Zigawo zamapangidwe azinthu zama waya ndi chingwe zimatha kugawidwa m'magawo anayi akuluakulu: ma conductor, insulation layers, shielding layers ndi sheaths, komanso zinthu zodzaza ndi zinthu zolimba, ndi zina zambiri. Malinga ndi zofunikira zogwiritsira ntchito ndikugwiritsa ntchito kwazinthuzo, zinthu zina zimakhala ndi zida zosavuta kwambiri, zokhala ndi gawo limodzi lokha, monga waya pamwamba, waya, waya, waya, waya. mabasi amkuwa-aluminiyamu (mabasi), etc. Kutsekemera kwamagetsi kwakunja kwa mankhwalawa kumatsimikiziridwa pogwiritsa ntchito ma insulators ndi mtunda wamtunda panthawi yoyika ndi kuika (ndiko kuti, pogwiritsa ntchito mpweya).
Zambiri zamawaya ndi zingwe zimakhala ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndendende (kunyalanyaza zolakwika zopanga) ndipo zili ngati mizere yayitali. Izi zimatsimikiziridwa ndi mawonekedwe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mabwalo kapena ma coils mumakina kapena zida. Chifukwa chake, powerenga ndikusanthula kapangidwe kazinthu zama chingwe, ndikofunikira kuyang'ana ndikuwunika kuchokera pamagawo awo.
Zotsatirazi ndikuwunika mwatsatanetsatane kapangidwe ka chingwe ndi zida za chingwe:
1. Kapangidwe ka chingwe: Kondakitala
Mawaya ndiye zinthu zofunika kwambiri komanso zofunika kwambiri kuti zinthu zizigwira ntchito yotumizira zidziwitso zapano kapena zamagetsi. Waya ndiye chidule cha conductive core.
Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zili mu ma kondakitala a chingwe? Zida zamakondakitala nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa ndi zitsulo zopanda chitsulo zomwe zimakhala ndi magetsi abwino kwambiri monga mkuwa ndi aluminiyamu. Zingwe zowoneka bwino zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamalumikizidwe olumikizirana owoneka bwino omwe apangidwa mwachangu m'zaka makumi atatu zapitazi kapena kupitilira apo amagwiritsa ntchito ulusi wamaso ngati ma conductor.
2. Kapangidwe ka chingwe: Wosanjikiza wa insulation
Chophimba chotetezera ndi chigawo chomwe chimakwirira mphepete mwa waya ndipo chimakhala ngati insulator yamagetsi. Ndiko kuti, imatha kuonetsetsa kuti mafunde omwe amaperekedwa pano kapena ma elekitiroma, mafunde opepuka amangoyenda pawaya ndipo samatuluka kunja. Kuthekera pa kondakitala (ndiko kuti, kusiyana komwe kungathe kupangidwa ndi zinthu zozungulira, ndiko kuti, voliyumu) zitha kudzipatula. Ndiko kuti, m'pofunika kuonetsetsa zonse yachibadwa kufala ntchito ya waya ndi chitetezo cha zinthu zakunja ndi anthu. Mawaya ndi zigawo zosungunulira ndi zigawo ziwiri zofunika zomwe ziyenera kukhalapo kuti zikhale zopangira chingwe (kupatula mawaya opanda kanthu).
Kodi zida zotchinjiriza chingwe ndi chiyani: M'mawaya ndi zingwe zamakono, gulu la zida zotchingira chingwe zimagwera m'magulu awiri: mapulasitiki ndi mphira. Zida za polima ndizopambana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mawaya ndi chingwe azigwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana komanso zofunikira zachilengedwe. Zida zotchinjiriza wamba zamawaya ndi zingwe zimaphatikizapo polyvinyl chloride (PVC),polyethylene yolumikizidwa (XLPE), fluoroplastics, mankhwala a mphira, mankhwala a mphira a ethylene propylene, ndi zipangizo zotchinjiriza mphira za silikoni.
