiconducting (kukana kwa nthaka ≤5 Ω·km).
5 Mapeto
Ndi chitukuko cha zipangizo zatsopano ndi zida zanzeru, njira zophimba zinthu zikusintha kukhala zinthu zophatikizika komanso za digito. Mwachitsanzo, ukadaulo wophatikizana wa extrusion-longitudinal wrapping umalola kupanga zinthu zophatikizika za co-extrusion ya magawo atatu + aluminiyamu, ndipo zingwe zolumikizirana za 5G zimagwiritsa ntchito nano-coating + wrapping composite insulation. Kusintha kwamtsogolo kwa njira kuyenera kupeza mgwirizano wabwino pakati pa kuwongolera ndalama ndi kukulitsa magwiridwe antchito, zomwe zikuyendetsa chitukuko chapamwamba cha makampani a zingwe.
Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala 31-2025