3. Kapangidwe ka chingwe: Sheath
Zinthu zamawaya ndi zingwe zikayikidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo osiyanasiyana, payenera kukhala zigawo zomwe zimateteza chinthu chonsecho, makamaka chosanjikiza. Ichi ndi m'chimake. Chifukwa zida zotchingira zimafunikira kuti zikhale ndi zida zabwino kwambiri zotchinjiriza magetsi amitundu yonse, ndikofunikira kuti pamafunika kuyera kwambiri komanso zonyansa zotsika kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri, sikutheka kuganizira mphamvu zake zoteteza ku dziko lakunja. Chifukwa chake, zida zosiyanasiyana zodzitchinjiriza ziyenera kukhala ndi udindo wopirira kapena kukana mphamvu zamakina osiyanasiyana kuchokera kunja (mwachitsanzo, kuyika, malo ogwiritsira ntchito komanso pakagwiritsidwe ntchito), kukana chilengedwe chamlengalenga, kukana mankhwala kapena mafuta, kupewa kuwonongeka kwachilengedwe, komanso kuchepetsa zoopsa zamoto. Ntchito zazikulu zazitsulo za chingwe ndikuletsa madzi, kuchedwa kwa moto, kukana moto komanso kupewa dzimbiri. Zinthu zambiri zama chingwe zomwe zimapangidwira malo abwino akunja (monga malo aukhondo, owuma, komanso m'nyumba zopanda mphamvu zamakina), kapena zokhala ndi zida zotsekereza zomwe mwachibadwa zimakhala ndi mphamvu zamakina komanso kukana kwanyengo, zimatha kuchita popanda gawo loteteza.
Ndi mitundu yanji ya zida zopangira chingwe? Zida zazikulu zazitsulo zazitsulo zimaphatikizapo mphira, pulasitiki, zokutira, silicone, ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana za fiber, ndi zina. Komabe, popeza zida zonse za mphira ndi pulasitiki zimakhala ndi madzi pang'ono, zimatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zida zapamwamba za polima zokhala ndi chinyezi chambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kutchinjiriza kwa chingwe. Ndiye ogwiritsa ntchito ena angafunse chifukwa chake pulasitiki imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gawo loteteza pamsika? Poyerekeza ndi makhalidwe a pulasitiki sheaths, mphira m'chimake ali elasticity apamwamba ndi kusinthasintha, kugonjetsedwa ndi ukalamba, koma kupanga awo ndi zovuta kwambiri. Zipolopolo zapulasitiki zimakhala ndi makina abwinoko komanso kukana madzi, ndipo zimakhala ndi zinthu zambiri, zotsika mtengo komanso zosavuta kuzikonza. Choncho, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamsika. Tiyenera kuzindikira ndi anzawo amakampani kuti pali mtundu wina wazitsulo zachitsulo. Zitsulo zachitsulo sizingokhala ndi ntchito zoteteza makina komanso ntchito yotchinga yomwe yatchulidwa pansipa. Amakhalanso ndi zinthu monga corrosion resistance, compressive and tensile mphamvu, komanso kukana madzi, zomwe zingalepheretse chinyezi ndi zinthu zina zovulaza kulowa mkati mwa chingwe chotchinga. Chifukwa chake, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati ma sheath a zingwe zamagetsi zopaka mafuta opaka mafuta osakanizidwa ndi chinyezi.
4. Kapangidwe ka chingwe: Wotchinga wosanjikiza
Chotchinga chotchinga ndi gawo lofunikira muzinthu zamagetsi kuti mukwaniritse kudzipatula kwamagetsi amagetsi. Sizingangoletsa maginito amagetsi amkati kuti asatuluke ndikusokoneza zida zakunja, mita kapena mizere ina, komanso kutsekereza mafunde akunja amagetsi kuti asalowe mu chingwe cholumikizira. Mwachindunji, chotchinga chotchinga sichimangokhala kunja kwa chingwe komanso chimakhalapo pakati pa awiriawiri kapena magulu a mawaya mu zingwe zamitundu yambiri, kupanga ma "electromagnetic isolation screens". M'zaka zaposachedwa, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa zingwe zoyankhulirana zothamanga kwambiri komanso zotsutsana ndi kusokoneza, zida zotchingira zidasintha kuchokera kumatepi achikale azitsulo ndi matepi a semiconductor kupita ku zida zapamwamba kwambiri zophatikizika monga.aluminium zojambulazo mylar matepi, matepi a mkuwa wa mylar, ndi matepi amkuwa. Zomangamanga zodziwika bwino zimaphatikizapo zigawo zotchingira zamkati zopangidwa ndi ma polima oyendetsa kapena matepi a semiconductive, komanso zigawo zotchingira zakunja monga kukulunga kwa tepi yamkuwa ndi mauna amkuwa oluka. Pakati pawo, wosanjikiza woluka nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mkuwa wokutidwa ndi malata kuti apititse patsogolo kukhazikika kwa dzimbiri. Pazochitika zapadera zogwiritsira ntchito, monga zingwe zosinthasintha zogwiritsa ntchito tepi yamkuwa + zotchinga za waya zamkuwa, zingwe za data zomwe zimagwiritsa ntchito zomata za aluminiyamu zomata motalika + kapangidwe ka streamline, ndi zingwe zamankhwala zomwe zimafuna zigawo zokulukidwa zamkuwa zokulirapo zasiliva. Kubwera kwa nthawi ya 5G, mawonekedwe otetezedwa osakanizidwa a tepi ya aluminiyamu-pulasitiki yophatikizika komanso kuluka kwa waya wamkuwa kwakhala njira yayikulu yothetsera zingwe zothamanga kwambiri. Zochita zamafakitale zikuwonetsa kuti chishango chotchinga chasintha kuchokera kuzinthu zowonjezera kupita ku gawo lodziyimira pawokha la chingwe. Kusankhidwa kwa zida zake kumafunika kuganizira mozama za ma frequency, magwiridwe antchito ndi mtengo wake kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira zama electromagnetic pamitundu yosiyanasiyana yogwiritsira ntchito.
5. Mapangidwe a chingwe: Mapangidwe odzaza
Zambiri zamawaya ndi zingwe zimakhala ndimitundu yambiri. Mwachitsanzo, zingwe zamagetsi zotsika kwambiri zimakhala ndi zingwe zoyambira zinayi kapena zisanu (zoyenera magawo atatu), ndipo zingwe zamatelefoni zakutawuni zimabwera m'magulu 800, ma 1200, ma 2400 mpaka 3600 mapeya. Pambuyo pazitsulo zotsekedwa za waya kapena mawiri awiriwa amalumikizidwa (kapena amangiriridwa m'magulu kangapo), pali mavuto awiri: imodzi ndi yakuti mawonekedwewo sali ozungulira, ndipo winayo ndi woti pali mipata yayikulu pakati pazitsulo zotsekedwa. Chifukwa chake, dongosolo lodzaza liyenera kuwonjezeredwa panthawi ya cabling. Mapangidwe odzaza ndi kupanga mawonekedwe akunja a cabling mozungulira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kukulunga ndi kutulutsa kwa sheath, komanso kupanga chingwe chokhazikika komanso mkati mwamphamvu. Panthawi yogwiritsira ntchito (pamene mukutambasula, kukanikiza ndi kupindika panthawi yopanga ndi kuika), mphamvuyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito mofanana popanda kuwononga mkati mwa chingwe. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale mawonekedwe odzaza ndi gawo lothandizira, ndikofunikira, ndipo pali malamulo atsatanetsatane pazosankha zake zakuthupi ndi mawonekedwe ake.
Zida zodzazira chingwe: Nthawi zambiri, zodzaza zingwe zimaphatikiza tepi ya polypropylene, chingwe cha PP chosalukidwa, chingwe cha hemp, kapena zinthu zotsika mtengo zopangidwa kuchokera ku mphira wobwezerezedwanso. Kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chingwe chodzaza chingwe, iyenera kukhala ndi mawonekedwe osayambitsa zovuta pachimake cha insulated chingwe, osati kukhala hygroscopic palokha, osakonda kuchepa komanso osawononga.
6. Kapangidwe ka chingwe: Zinthu zolimba
Mawaya achikale ndi zida za chingwe zimadalira zida zankhondo kuti zipirire mphamvu zakunja kapena mphamvu zomangika chifukwa cha kulemera kwawo. Zomwe zimapangidwira ndi zida zazitsulo zachitsulo ndi zida zachitsulo (mwachitsanzo, zingwe zapansi pamadzi, mawaya achitsulo okhuthala ndi mainchesi 8mm amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndikupotozedwa kuti apange gulu lankhondo). Komabe, pofuna kuteteza ulusi wa kuwala ku mphamvu zazing'ono zowonongeka komanso kupewa kusinthika pang'ono kwa ulusi womwe ungakhudze ntchito yotumizira, mawonekedwe a chingwe cha optical fiber ali ndi zida zoyambira ndi zachiwiri komanso zida zodzipatulira zamphamvu. Kuphatikiza apo, ngati chingwe chamutu cha foni yam'manja chitengera momwe waya wabwino wamkuwa kapena tepi yopyapyala yamkuwa imakulungidwa mozungulira ulusi wopangira ulusi ndipo wosanjikiza wotsekereza umatuluka kunja, ulusi wopangirawu ndiye chinthu chokhazikika. Pomaliza, muzinthu zapadera, zazing'ono komanso zosinthika zomwe zapangidwa m'zaka zaposachedwa zomwe zimafuna kugwiritsa ntchito kupindika ndi kupindika kangapo, zinthu zolimba zimagwira ntchito yayikulu.
Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimaphatikizidwira pazigawo zama chingwe: zingwe zachitsulo, mawaya achitsulo, ndi zitsulo zosapanga dzimbiri
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-25-2025